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1

Experimental structure of discourse: mapping the discourse formations of Bauhaus ideals

Lam Ka-man, Gorle Jyotsna, Wilde Michael, Saad Patrick

Architecturae et Artibus

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2020

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Vol. 12, no. 1

15--28

EN

In the relativistic world of the 21st century, if the Bauhaus would still be upheld as doctrine, we must face the truth: it can hardly be considered a provocation. Rather, we most often find ourselves caught between contradictory wishes to preserve an intact past and to make sense of a resolute avant-gardism. This paper proposes that the Bauhaus, as a discursive knowledge body, be structuralistically analyzed with Foucauldian Discourse Analysis. Our claim is substantiated by: first, that a F oucaultian concept of discourse offers an alternative to the practice of history and theory; second, that the publication of Bauhaus reveals a discursive structure in a F oucaultian sense; third, that discourse-analysis-search-engine can perform the analysis on the Bauhaus corpus, contributing to emergent epistemological positions; fourth, that this revealed structure of discourse could be mapped and re-materialized to invite interferences on today’s territory of Bauhaus Discourse. The research and development process in the accompanying project “Bauhaus Orbits – scenographic apparatus for discourse analysis” (bauhausorbits.de) will be discussed.

2

Towards a pluralistic epistemology: understanding human-technology interactions in shipping from psychological, sociological and ecological perspectives

Man Y., Lundh M., MacKinnon S. N.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 4

795--811

EN

In the shipping domain, many innovative technical systems have been designed and developed in the past decades, aiming to enable the maritime users to achieve the goal of safety, efficiency and effectiveness. The introduction of advanced technologies into workplaces have also created unprecedented challenges. Human users frequently find themselves in a supporting role to serve technology, being responsible for automation issues and blamed for “human errors” that sometimes result in tragic results. These challenges are closely associated with the design and use of technologies. Human‐technology interactions has become an important multidisciplinary research topic for shipping. This article reviews theoretical concepts relative to the dimensions of psychology, sociology and ecology in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) in order to form a deeper understanding of human‐technology interactions. This paper also discusses the theoretical constructs’ practical relevance by showing how a few cases exemplifying ongoing development sectors in shipping, such as energy efficiency optimisation, supervisory control of autonomous unmanned ships, and eco‐systems in engine control rooms, are understood with these theoretical perspectives. By presenting multidisciplinary understandings of human‐technology interaction, this paper aims to derive knowledge pertinent to methodological approaches and philosophical stances of future maritime human factors and HCI research.

3

Forecasting in economic sciences in the context of chaos theory

Nowak M.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2018

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nr 3

95--105

EN

The aim of the article is to determine the epistemological status of forecasting in economic sciences in the context of chaos theory. Achieving the aim required the use of logical analysis and conceptual construction. The article defines two criteria for recognising a given system as being chaotic. The first one (subjective) concerns the appearance of the complexity characteristic of indeterminism. The second one (objective) concerns the occurrence of the sensitivity of the system to the initial conditions. The study examines the occurrence of both traits in economic systems and finally concludes that the epistemological status of forecasting in economic sciences is negative.

4

Dwie tradycje naukowego poznawania świata. Studium przypadku powstania i recepcji mechaniki kwantowej w latach 1925–1927, na podstawie dyskusji Wernera Heisenberga i Alberta Einsteina

Krajniak W.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2014

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R. 59, nr 3

7--36

EN

The purpose of this article is the analyses of discussion between Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg in the period 1925-1927. Their disputes, relating to the sources of scientific knowledge, its methods and the value of knowledge acquired in this way, are part of the characteristic for the European science discourse between rationalism and empirism. On the basis of some sources and literature on the subject, the epistemological positions of both scholars in the period were reconstructed. This episode, yet poorly known, is a unique example of scientific disputes, whose range covers a broad spectrum of methodological problems associated with the historical development of science. The conducted analysis sheds some light on the source of popularity of logical empirism in the first half of the 20th century. A particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the neopositivist ideas which reflect Heisenberg's research program, being the starting point for the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The main assumption of logical empirism, concerning acquisition of scientific knowledge only by means of empirical procedures and logical analysis of the language of science, in view of the voiced by Einstein arguments, bears little relationship with actual testing practices in the historical aspect of the development of science. The criticism of Heisenberg's program, carried out by Einstein, provided arguments for the main critics of the neopositivist ideal and contributed to the bankruptcy of the idea of logical empirism, thereby starting a period of critical rationalism prosperity, arising from criticism of neopositivism and alluding to Einstein's ideas.

