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1

Determination of rational design values for gas-air coolers components of exhaust gases of marine power plants

Kuznetsova Svitlana, Kuznetsov Valerii, Voloshyn Andrii

Polish Maritime Research

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2023

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nr 3

81--88

EN

Modernisation of marine power plants in the transport vessel fleet to satisfy the requirements of the International Maritime Organization is an urgent scientific and technical problem. Currently, the use of catalytic selective filters, dry and wet scrubber systems and exhaust gas recirculation for marine diesel engines is widely used for this purpose. An analysis of the use of ejection gas-air coolers is presented as an additional method of emission reduction. However, the use of such device does not neutralise the harmful emissions of power plant engines, but only increases the volume concentration of their exhaust gases. But this will help to increase the efficiency of dispersion of harmful emissions, by reducing the concentration of harmful emissions to values not exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. Its efficiency depends on the load mode of the diesel engine. It is found that the initial concentration of harmful substances in combustion products due to their dilution with fresh air at 100% engine load is reduced by about 50%. The values of the reduction of the concentration and temperature of exhaust gases with the reduction of the engine load to 75% and 50% depending on the louvre angle are obtained. It is proved that ejection gas-air coolers can be an effective additional means for compliance with modern environmental parameters, especially when vessels are in special areas of the world’s oceans.

2

The impact of northern Adriatic ports container throughput on air quality environmental parameters

Vilke Siniša, Tadić Frane, Ćelić Jasmin, Debelić Borna

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2022

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nr 71 (143)

123--131

EN

This paper seeks to highlight the impact of the increasing container throughput in northern Adriatic ports on air quality. A comparative analysis of air quality is given, which consist of certain environmental parameters at selected measuring stations near the container terminals of the northern Adriatic ports Rijeka, Trieste, Koper, and Venice. The parameters were analyzed based on a limited amount of air quality monitoring data for the port areas. As the port transport sector increases pollutant emissions, the results of these analyzes can also be used to take appropriate measures to reduce these particulate matter emissions. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of increasing the container throughput within the ports of the northern Adriatic Sea on air quality, based on certain environmental parameters related to the shipping or delivery of containers by road. The results of the research, based on available data, have shown that the increase in container throughput of the northern Adriatic ports has not decreased the air quality of urban areas of the respective port cities. The air quality value of the northern Adriatic ports is substantially below the limits set by the EU Air Quality Directive (2008/50), thus it does not affect the health of the inhabitants of the analyzed cities.

3

Effects of fishing and environmental parameters on the commercial bony fish assemblage in the southern Caspian Sea

Fazli Hasan, Kaymaram Farhad, Daryanabard Gholam Reza

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 1

90--99

EN

Since the 1990s, anthropogenic activities have been the major direct or indirect threats to the structural and functional organization of the unique ecosystem of the Caspian Sea (CS). This study attempts to investigate the relationships between fish community structure and environmental parameters and to analyze the Abundance Biomass Comparison (ABC) in the CS. The input data, including catch data by species and environmental parameters, were collected from 1996 to 2017. Of the 13 bony fish species identified, only two species Rutilus kutum and Chelon aurata accounted for 47.14% and 62.65%, and 40.80% and 29.34% of CPUE and NPUE, respectively. DisTLM revealed that five environmental variables showed a significant linear relationship with the NPUE resemblance matrix. Based on the AIC criteria, the combination of year, precipitation, SST_Apr, SSL, SST, GTA, Iranian rivers, and Volga discharges explain 80.3% of the total variability. Based on the ABC curves and W statistics, it was concluded that the fish assemblage was environmentally stressed from 1996 to 2003. The Shannon diversity index (H′) showed a decreasing trend, suggesting that fish species have been exposed to increasing stress over the past 22 years. Considering the current environmental conditions (downward trend in SSL river discharge and increase in SST) and anthropogenic activities, it appears that the downward trend will continue in the future.

4

Temporal variations of phytoplankton community and their correlation with environmental factors in the coastal waters of the Çanakkale Strait in 2018

Demir Egemen ̇Inan, Turkoglu Muhammet

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (1)

176--197

EN

In order to investigate temporal variations in phytoplankton connected with hydrography, high-resolution (twice a week) samplings were carried out between January and December 2018 at a single, shallow water station in the Dardanelles. Diatoms dominated in early and mid-winter, late spring and early summer, and between August and October. Whereas dinoflagellates dominated in the period from mid-February to the end of the third week of May, mid-summer, and late autumn. Other groups were generally more abundant in the early summer and mid-autumn than any other period. Late spring and early summer, mid-autumn and middle winter were the important bloom periods. The average contribution of diatom abundance (5.00 × 105±7.80 × 105 cells L−1) to average total phytoplankton abundance (9.63 × 105±7.88 × 105 cells L−1) was above 50% (average: 51.88%) during the year except spring (34.32%). However, the average contribution of dinoflagellates (43.32±20.69%) and others (4.81±6.99%) to the total phytoplankton abundance were lower than the abundance of the diatoms (51.88±21.61%). The study revealed a decrease both in the total number of algal blooms which also included HABs and their densities in the region compared to the previous findings. These observations seem to evidence environmental status improvement of the investigated area, manifested in an average chlorophyll a concentration (0.71±0.52 µg L−1) and quantitative phytoplankton structure (103 to 105 cells L−1).

