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1

Activity of Polish organisations participating in the EMAS scheme to reduce the emission of air contaminants

Nycz-Wróbel Jadwiga

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

387--404

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to present the undertakings of Polish enterprises participating in the EMAS scheme, dealing with waste and sewage management, water supply and land reclamation, implemented in order to reduce air contaminants emissions. Design/methodology/approach: The assumed research method was based on the analysis of secondary sources in form of environmental statements. The selection of sample was targeted and the research involved a complete analysis among 19 companies participating in the EMAS scheme, selected based on their business profile and dealing with waste and sewage management, water supply and land reclamation. The analysis described herein allowed to identify most common initiatives aimed at reduction of emissions ad indicate specific solutions applied in that area. Findings: Most frequent solutions include: vehicle replacement, use of renewable sources of energy, use of low-emission technologies, devices or systems, failure prevention systems, monitoring, analysis and measurement of emissions. Possibilities to apply specific solutions have been indicated considering different profiles of activity. Research limitations/implications: The fact that data in environmental reports are not uniform, which makes them difficult to analyse, is the limitation of the described research. Exemplary solutions are not provided in all environmental reports. Further research might focus on the analysis of initiatives taken by Polish manufacturing or power engineering companies in the area of waste management. Practical implications: The key input of the described research is the list of specific solutions that could be implemented in organisations with different profiles of activity in order to reduce emissions of air contaminants. Social implications: Exemplary solutions beneficial in terms of air quality improvement, and also general life quality improvement, have been presented. Originality/value: The outcome of this study may supplement previous research concerning the EMAS scheme, providing specific examples of solutions that could be implemented in organisations to reduce emissions of air contaminants.

2

Analysis of the compatibility of the development of agricultural biogas plants with Poland’s environmental policy

Bera Milena, Lewicki Wojciech

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

10--24

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyse and evaluate the compatibility of the development of agricultural biogas plants with Poland's environmental policy, particularly with regard to the promotion of RES use locally.Design/methodology/approach: The article focuses on a selected issue in the field of organization and shaping sustainable development policy. Inductive and deductive reasoning, descriptive and monographic methods were used to process the collected data. The research methodology was based on statistical measures of structure and change over time. Findings: The development of biogas plants in Poland is in line with the country's environmental policy, which focuses on increasing the share of renewable energy sources in electricity and heat production and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Practical implications: The presented study can help economic entities to make effective decisions regarding environmental protection and development of RES. Social implications: The analysis presented can help in the process of identifying the benefits of the development of agricultural biogas plants, not only for the environment, but also as an element stimulating economic development on a local and regional level. Originality/value: The presented study is a new concept for the interpretation of Poland's environmental policy in the context of supporting the development of renewable energy sources (RES) from the perspective of sustainable development.

3

Development of Renewable Energy Businesses within China’s Green Industry Framework

Korabayev Rustem, Korabayev Kazbek

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2023

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Vol. 14, No. 4

117--126

EN

The main goal of the research is to develop a set of guidelines for the development of business within the framework of the green industry, in compliance with all current environmental regulations, as applied to the realities of the current economic situation in China. The methodology basis is a combination of system analysis of the key principles of business development within the framework of environmental strategy in China with a comprehensive analysis of green industry concept as a factor limiting the activities of enterprises to avoid environmental pollution. The results obtained in the research indicate the presence of significant results in the interaction of government and business in the framework of mutually beneficial collaboration for the growth of the green industry. Chinese business structures invest in the development of “green” industrial and manufacturing technologies while ensuring the necessary level of environmental protection.

4

Effects of local policies and public goods on tourism in rural areas: Exploring spatial dependence patterns

