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Percid occupation of submersed riverine macrophytes: food resource partitioning between perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus L.)

Dukowska M., Grzybkowska M., Lik J., Jurasz W.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2012

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Vol. 41, No. 1

12-23

EN

In a reservoir tailwater of the large, lowland Warta River, perch and ruffe coexist in a macrophyte habitat, which develops as a result of low water discharge in the late spring and summer. At the beginning of each year the diet of both percids, when shorter than 100 mm, is dominated by large, benthic Hydropsyche. Later in the year, epiphytic Chironomidae and Simuliidae replace these trichopterans in the perch diet, and benthic Chironomidae replace them in the ruffe diet. Large cladoceran species then become accessory food items for perch. Consequently, the food niche overlap of these two percids during the research period is only marginal.

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Comparison of gastrotrich fauna on elodeids and in bottom sediments of lakes of different trophic status (the region Polesie Lubelskie, Eastern Poland)

Nesteruk T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.2

13-21

EN

Species diversity of gastrotrich communities on elodeids and in bottom sediments of lakes of different trophic status was compared. Thirty-eight species of Gastrotricha (34 in bottom sediment and 21 on elodeids) were found, which belong to the only family of Chaetonotidae Zelinka, 1889. Species diversity of both habitats was reflected in the diversity indices ranging from 2.02 (a dystrophic lake) to 2.67 (a strongly eutrophic lake) for bottom sediment, and from 2.01 (a mesotrophic lake) to 2.54 (a strongly eutrophic lake) for elodeids. The similarity of gastrotrich fauna from the two habitats was low, and varied from 17% (a mesotrophic lake) to 38% (a strongly eutrophic lake). Low similarity of elodeid fauna from lakes of different trophic status was also found, in spite of similar plant species composition. The lowest similarity in elodeid fauna (23%) was recorded for dystrophic and mesotrophic lakes, whereas the highest one (68%) was observed for eutrophic and strongly eutrophic lakes. That allows to conclude that the diversity of epiphytic fauna is affected by trophic status rather than by vegetation type. The comparison of the gastrotrich fauna from elodeids and bottom sediments in lakes of different trophic status provides additional autoecological characteristics of Heterolepidoderma ocellatum (Mečnikow, 1865) and allows to recognize this species as belonging to a group of species closely related to macrophytes.

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Wpływ składu chemicznego osoki aloesowatej Stratiotes aloides L. na strukturę zasiedlającej ją makrofauny

Obolewski K. T., Skorbiłowicz E., Skorbiłowicz M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2009

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Vol. 3, No. 1

101--107

PL

Badania prowadzono w sezonach wiosennym i letnim 2007 roku dla Jeziora Smołdzińskiego (odcięta zatoka jeziora Gardno) oraz otaczających go kanałach melioracyjnych. Określono strukturę fauny epifitycznej zasiedlającej osokę aloesowatą Stratiotes aloides L. oraz skład pierwiastkowy (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ca i Mg) tego makrofitu. Dzięki wykorzystaniu metody ordynacyjnej pCCA podjęto próbę określenia wpływu chemicznego podłoża roślinnego na zasiedlających je przedstawicieli makrofauny. Łącznie znaleziono 27 taksonów fauny epifitycznej, wśród której dominowały przedstawiciele ślimaków. Największy wpływ na epifaunę naroślinną mają ołów i miedź, redukując głównie występowanie przedstawicieli mięczaków. Również akumulacja w liściach tego makrofitu innych metali ciężkich wpływa niekorzystnie na żyjących na jej powierzchni przedstawicieli makrofauny, natomiast stężenia wapnia i magnezu wpływają bardzo korzystne na przedstawicieli chrząszczy, chruścików oraz mięczaków. Sam wpływ sezonowości na chemiczne oddziaływanie osoki na zasiedlające ją zwierzęta nie został potwierdzony.

EN

The investigation was conducted in spring and summer seasons 2007 in the Smołdzińskie Lake (the cutoff bay of the Gardno Lake) and surrounding melioration ditches. The structure of epiphytic fauna inhabiting water soldiers Stratiotes aloides L. and chemical composition of this macrophyte were determined. With the help of ordination technique (pCCA) we assessed the influence of chemical composition of plant substrate on macrofauna representatives. Altogether 27 taxa of epiphytic fauna were found and most of them were observed in summer, except for one of the melioration ditches. It turned out, that lead and copper had the most important influence on epiphytic fauna inhabiting water soldiers and those chemical elements limited the occurrence of mollusks. The accumulation of other heavy metals in leaves of the studied macrophyte also did not favour the presence of macrofauna representatives. In turn, the higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium were correlated with higher abundance of beetles, caddis-flies and mollusks. The influence of season on chemical interactions between water soldiers and inhabiting macrofauna was not observed.

4

The food preferences of three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., downstream from a dam reservoir

Dukowska M., Grzybkowska M., Marszał L., Zięba G.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.2

39-50

EN

Submersed plants appeared in the impounded section of the Warta River as a consequence of low discharge in summer and were colonized by epiphytic fauna dominated by Hydra sp., Simuliidae, and Chironomidae. The three-spined stickleback consumed it voraciously, and their diet composition closely reflected the available food resources. In May their alimentary tracts were filled with Cladocera drifting from the reservoir, and then by the dominant taxa associated with macrophytes, especially chironomid periphyton scrapers. A comparison of dipteran head capsule width in the food resources and in the alimentary tract proved the three-spined stickleback preference for the largest larvae (optimal foraging strategy).

