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Hałas od ruchu samochodowego w otoczeniu skrzyżowań

Motylewicz M., Gardziejczyk W.

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2014

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Vol. 13, nr 1

137--147

PL

W ostatnich latach coraz większą uwagę zwraca się na ochronę obszarów zabudowanych przed nadmiernym hałasem komunikacyjnym. Istotnym problemem związanym z kształtowaniem klimatu akustycznego w miastach jest ocena i prognozowanie poziomu hałasu w otoczeniu skrzyżowań. Badania w tym zakresie są prowadzone w wielu krajowych i zagranicznych ośrodkach badawczych. Opracowane modele prognozowania hałasu, w zależności od liczby i rodzaju uwzględnianych czynników, z różną dokładnością opisują jego poziom w otoczeniu skrzyżowań. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań równoważnego poziomu dźwięku w otoczeniu różnych typów skrzyżowań. Pokazano wpływ organizacji ruchu, natężenia, struktury kierunkowej i rodzajowej oraz geometrii i odległości od skrzyżowania na poziom hałasu. Stwierdzono, że poza podstawowymi parametrami ruchu drogowego (natężenie i struktura rodzajowa) i charakterystyką wlotów, w sposób bardziej szczegółowy powinna być uwzględniana geometria skrzyżowania, organizacja i sposób sterowania ruchem oraz warunki ruchu występujące na skrzyżowaniu.

EN

Over the period of the last few years special attention has been paid to the issue of protecting built-up areas against excessive traffic noise. Prediction and assessment of the level of noise in areas surrounding intersections was of primary interest to the researchers. Studies in this field have been carried out in numerous research centers in Poland and around the world. Existing noise prediction models describe the noise level in areas close to intersections with different degree of accuracy, depending on the number and type of factors included in the model. The paper presents the results of studies on the equivalent noise level in the surroundings of various types of intersections. It shows the impact of the following factors on traffic noise: geometry, traffic organization, traffic composition and distribution as well as the distance from the intersection. It was stated that apart from the basic traffic parameters (intensity and composition) and the characteristics of entries, some factors, including intersection geometry, organization and management of traffic and the traffic conditions should be analysed in greater detail.

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A Study on the Effects of Human Age, Type of Computer and Noise on Operators’ Performance of a Data Entry Task

Khan Z. A., Rizvi S. A. H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2010

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Vol. 16, No. 4

455--463

EN

The effects of human age, type of computer, and noise on computer operators’ performance of a data entry task were investigated. Twenty male subjects aged 10–55 were assigned into 4 age groups each consisting of 5 persons. They performed the task for 15 min on desktop and laptop computers in a sitting posture under varying levels of noise. The mean number of characters entered per minute (MNCEPM) was statistically analyzed. Operators in the 16–25 age group achieved the highest rate of data entry at each level of noise investigated. Operators performed better on desktop than on laptop computers. Their performance decreased when noise level increased from 82 to 92 dB(A), but it improved at 102 dB(A). The effects of age and noise were statistically significant. However, the effects of the type of computer, the interactions between age and type of computer, age and noise level, and type of computer and noise were not found to be statistically significant.

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A Study on the Effect of Human Laterality, Type of Computer and Noise on Operators’ Performance of a Data Entry Task

Khan Z. A., Rizvi S. A. H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2009

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Vol. 15, No. 1

53--60

EN

Effects of human laterality, type of computer and noise on computer operators’ performance of a data entry task were investigated. Seven right- and 7 left-motorsided male subjects performed the task on desktop and laptop computers in a sitting posture under varying noise levels. The mean number of characters entered per minute was statistically analysed. The right-motorsided operators entered more data than left-motorsided ones at each noise level. Operators performed better on desktop computers. Operators’ performance decreased when noise level increased from 82 to 92 dB(A) but it improved at 102 dB(A). Effects of laterality, type of computer and noise, and the interaction between laterality and noise were statistically significant. The interactions between laterality and type of computer, and type of computer and noise were statistically insignificant. Laterality was statistically significant at all noise levels and noise was statistically significant for right motor-sided operators only.