Czyżewski Bazyli, Iaromenko Sergii, Kryszak Łukasz

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 4

1--31

EN

The main objective of this paper is to compare the effects of the occurrence of public goods versus local government expenditures on the development of touristic facilities in rural areas. The specific objective focuses on identifying patterns of spatial dependence and analysing the distance bands in which spatial effects occur, especially accounting for backwash effects. The analysis provides insight into the spillovers that are usually omitted while building spatial development plans. The robust-VCE Poisson Spatial Durbin Model based on data from the entire population of counties in Poland was used. We found that local policies, spending, and spatial planning can compensate for a lower endowment of public goods. The negative spatial effect of the occurrence of public goods generally exceeded the positive effect of clustering.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest ocena znaczenia dóbr publicznych na obszarach wiejskich dla rozwoju bazy turystycznej w kontekście wysokości wydatków samorządu terytorialnego związanych z rozwojem turystyki. Cel szczegółowy koncentruje się na identyfikacji wzorców zależności przestrzennych i analizie zakresu, w którym występują efekty przestrzenne, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem negatywnej korelacji przestrzennej, tj. efektu „wypłukiwania” zasobów (tzw. „backwash effect”). Analiza daje szczegółowy wgląd w autokorelacje przestrzenne, które są zazwyczaj pomijane przy konstruowaniu miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Posłużono się odpornym modelem Durbina (SDM) dla rozkładu Poissona estymowanym na próbie wszystkich powiatów w Polsce. Ustalono, że lokalna polityka gospodarcza, wydatki samorządowe i odpowiednie planowanie przestrzenne mogą zrekompensować mniejszą zasobność powiatu w dobra publiczne. Negatywny efekt przestrzenny występowania dóbr publicznych na ogół przewyższał jednak pozytywny efekt tworzenia klastrów turystycznych.

5

Environmental regulation, environmental policy complexity and technological innovation efficiency

Wu Shao-Hua, Wang He-Qiao, He Miao, Qin Chang

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 2

159--166

EN

Previous studies on the relationship between environmental regulation (ER) and technological innovation efficiency of defence industry (TIE-DI) mainly focus on variability and complexity, while few empirical studies have incorporated environmental flexibility into models, and most of them are based on questionnaires. Therefore, this paper takes environmental regulation and environmental policy complexity (EPC) as the entry point, so as to discuss the feasibility of improving the technological innovation efficiency of China’s defence industry enterprises (CDI), which aims to empirically test the mechanism of ER and EPC on improving the efficiency of applied technological innovation of China’s defence industry enterprises. The research conclusion provides sufficient theoretical basis and empirical support for strengthening the technical innovation efficiency support, standardising the market order and the market leading, establishing the information disclosure mechanism and improving the internal control of industrial enterprises.

6

Environmental policy stringency and its impact on air pollution in Poland

Godawska Justyna

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2021

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nr 1

52--67

EN

The article aims to assess the level of severity of the environmental policy in Poland com-pared to the selected EU countries and the impact of this level on the SO2, NOX, VOCs, CO2, and GHG emissions and premature mortality due to exposure to PM2.5. In the research based on OECD and Eurostat data, multiple regression analysis is used. The results of regression analysis do not allow for drawing unequivocal conclusions. The use of one of the selected measures of environmental policy stringency confirms the impact of this stringency on all the studied variables characterising air pollu-tion. In contrast, in the other measure, this relationship was found only for two variables. The reason for different results may be the adoption of different research periods (1990-2012 and 1994-2018) due to the availability of data.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena stopnia restrykcyjności polityki środowiskowej w Polsce na tle wybranych krajów UE oraz jego wpływu na emisje SO2, NOx, lotnych związków organicznych, CO2i gazów cieplarnianych oraz przedwczesną śmiertelność z powodu narażenia na PM2.5. W badaniach opartych na danych OECD i Eurostatu wykorzystano analizę regresji wielorakiej. Wyniki analizy regresji nie pozwalają na wyciągnięcie jednoznacznych wniosków. Użycie jednej z wybranych miar restrykcyjności polityki środowiskowej potwierdza wpływ tej restrykcyjności na wszystkie badane zmienne charakteryzujące zanieczyszczenie powietrza, natomiast w przypadku drugiej miary zależność tę stwierdzono tylko dla dwóch zmiennych. Przyczyną odmiennych wyników może być przyjęcie różnych okresów badawczych (1990-2012 i 1994-2018) wynikające z dostępności danych.

