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Ecotoxicological Hazard of Pesticide Use in Traditional Agricultural Technologies

Lishchuk Alla, Parfenyk Alla, Furdychko Orest, Boroday Vira, Beznosko Iryna, Drebot Oksana, Karachinska Nadiya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

274--289

EN

The ecotoxicological hazard assessment of pesticide use on crops was performed. The study was conducted in 2021-2023 at the experimental field of the Skvyra Research Farm of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, located in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The influence of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides on the formation of environmental hazards in crop agrocenoses was studied: experiment (1) – peas, winter wheat, buckwheat; experiment (2) – winter wheat, buckwheat, oats. The ecological risk was assessed taking into account the ecotoxic properties of the chemical active ingredients of pesticides. It was found that the main parameters characterizing the occurrence of environmental risks are: (i) the pesticide load, i.e. the amount of toxicant applied per unit of sown area; (ii) the ecotoxicity of the pesticide (LD50), which is established by hygienic standards; (iii) the persistence of the pesticide in the soil, namely, its half-life (DT50), etc. The calculations proved that the pesticides used had a low environmental risk of impact on agrocenoses. This is evidenced by the ecotoxicity index (E). The total pesticide load (ΣE) on the agrocenosis of each crop during the three years of the study (2021–2023) was calculated. It was found that in experiment (1) – ΣExperiment 1 = 0.23 conventional units (c.u.); in experiment (2) – ΣEexperiment 2 = 0.04 c.u. The results obtained indicate an insignificant environmental risk of pesticide use for experimental plots of crops of the studied farm. However, prolonged use of pesticides certainly leads to the concentration of their persistent residues in the soil. This can lead to contamination of crop products and environmental. The cereals (buckwheat and oats) grown on the farm are intended for dietary consumption. To confirm the reliability of the hypothesis of the safety of the obtained grain and cereal products, it is advisable to further study their quality in terms of pesticide residues. It is shown that this methodology can be used to assess the risk of pesticide contamination of an agroecosystem. The ecotoxicity criterion (E) can be considered as a management tool for reducing environmental risks in agroecosystems.

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Environmental Risks of the Pesticide Use in Agrocenoses and Their Management

Lishchuk Alla, Parfenyk Alla, Horodyska Іnna, Boroday Vira, Ternovyi Yurii, Tymoshenko Liudmyla

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

199--212

EN

The article is devoted to the development of methodical approaches to the management of environmental risks due to pesticide contamination of agrocenoses. An assessment of ecological risks due to the use of pesticides was carried out at the scientific research field of the Skvirskaya research station of organic production of the IAP of the National Academy of Sciences during the growing seasons of 2019–2021. The methods of assessing the ecological risks of potential pesticide contamination of agrocenoses based on the indicators of the agroecotoxicological index (AETI) and the ecotoxic impact of harmful substances (E) were used on the natural environment. It was shown that the level of environmental risk due to the use of pesticides in the research field of the station according to the weighted average indices (AETI) is characterized as low – risk, and the environmental risk due to the pesticides using is minimal. According to indicators of ecotoxicity (E), the pesticides that were used are characterized as having a low potential ecotoxic risk of impact on agrocenoses of cultivated plants. However, the total pesticide ecotoxicological load (ΣЕ = 0.425 compared to the standard EDDT = 1) indicates the possibility of disruption of ecological connectivities in the agroecosystem. One of the elements of environmental risk management can be the assessment of the pesticide load on agroecosystems and considering of the territory ability to self-clean. In order to minimize the environmental risks of pesticide contamination of agrocenoses, measures should be taken to regulate the use of chemical plant protection agents. This can be done by banning or limiting the use of pesticides that have a high level of ecotoxicity and are persistent in the soil. This will contribute to increasing the ecological safety of agro-ecosystems and the natural environment.

3

Community enhancement of the environmental quality of riverbank settlements : a case study of Tridi Kampong, Indonesia

Wahyuni Ida A. M., Weni I. M., Hariyanto Tommy, Sedyowati Laksni

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 49

204--212

EN

Resettlement programmes in riverbank areas remain an alternative solution to overcoming the problems of urban flooding, the addressing of which can also lead to reducing slums. Such programmes have many weaknesses, but even so, several countries continue to implement them. This paper will elaborate: 1) an understanding that reductions in flood risk and enhancements to environmental quality along riverbanks can be realised, without the need for resettlement, as a result of co-operation between local communities, governments and businesses; 2) the socio-economic benefits of improving the riverbank environment in Tridi Kampong, Malang City, Indonesia. This study employed qualitative and quantitative methods. The results of quantitative analysis and of interviews and direct observation indicate that collective action by the community has the greatest influence on the construction of that community’s commitment to improving the environment. Environmental improvements have resulted in significant socio-economic benefits by making the kampong a domestic and international tourism destination and drawing increased numbers of visitors to the region.

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Ryzyko i zarządzenie ryzykiem środowiskowym

Zieliński S.

Chemik

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2008

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Vol. 61, nr 11

564-566

PL

Artykuł zawiera krótki przegląd czynników ważnych w podejmowaniu decyzji środowiskowych. Podczas gdy naukowa ocena ryzyka była głównym czynnikiem dla większości prawnych i wykonawczych decyzji w zarządzaniu ryzykiem, obecnie staje się widocznym, że względy ekonomiczne, polityczne i społeczne odgrywają ważną rolę w etapach podejmowania decyzji. Wybór najlepszej techniki zarządzania ryzykiem wymaga identyfikacji i oceny korzyści, a także kosztów poszczególnych metod i uszeregowania ich według odpowiednich kryteriów. Przy wyborze kwestie społeczne, jak i percepcje i aspiracje publiczne, powinny także być brane pod uwagę. Zastosowanie przedstawionych procedur powinno umożliwić zarządzającym ryzykiem środowiskowym osiągnąć możliwe do wykonania rozwiązania i uniknąć lub rozwiązać konflikty środowiskowe, zarówno w lokalnej jak i regionalnej skali.

EN

This paper briefly reviews the factors important in environmental decision making. While the scientific risk assessment has been the primary factor for most regulatory and risk management decisions, it is now apparent that economic, political, legal and social concerns play an important roles in decision-making stages of risk management. The choice of the 'best' risk management technique is the appraisal process which involves identifying and assessment the benefits and costs of options, and then ranking those options with regard to the appropriate criteria. Social issues and the perceptions and aspirations of the public should also be considered as part of the process. Application of the presented framework should enable environmental risk managers to achieve workable solutions and to avoid or resolve environmental conflicts at both local and regional scales.