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1 Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

1 2025

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Assessing the equivalent spring modelling method of CFS elements encased in ultra-lightweight concrete

Alabedi Ahmed, Hegyi Péter

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

2025

Vol. 73, nr 1

art. no. e151384

An efficient finite element approach was recently developed to analyze encased cold-formed steel (CFS) structures. This new technique replaced encasing material with unidirectional springs, analogous to the Winkler foundation concept, to shorten the analysis time while ensuring accuracy and reliability in predicting the structural behaviour of encased CFS components. In this paper, the validity, and limitations of the simplified spring model to represent outstanding plates were assessed. The investigation demonstrated that the simplified spring model could effectively predict the ultimate load for a wide range of ultra-lightweight concrete moduli (50–250 MPa) with an acceptable error. The analysis indicated that plate elements initially in cross-section class 4 without encasing material become at least class 3, or better as a consequence of encasing. Previously reported experiments were used to evaluate the performance of the ESM. The analysis demonstrated that the ESM can accurately predict the local failure ultimate load of encased CFS sections with an acceptable error percent and significantly less computational effort than a 3D solid model.