7

The view of construction companies’ managers on the impact of economic, environmental and legal policies on investment process management

Sobieraj Janusz, Metelski Dominik, Nowak Paweł

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 67, nr 1

111--129

EN

This article discusses the impact of economic, environmental and legal policies on management of the companies involved in investment projects in the area of industrial construction in Poland. Our empirical research relied on conducting a survey in a group of construction managers and experts. The survey involved 158 Polish companies from the SME sector dealing from the industrial construction. The questionnaire responses were thoroughly analysed and interpreted with the use of a method called exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The results provide an insight into successful management of investment processes realised by construction companies implementing projects in the area of industrial construction. The most important factors identified with the use of this research method turned out to be the availability of technology in a stable political system, stability of economic and tax systems, stable social policy, stability and transparency of the legal system and well-targeted environmental policies. In general, it can be stated that the effective management of industrial construction projects is influenced by the economic, environmental and legal policies of the state.

PL

W artykule podjęto temat wpływu polityki gospodarczej, środowiskowej i prawnej na zarządzanie procesem inwestycyjnym w polskim sektorze budownictwa przemysłowego. Po pierwsze, dokonano przeglądu literatury z zakresu zarządzania projektami budowlanymi. Po drugie, artykuł odpowiada na pytanie, od jakich czynników zależy skuteczne zarządzanie projektami w budownictwie przemysłowym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem 3 kluczowych obszarów, tj. czynników prawnych, ekonomicznych i środowiskowych. W tym celu przeprowadziliśmy badanie ankietowe wśród 158 przedstawicieli kadry zarządzającej MSP zaangażowanych w sektor budownictwa przemysłowego w Polsce. W kwestionariuszu uwzględniliśmy zmienne, które choć już wcześniej znajdowały swoje odniesienie w rozmaitych ujęciach teoretycznych, nigdy nie były jednak rozważane pod kątem praktyki. Wcześniejsze badania dotyczą bardziej szczegółowych zmiennych, które niekoniecznie dotykają specyfiki ekonomicznej, prawnej i środowiskowej. My wprowadzamy zestaw zmiennych, które mogą być wykorzystane do pomiaru efektywności zarządzania. Nasze badanie obejmuje 8 pytań podstawowych scharakteryzowanych przez 122 zmienne oraz 5 pytań metryczkowych. Wyniki badania ankietowego zostały zweryfikowane eksploracyjną analizą czynnikową (EFA), która pozwala na redukcję liczby zmiennych i koncentruje się na kluczowych czynnikach wpływających na efektywność zarządzania projektami budownictwa przemysłowego. W pracy staramy się również w sposób bardzo rzetelny i szczegółowy pokazać samą metodę badania EFA. Ta metoda badawcza pozwala na sprawdzenie wstępnej selekcji samych pytań w celu zaprojektowania odpowiedniego kwestionariusza.

8

The Principles of Sustainable Development and the Possibilities of Limiting the Global Effects of Smog by Medium-sized Cities Located in the European Union on the Example of Mikołów (Poland) and Żylina (Slovakia)

Czuba Michał

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2020

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Vol. 15, nr 2

111--119

EN

The urban smog has negative global effects. They are expressed in the increased mortality of people, an increase scale of respiratory diseases as well as climate changes causing negative effects in the field of agricultural crops, which results in an increase in food prices. The occurrence of these phenomena mobilizes the global community to conduct activities aimed at limiting their occurrence. Medium-sized cities can play a significant role in this respect. The element conditioning the life of city dwellers is the appropriate condition of the natural environment. In Polish and Slovak conditions, smog is becoming a problem, which negatively affects the health of citizens of these countries. Therefore, actions are taken to limit the occurrence of this phenomenon. They are described in the current ecological policy of both countries. This article tries to show on the example of the Polish commune of Mikołów and the Slovak commune of Żylina the actions taken in them to reduce air pollution and thereby reduce the phenomenon of smog. In both analysed cities, measures taken to reduce the phenomenon of smog are implemented in a planned manner and may be an inspiration for other medium-sized cities in the world having air quality problems.