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Influence of spatial distribution of submerged macrophytes on Chironomidae assemblages in the shallow lakes

Tarkowska-Kukuryk M., Kornijów R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 4

569-579

EN

The influence of submerged macrophytes on composition, abundance and distribution of epiphytic and benthic chironomids was investigated in five lakes differing in the development of vegetation cover. Studied lakes represented three types, classified according to the concept of Alternative Stable States as: macrophyte dominated MD (dense vegetation), phytoplankton-macrophyte dominated PMD (sparse, patchy vegetation) and phytoplankton dominated PD (lack of submerged vegetation). Both zoocenosis responded differently to the changes in macrophyte cover. The density and biomass of benthic midges (density and biomass per m[^2] of bottom surface) were visibly higher in the patchy vegetated lakes; the abundance of epiphytic chironomids did not show any regularity. The species composition of epiphytic chironomids differed visibly between particular lake types, changed with the decrease of macrophyte cover. The composition of benthic midges was similar in all lake types. The studies showed at strong dependence of the proportion of epiphytic to benthic chironomids on the cover of macrophytes. In MD lakes the phytophilous midges were more abundant than benthic; in PMD lakes we observed the opposite pattern.

6

Water soldier Stratiotes aloides L. (Hydrocharitaceae) as a substratum for macroinvertebrates in a shallow eutrophic lake

Tarkowska-Kukuryk Monika

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 3

441-451

EN

The importance of water soldier (Stratiotes aloides L.) as a colonization substratum for epiphytic and mining fauna has been investigated in the shallow, eutrophic lake in East Poland. Samples were taken in May, July and October in 2000-2001. Studies focused on abundance and species diversity of phytophilous fauna of Stratiotes aloides, in particular on the relation between epiphytic and mining organisms and their seasonal changes. The studied zoocenosis differed significantly in terms of density and taxa number. In all studied seasons fauna inhabiting Stratiotes aloides showed higher abundance and species diversity than mining invertebrates. Both zoocenosis were predominated by Chironomidae larvae. The percentage of midges in epiphytic fauna decreased slightly during vegetation period, the mining fauna showed the opposite pattern. Epiphytic Chironomidae were dominated by four taxa (Dicrotendipes sp., Glyptotendipes sp., Paratanytarsus austriacus, Psectrodadius sp.). The mining fauna was represented mainly by Glyptotendipes sp. larvae. Density and biomass of epiphytic fauna showed the positive correlation with water soldier biomass.

7

Impact of the dam reservoir on river macrobenthic community : long-term study of Jeziorsko Reservoir and the Warta River in central Poland

Grzybkowska M., Dukowska M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2001

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Vol. 49, nr 3

243-259

EN

The riverine faunal responses was shown in relation to environmental changes arising from flow regulations in the Warta River downstream of the man-made Jeziorsko Reservoir. Two study sites were chosen for studies: one above the backwater (WAA) and the second in the tailwater (WAB) of the reservoir. The investigations were begun in 1988/1989 and repeated in the next three annual cycles: 1991/1992, 1992/1993 and 1995/1996. Chironomidae and Oligochaeta dominated in terms of density and biomass at both sites of the Warta River. At the beginning of the dam's functioning the pattern of macrobenthic spatial distribution was similar at both sites. But latter, in two last study summers water management resulted in a reduction of stream flows below their natural levels in the tailwater. These reductions in seasonal flow variability caused the greatest changes in biotic communities. Firstly the shoreline region in the tailwater enlarged and contracted in response to dam operations; the bottom was sometimes stranded (exposure to air) thus many macrobenthic groups were eliminated. Secondly Cladophora glomerata and macrophytes that developed in habitat several meters from the banks appeared to be responsible for substantial increase in abundance, especially of orthoclad midges. Additionally the retention of FPOM due to filtration by a dense bed of macrophytes created favourable conditions for pelophilus taxa, large sized taxa of Chironomini. Finally these mechanisms in opposite tendencies equalled - chironomids reached similar density in the backwater and tailwater.

8

Seasonal changes in macrofaunal feeding groups associated with Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. leaves in a small eutrophic lake

Kornijów R., Ścibior R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1999

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Vol. 47, no 2

135-143

EN

The epiphytic invertebrates associated with leaves of Nuphar lutea in a shallow small eutrophic Lake G?ębokie (Łęczna-W?odawa Lake istrict, eastern Poland) were pooled into one of three feeding groups: 1. algae-detritus feeders (25 taxa, average density 111 ind.x 100 cm^2), 2. vascular plant feeders (3 taxa, average density 64 ind. x 100 cm^-2), 3. predators (10 taxa, 4 ind. x 100 cm ^-2). The faunal feeding assemblages underwent clearly marked seasonal changes in their relative abundance, dominance structure and densities. The discussed mechanisms responsible for these changes included trophic conditions (development of peryphytic and planktonic algae, nutritive value of the macrophytic tissue, amount of detritus originating from decomposing leaves), so called "dilution effect" (caused by fast increase in the colonizable leaf surface during summer), and the interactions between algae-detritus feeders and predatory invertebrates.