5

Distribution and ecological growth conditions of Utricularia australis R. Br. in Ukraine

Orlov Oleksandr O., Fedoniuk Tetiana P., Iakushenko Dmytro M., Danylyk Ivan M., Kish Roman Ya., Zymaroieva Anastasiia A., Khant Galyna А.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 48

32--47

EN

The study shows the biodiversity of Utricularia australis from western to northern regions of Ukraine. The environmental conditions of Ukraine are favourable for the spread and formation of phytocenosis involving U. australis, especially on thermoclimatic, cryothermal and continental scale. A broader range of the species’ relation to humidity has been recorded. The research outcome shows the existence of the species in conditions from shallow, parched reservoirs to deep water habitats which allows the species to withstand temporary drying of reservoirs in summer periods. The resilience of U. australis to some water quality parameters, including nitrogen, phosphorus, iron content, colour, pH and organic contamination was higher than in previous studies and Tsyganov’s ecological scales. Thus, due to its wide range of tolerance to the majority of environmental factors, U. australis tends to spread in contemporary climatic conditions in Ukraine. Considering that the species has category “vulnerable” in the country and is listed in the red data book of Ukraine, its conservation status is likely to be revised further.

6

Ultrasonic microcontroller device for distance measuring between dustcart and container of municipal solid wastes

Bereziuk Oleh, Lemeshev Mykhailo, Bogachuk Volodymyr, Nurseitova Karlygash, Bugubayeva Alina

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2019

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R. 95, nr 4

146--150

EN

In the paper structural diagram of the device and block scheme of microcontroller control algorithm for measuring distance have been proposed. The main characteristics of the proposed device are provided. The results of experimental tests are shown for measuring distance with consideration of environmental parameters. The results of experimental studies, presented in the work, confirm reliability of the parameter being measured.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono schemat konstrukcyjny urządzenia oraz schemat blokowy algorytmu sterowania mikrokontrolerem do pomiaru odległości. Podano główne cechy proponowanego urządzenia. Wyniki badań eksperymentalnych przedstawiono dla pomiaru odległości z uwzględnieniem parametrów środowiskowych. Przedstawione w pracy wyniki badań potwierdzają wiarygodność mierzonego parametru.

7

Spatio-temporal variations in sulfur-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacterial activities during upwelling, off south-west coast of India

Kamaleson A. Sam, Gonsalves Maria-Judith, Kumar Swatantar, Jineesh V. K., LokaBharathi P. A.

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (4)

427--444

EN

The Arabian Sea, off SW India, is becoming more anoxic in recent years. Poor ventilation affects microbial degradation of organic matter in the oxygen minimum zone (≤ 2.85 ml l-1 O2, ≤ 0.02 μM NO2) and the anoxic marine zone (≤ 0.09 ml l-1 O2, ≥ 0.5 μM NO2). We posit that one of the reasons at the microbial level could be due to a more prominent increase in sulfate-reducing activity (SRA), than sulfur-oxidizing activity (SOA). Hence, the objective was to measure the extent to which SOA can counter the effect of SRA. We, therefore examined these activities along with relevant environmental variables from 2009 to 2011 off Kochi (9.55°N-75.33°E) and Trivandrum (8.26°N-76.50°E), covering the three phases of upwell-ing. SRA was measured radiometrically using 35S, and SOA by iodometry. Off Kochi, the SOA of the water column increased 6 x (194-1151 μM d-1) and SRA 4 x (13-54 nM d-1) from phase I to III. Off Trivandrum, the increase in SOA was 1.7 x (339-560 μM d-1) and SRA 7 x (24-165 nM d-1) contributing to the build-up of reducing/oxidizing conditions. This increase in SOA moderates the effect of increase in SRA. Besides, the average concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nitrite off Trivandrum were 1.80 ± 1.66, 1.48 ± 1.55, 1.93 ± 1.86 ml l-1 and 0.14 ± 0.14, 1.69 ± 0.67, 0.34 ± 0.42 μM during the three phases respectively. Hence, it is suggested that the coastal waters examined in this study could probably be between oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and anoxic minimum zone (AMZ) in patches temporarily. The present paper highlights the interactions between sulfate-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing activities, during upwelling for the first time in these waters. These observations give an important and timely insight into the implications.