PL

Występowanie smogu przynosi ujemne globalne skutki. Wyrażają się one zwiększoną śmiertelnością osób, zwiększaniem się zapadalności na choroby dróg oddechowych a także zmianami klimatycznymi wywołującymi negatywne skutki w dziedzinie plonów rolnych co skutkuje wzrostem cen żywności. Skala tych zjawisk mobilizuje społeczność światową do prowadzenia działań mających ograniczyć ich występowanie. Znaczną rolę w tym zakresie mogą odgrywać miasta średniej wielkości. Elementem warunkującym życie mieszkańców miast jest odpowiedni stan środowiska naturalnego. W warunkach polskich i słowackich problemem staje się zjawisko smogu, które w ujemny sposób wpływa na zdrowie obywateli tych państw. Podejmowane są w związku z tym działania mające na celu ograniczyć występowanie tego zjawiska. Wpisane są one w obecną politykę ekologiczną obu państw. Niniejszy artykuł próbuje pokazać na przykładzie polskiej gminy Mikołów i słowackiej gminy Żylina podejmowane w nich działania mające na celu ograniczyć zanieczyszczenie powietrza i tym samym zmniejszyć zjawisko smogu. W przypadku obu analizowanych miast podejmowane działania zmniejszające zjawisko smogu są realizowane w sposób planowy i mogą stanowić inspirację dla innych miast średniej wielkości na świecie, mających problemy z jakością powietrza.

9

Framing effect and public support for the environmental policy

Godawska Justyna

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2020

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nr 1

24--39

EN

Framing effect consists in the fact that how a problem is presented (or framed) affects the decision maker’s perception of the problem and their preferences. Public opinion about the environmental policy can vary depending on how the aims and consequences of particular policy actions or instruments are featured. The paper aims to exa‑mine how alternative ways of framing SO2 pollution problem (highlighting consequences for human health, nature and state finance) affect the public support for abatement policy (emission fees and emission trading) and bearing higher heating costs. The research made use of an experiment with students as participants. The results were analysed using the two-sample t-test. The findings suggest that highlighting the impact of environmentally damaging behaviour on human health may increase the public support for the imposition of environmental policy instruments and may encourage voluntary actions aimed to protect the environment.

PL

Efekt ramowania polega na tym, że sposób, w jaki pewien problem jest przedstawiony (ramowany) wpływa na percepcję tego problemu przez osobę podejmującą decyzję i jej preferencje. Opinia publiczna odnośnie polityki środowiskowej może się różnić w zależności od tego, jak cele i skutki poszczególnych działań lub instrumentów w ramach tej polityki są scharakteryzowane. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie wpływu alternatywnych sposobów ramowania problemu zanieczyszczenia SO2 (konsekwencje dla ludzkiego zdrowia, przyrody i finansów państwa) na poparcie społeczne dla polityki ograniczania tego zanieczyszczenia (opłat emisyjnych i handlu emisjami) oraz ponoszenia wyższych kosztów ogrzewania. W badaniach wykorzystano eksperyment, w którym uczestniczyli studenci, a wyniki analizowano przy wykorzystaniu testu t do porównania średnich. Wyniki wskazują, że podkreślanie wpływu szkodliwego dla środowiska zachowania dla ludzkiego zdrowia może zwiększyć społeczne poparcie dla wprowadzenia instrumentów polityki środowiskowej i zachęcić do dobrowolnych działań mających na celu ochronę środowiska.

10

Public Expenditure on Environmental Protection in the European Union Countries

Rokicki Tomasz, Ochnio Luiza, Koszela Grzegorz, Żak Agata, Szczepaniuk Edyta Karolina, Szczepaniuk Hubert, Michalski Konrad, Perkowska Aleksandra

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2019

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Tom 21, cz. 1

364--377

EN

The main objective of the paper was to show the level of public spending on environmental protection in the European Union countries. All European Union member states were selected for research purposefully. The research period concerned the years 2005-2017. The sources of materials were EUROSTAT data, literature of the subject. For the analysis and presentation of materials, descriptive, tabular and graphical methods, constant basis dynamics indicators, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, density diagram (nuclear estimator), Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were used. Public spending on environmental protection is gradually becoming more and more accepted by the government, as evidenced by their systematic growth. There was a very high concentration of this type of expenditure in several EU countries. The first four countries were the largest economically, namely France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy. The importance of spending on environmental protection in national budgets was low, however, there were differences between countries. In this case, the level of economic development was not decisive. A significant relationship was found between the economic situation of the country and the value of public expenditure on environmental protection. On the other hand, parameters per person were not suitable for determining interdependencies. The wealth of the society was not a decisive factor in the amount of support. In many countries, spending on environmental protection is an element of policy. Rulers are more likely to use public funds for purposes that give more visible effects and are economically effective.