5

Matematyczność klimatu

Kozieł S.R.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2010

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Z. 3-4

209-218

PL

Zawarte w tytule określenie "matematyczność klimatu" nawiązuje do idei matematyczności przyrody, będącej w centrum zainteresowania zarówno samej matematyki, jak i filozofii i metodologii nauki. Analiza semantyczna pytania, dlaczego przyroda, w tym klimat, jest matematyczny, musi prowadzić w efekcie do konkluzji, że w obu przypadkach ma ono wydźwięk metafizyczny. Jednak matematyczność klimatu jest jednocześnie problemem stosowalności samych metod matematycznych. Zgodnie z definicją klimat jest to miara niezmiennicza na atraktorze. Jest to dziwny atraktor, którego dynamika jest chaotyczna, struktura fraktalna, a system prognozowalny w bardzo ograniczonym zakresie. Jest to własność fizyki klimatu, bo sam atraktor jest pojęciem matematycznym. Dostęp do rzeczywistości jest jednak ograniczony. W istocie to, co jesteśmy w stanie badać, to własności równań, z przeświadczeniem, że z wystarczającym przybliżeniem modelują one rzeczywistą, nieskończoną przestrzeń fazową. Zadanie modelowania zarówno pogody, jak i klimatu staje się niemalże metafizyczne. Nie dość tego, że znajdujemy się gdzieś w przestrzeni fraktalnej, to fizyka zawarta w przyjętych równaniach zakłada milcząco rachunek na liczbach rzeczywistych, niewymiernych. A te są niedostępne nie tylko w akcie pomiaru, ale i w procesie obliczeniowym. Elementarnym faktem w systemie klimatycznym jest zdarzenie – wystąpienie zjawiska: meteoru bądź hydrometeoru. Jeżeli jednak meteorologia i hydrologia zajmują się fizyką zjawisk, to klimatologia opisuje raczej ich powtarzalność. W praktyce opracowań klimatologicznych zdarzenia w środowisku nazywane są losowymi, ale tak ich określać nie można. W istocie są to zawsze zdarzenia w sensie fizycznym, a losowość wymagałaby za każdym razem przypisania im jakiegoś prawdopodobieństwa, znajomości miary na atraktorze. Takiej miary probabilistycznej a priori znać jednak nie można. Interpretacja może mieć charakter wyłącznie opisowy: w okresie pomiarów instrumentalnych zdarzenie wystąpiło dokładnie n razy.

EN

The term "mathematicity of climate " refers to the idea of mathematical aspect of nature, being in the centre of the interest both mathematics itself, philosophy and the methodology of the science. Analysis of the semantic question why nature, in this climate, is a mathematical must lead to the conclusion that in both cases it is a metaphysical overtones. However mathematicity of the climate is the problem of the applicability of mathematical methods themselves. According to the common definition climate is an invariant measure on the attractor. It is a strange attractor, whose dynamics is chaotic and the system is not predictable. This is the property of the physics of the climate, because atraktor himself is the mathematical notion. We are only just able to examine the properties of equations, with a conviction that they are sufficiently close approximation of the actual model, the infinite phase space. The task of modeling both the weather and the climate becomes almost metaphysical. Not enough this, we are in the fractal space equations of models assume the real numbers without possibility of correct initial conditions. And these are not available, not only in the act of measurement but also in the process of computing. Elementary fact in the climate system is an event – the occurrence of the phenomenon: a meteor or hydrometeor. If, however, meteorology and hydrology deal with the physics of the phenomena it describes the climatology rather their repeatability. In practice, studies climatological events in the environment are called random, but they cannot identify. In fact, they are always events in the physical sense, and would require the establishment some probability measure on attractor. One such probabilistic measure can not a priori however know. The interpretation can have the exclusively descriptive character: exactly n the event stepped out in the period of instrumental measurements times.

6

Filozofia zrównoważonego rozwoju : preliminaria

Gawor L.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2010

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vol. 5, nr 2

69-76

PL

Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia zasadniczych filozoficznych tez, które implicite lub explicite znajdują się u podstaw idei zrównoważonego rozwoju. Obok zasygnalizowanych założeń metafizycznych, epistemologicznych, historiozoficznych oraz antropologicznych, uwaga szczególnie została zwrócona na aksjologiczną podbudowę zrównoważonego rozwoju. W zakończeniu omawiana koncepcja została ukazana jako współczesna wersja oświeceniowej optymistycznej filozofii społecznej.

EN

The article is an attempt to present principal philosophical theses which implicite or explicite are the basis of sustainable development idea. Among assumptions concerning metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of history and anthropology, also axiological foundation of sustainable development is highlighted. In the final part discussed idea is presented as modern version of Enlightenment's optimistic social philosophy.

7

On some aspects of systems theory

Vallee R.

Systems Science

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2007

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Vol. 33, no 3

59-61

EN

The aspects of systems theory presented here have to do with the theme of observation. The perception a system has of itself and its environment involves the inverse transfer of internal structures. It is completed by a kind of perception through decisions taken. Both are aspects of what we propose to call "epistemo-praxiology". Intrinsic or internal duration, adapted to a dynamical system, is another aspect of perception. The internal duration considered here is greater if the state of the system changes rapidly and is equal to zero when the state does not change. The square of the speed of evolution of the system, at a given instant, is proposed as a degree of importance of this instant. Application is given in the case of an explosive-implosive system with interpretations in physiology and cosmology.

8

Telecommunications, multiple criteria analysis and knowledge theory

Wierzbicki A. P.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2005

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nr 3

3-13

EN

Telecommunications requires multiple criteria analysis and decision support. It is shown how some basic facts from telecommunications and informational sciences can be used to formulate a rational theory of intuition, developed as a complement of multiple criteria decision support. This paper presents a method called creative space used for integrating various approaches to knowledge creation and based on SECI spiral, I5 system and rational theory of intuition. Questions of supporting new technology creation by constructing specialized creative environments similar to decision support environments are also indicated.