PL

Celem głównym pracy było ukazanie poziomu wydatków publicznych na ochronę środowiska w krajach Unii Europejskiej. W sposób celowy wybrano do badań wszystkie kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej. Okres badań dotyczył lat 2005-2017. Źródłami materiałów były dane EUROSTAT, literatura przedmiotu. Do analizy i prezentacji materiałów zastosowano metody opisową, tabelaryczną, graficzną, wskaźniki dynamiki o podstawie stałej, współczynnik koncentracji Giniego, analiza koncentracji za pomocą krzywej Lorenza, wykres gęstości (estymator jądrowy), współczynniki korelacji liniowej Pearsona. Wydatki publiczne na ochronę środowiska stopniowo są coraz bardziej akceptowane przez rządzących, o czym świadczy ich systematyczny wzrost. Występowała bardzo duża koncentracja tego typu wydatków w kilku państwach UE. W pierwszej czwórce krajów były największe gospodarczo kraje, a więc Francja, Niemcy, Wielka Brytania i Włochy. Znaczenie wydatków na ochronę środowiska w budżetach krajowych było małe, występowały jednak różnice między poszczególnymi krajami. W tym przypadku poziom rozwoju gospodarczego nie był decydujący. Stwierdzono istotny związek między sytuacją gospodarczą kraju a wartością wydatków publicznych na ochronę środowiska. Z kolei parametry w przeliczeniu na osobę nie były odpowiednie do określenia współzależności. Zamożność społeczeństwa nie była czynnikiem decydującym o wysokości wsparcia. W wielu państwa wydatki na ochronę środowiska są elementem polityki. Rządzący chętniej przeznaczają środki publiczne na cele, które dają bardziej widoczne efekty i są efektywne ekonomicznie.

11

Programy ochrony środowiska : udział Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego w tworzeniu narzędzi do realizacji polityki ochrony środowiska

Kostrz-Sikora Paulina, Fajfer Joanna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 10

817--822

EN

Environmental protection programs are presented in the legal order of the Polish law as strategic documents for the effective implementation of environmental policy (previously ecological policy) by commune, provincial and regional administration levels. These documents provide some information about areas of the local governmental administration in an integrated manner. In addition, they permit the local authorities to manage individual components of the territorial areas in the systematized way which is focused on social, economic and legal business in accordance with the rule of sustainable development. Environmental protection programs are created under the regulations in force. They also take into account the guidelines included in the strategic documents. The most crucial part of the programs is the analysis and evaluation of current environmental components of commune areas. The factors such as demography, economics and infrastructure are also taken into consideration in these documents. Based on the diagnosis of the current state of the environment, the environmental protection strategy is established, i.e.:the main targets and the activity guide lines which are needed to achieve the tasks framed in these documents. This method has also a positive impact on the implementation of environmental programs by the commune authority, being directly translated into the effects obtained. This article discusses the legal order of creating the environmental programs, their scope and meaning for the environmental policy carried out in Poland. This also indicates the achievements of the Polish Geological Institute in the field of formulating the environmental protection programs as well as the examples of using the documents in other branches, including research activities.

12

Fiscal impacts of environmental tax reform in selected EU member states

Dyduch Justyna, Stabryła-Chudzio Katarzyna

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2019

|

nr 1

114--126

EN

The purpose of the article is to analyse if – according to environmental tax reform assumptions – there occurs an increase in environmental taxes and a concurrent reduction of other taxes (especially personal and corporate income taxes) in the selected EU member states. The group of countries was chosen basing on more significant changes in the tax structure as well as “old” and “new” EU membership. The research is based on the European Commission data and covers the period 2003 to 2015 due to the data availability. The significance of changes in taxation structure has been analysed by means of structural change degree measure. The direction of these changes has been examined using structural changes monotonicity measure. A weak trend to shift slightly from income taxes to the environmental ones has been observed only in three out of ten analysed member states.

13

Ex-ante analysis model of the cost-effectiveness of environmental policy regulations

Broniewicz Elżbieta

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2019

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Vol. 12, no. 2

119--130

EN

The paper aims to develop a model of ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis for regulations applied in environmental policy. The experience gained so far in applying cost-effectiveness analysis on an ex-post and ex-ante basis has been analysed. Major problems have been identified in the practical application of the ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis in non-investment activities. On this basis, a model for the ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis was proposed. The developed theoretical model consists of three modules: data preparation, forecasting and interpretation. The model was verified on the environmental policy regulation - greenhouse gases emissions trading system which was implemented in Poland in 2008.

14

Review of Policies for Promotion of Electric Vehicles

Obrecht M., Fale M.

Production Engineering Archives

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2018

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Vol. 21

28--31

EN

This paper presents the review of policies and their possible effects for promoting the use of electric vehicles. Suggestions on faster implementation of electric vehicles can also be identified within best practices from abroad. Various countries have adopted different policies to promote the use of electric vehicles which include fiscal or other forms of incentives that would persuade people into buying electric vehicles. Possible effects are hard to determine since many variables affect a consumer’s purchasing decisions. That is why identification of policies that have proven to be successful and those that have not achieved projected results and should be improved is necessary. Research has shown that countries with most promising policies for promotion have the biggest share of electric vehicles and invest the most in their promotion (fiscal incentives).

15

Assessment of the average rate of changes in atmospheric CO emissions in OECD countries

Adamowicz K.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2018

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Vol. 44, no. 1

97--102

EN

Air quality is crucial for human health and welfare. A large number of studies have indicated strong associations between ambient air pollution levels and adverse health effects. There is a considerable number of literature reports concerning changes in atmospheric greenhouse emissions, while relatively little is known on changes in atmospheric CO emissions. This paper presents the rate of changes in atmospheric CO emissions using the logarithmic method in the assessment of this rate. Studies were conducted based on source data from 32 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. Analyses covered the period of 2005–2012. It was found that the average rate of changes had a negative average rate for most, although not all analyzed countries. In three of the 32 countries atmospheric CO emissions increased in that period. While the intensity of these changes varied, a definite majority of the countries reduced their CO emissions, whereas Turkey, Poland and Estonia increased their emissions.

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono tempo zmian emisji CO do atmosfery z wykorzystaniem logarytmicznej metody oceny tempa. Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o dane 32 państw będących członkiem OECD. Badaniami objęto okres 2005–2012. Na podstawie wykonanych badań stwierdzono, że w większości analizowanych państw odnotowano średnie tempo zmian charakteryzujące się ujemnym wektorem tych zmian, ale nie dotyczyło to wszystkich. W trzech państwach odnotowano wzrost emisji CO do atmosfery. W analizowanym okresie zdecydowana większość państw w różnym tempie, ograniczała emisję CO do atmosfery, natomiast Turcja, Polska i Estonia zwiększały tempo emisji tego związku chemicznego.

16

Problems with economisation of the environmental policy in Poland

Graczyk A.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2017

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nr 1

38--48

EN

The aim of this paper is to identify and assess the main problems with economisation of the environmental policy in Poland. The first part presents the significance of economisation in setting the environmental policy objectives, the second part indicates the problems with economising the activities pursued by the entities which create and supervise the policy, and the third part points to the problems with economising the policy instruments. The Polish environmental policy was oriented towards using aid from the European Union to the maximum possible extent. After 2020, this source of funding will play a minor role. In order to economise the environmental policy, the environmental law needs to be amended and the role of economic and market instruments of this policy must increase.

17

Priorities and new challenges of the local environmental policy in the Silesia region

Lorek A.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2017

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nr 1

115--126

EN

The main aim of this paper is to assess the implementation of the main priorities of the local environmental policy in the Silesian province, and to identify new areas of action undertaken by local authorities in the field of environmental policy. The basic research methods used in the paper include the analysis of the literature and available data on the environment condition in the Silesian province and primary data obtained through surveys conducted within statutory research: Department of Environmental Management and the Department of Social and Economic Policy at the University of Economics in Katowice, within the years of 2012 and 2015. Based on the obtained results, three priority groups were determined: I. “traditional”, which included issues related to water and wastewater management and municipal waste management, II. a constant low level in the hierarchy of local authorities’ priorities – issues related to the revitalization and rehabilitation of brownfield sites, noise protection and ecological construction; III. “emerging” with the greatest increase in the rank awarded by the local authorities – the problems of creating a low carbon economy and air protection, the protection of ecosystem services in urban areas, flood protection.

18

Dilemmas of environmental programming in the context of sustainable development

Janikowski R.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2017

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nr 1

49--59

EN

The analysis of the existing dilemmas as well as methods of environmental programming indicates clearly that radical change is needed, not only procedural, but above all in institutional management. This change should be linked with the proposed by the Ministry of Regional Development reform, with almost revolutionary development management system change. It should be achieve by adequate strategic planning of the development of Poland. Equally important is to organize the substantive content of the various “green” policies. Cardinal factor causing disorder in the Polish strategic programming is the lack of guidance document, a document which is kind of foundation of the whole edifice of development programming. It should be a strategy for sustainable development of the Poland. Without it, “we are all lonely rudder and sailors”.

19

Ochrona różnorodności biologicznej obszarów wiejskich w świetle zapisów gminnych programów ochrony środowiska

Ratajczyk N., Wolańska-Kamińska A.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2015

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T. 15, z. 3

113--125

PL

Jednym z ważniejszych współczesnych globalnych problemów środowiskowych jest zmniejszanie się różnorodności biologicznej. Gminne programy ochrony środowiska mogą stanowić istotne narzędzie, służące jej ochronie na szczeblu lokalnym. Celem badań była ocena ochrony różnorodności biologicznej w zapisach programów ochrony środowiska gmin o dużych walorach przyrodniczych. Badania przeprowadzono w 20 gminach województwa łódzkiego, dla których przeanalizowano treść aktualnych programów ochrony środowiska. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że najwięcej odniesień dotyczy ochrony, utrzymania i zwiększania zasobów leśnych, takie zapisy pojawiły się w prawie wszystkich dokumentach. Innym ważnym działaniem na rzecz zachowania różnorodności biologicznej, planowanym w badanych gminach, jest wspieranie istniejących i powoływanie nowych obszarów chronionych. Jednak zbyt ogólnie sformułowane harmonogramy finansowe nie gwarantują wypełnienia tych zapisów. W związku z tym niezbędne są dalsze badania dotyczące stopnia realizacji programów ochrony środowiska w zakresie ochrony różnorodności biologicznej.

EN

The loss of biodiversity is one of the most important contemporary global environmental problems. Commune environmental protection programmes can be an important tool for biodiversity conservation at local level. The aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity conservation measures in environmental programmes of communes with high natural values. The study was based on the analysis of environmental protection programmes, in 20 communes of the Łódź region. Results of the study indicate that most references relate to the protection, maintenance and development of forest resources; such records appeared in almost all documents. Another important biodiversity conservation measure is the support of the existing and establishment of new protected areas. However, too general financial schedules do not guarantee the fulfilment of these tasks. Therefore, more research is needed to assess implementation of the programmes.

20

An overview of municipal solid waste management in Poland. The current situation, problems and challenges

Alwaeli M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 41, nr 4

181--193

EN

An overview of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Poland has been presented. The processes of waste generation and composition have been described and a comprehensive review of MSWM in Poland has been provided, covering some of the important aspects of waste management, such as the current status of waste collection, transport and disposal in Poland. An additional aim of the present work was to identify the potential barriers and the factors affecting waste management as well as provide recommendations for system improvement in Poland and other similar developing countries. An analysis shows that the state of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Poland is not yet as developed as in many other EU countries. Landfilling is still the predominant method used for the disposal of MSW. Composting and incineration are also used but refer only to a small percentage of the total. According to the latest data (31st December 2014), around 84% of MSW was collected and transported and that ca. 53% was disposed of in landfill, ca. 7% was incinerated at waste-to-energy plants, ca. 11% was treated at organic waste recovery plants and 23% was delivered to sorting. The average generation rate of MSW was 293 kg/capita/year. Generally, recycling in Poland is on the increase, especially concerning easily collectable and recyclable materials such as paper, plastics, glass and metals. Around 37% of MSW collected selectively is recycled.