8

Short-term variation of zooplankton community in Cintra Bay (Northwest Africa)

Berraho Amina, Abdelouahab Hinde, Baibai Tarik, Charib Said, Larissi Jamila, Agouzouk Aziz, Makaoui Ahmed

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (3)

368--383

EN

This is the first study that describes the spatial-temporal distributions of the zooplank- ton community and potential control factors in Cintra Bay. Zooplankton were sampled using a bongo net, 150 μm mesh size, during two surveys, in autumn 2015 and spring 2016, extending from the coast to the open sea. Fourteen zooplankton groups were identified, where copepods represented 49.1% and 92.5% of the total abundance in autumn 2015 and spring 2016, respectively. Tintinnids accounted for 39.7% and 4.7%, respectively. The total zooplankton abundance was higher in autumn (55 992 ind m-3) than in spring (2123 ind m-3). Nineteen species of copepods, belonging to 14 families, were identified. Euterpina acutifrons and Oithona nana were the most common and abundant species. The Acartiids were represented by three species (Acartia clausi, A. tonsa and A. bifilosa) in autumn and one species in spring (A. clausi). The copepods diversity was significantly different between the two seasons showing high values at the entrance and the center of the bay in autumn 2015 and in the southern half of the bay in spring 2016. The copepod structure was characterized by 13 species at different degrees of contribution in autumn 2015. In spring 2016, only four species qualified as indicator species although their contribution was not significant. Given its large opening on the ocean, Cintra Bay benefits largely from the conditions of the oceanic environment, particularly the upwelling. This situation is likely to have an impact on the spatiotemporal variability of the composition and distribution of zooplankton, especially the copepods.

9

Dynamic of Filamentous Cyanobacteria in the Dam Ain Zada (North of Algeria)

Samia Charifi, Tarek Merad, Zohra Guellati Fatma, Hassen Touati, Mourad Bensouilah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

97--110

EN

At present, harmful cyanobacterial efflorescence in Algerian water bodies used for drinking water are dominant throughout the year and their management requires a better knowledge of the cyanobacteria dynamics and the environmental parameters related to their dominance. The Ain Zada reservoir is a home of 5 genera. The occurrence frequency estimation of the identified genera shows the constancy of Planktothrix, the regularity of Aphanizomenon, Pseudanabaena and Cylindrospermopsis and the rarity of Oscillatoria. The dominant genus Planktothrix is represented exclusively by Planktothrix agardhii; this species showed the highest proportion rates in winter (95.61%), spring (94.80%) and autumn (80.29%) and the lowest in summer (29.16%). Planktothrix agardii abundances show positive relation with suspended solids and chlorophyll a and negative relation with the depth of Secchi disc. The blooms of the potential toxinogenic Planktothrix agardhii and Cylindrospermopsis are related negatively. The results from cyanotoxins and pigments characterization showed a strong positive relation of Planktothrix agardhii abundance with microcystins (MCs) and phycocyanin (PC) concentrations. Indeed, in Ain Zada dam, we found that MCs contents have positive relation with water temperature and pH and a negative relation with NO3. Our results show that – except for the months of March, October and November – the monthly abundances of cyanobacterial population recorded in Ain Zada dam exceeded the alert level 2. The filamentous species found in this dam are of great concern, as they are able to synthesize toxins harmful to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Further research is needed to confirm the presence of other cyanotoxins (e.g. cylindrospermopsin) in Ain Zada dam.

10

Floristic Structure of Two Batrachium Rich Plant Communities in Relation to Habitat Conditions in Rivers of Lithuania

Butkuvienė J., Sinkevičienė Z., Naugžemys D., Žvingila D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 1

1--13

EN

Ranunculus sect. Batrachium is one of the most complicated taxonomic groups of aquatic plants. Difficulties of aquatic Ranunculus species delimitation according to morphological features are closely related to recognition of their communities, especially in running waters. The diversity of species in the phytocoenosis characterized by the predominance of Ranunculus species and the main physical-chemical factors of water were studied at 15 sites of 10 different-sized rivers of Lithuania. The rivers have met the criteria of the threatened habitats type 3260 (the EU classification). The communities dominated by R. fluitans and R. pseudofluitans were recorded in different river systems and were not found growing together. The environmental conditions also well separated the two communities. The association Ranunculetum fluitantis was distributed in the rivers on silicate substrates, in the waters with significantly higher flow velocity, but in about twice lower conductivity and alkalinity compared to community with Ranunculus pseudofluitans. The latter was found in the river situated in the gypsum karst area covered by watertight clay, with waters of higher alkalinity, conductivity, concentration of calcium ions and rich in nitrogen compounds. Abundance of nutrients (concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen) negatively affected abundance of both Ranunculus species.

11

Rejestrator wybranych czynników środowiskowych na Raspberry Pi

Sadowski E.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

1285--1288, CD

PL

W artykule omówiono i przedstawiono zbudowany układ dokonujący rejestracji wybranych czynników środowiskowych t.j. temperatura (w zakresie -55 ÷ +125°C), wilgotność (0 ÷ 100%) i ciśnienie (300 ÷ 1100hPa). Dzięki tym informacjom możemy wyznaczyć punkt rosy, odnotować skrajne przypadki warunków klimatycznych, które najczęściej powodują uszkodzenia urządzeń elektronicznych. Zastosowany popularny minikomputer typu Raspberry Pi 3 wyposażony jest w port GPIO posiadający m.in. 1Wire, SPI czy I2C umożliwiający podłączenie różnych rodzajów przetworników. Całość pracuje jako niezależne urządzenie oparte na systemie Linux i komunikuje się z otoczeniem m.in. poprzez sieć Wi-Fi. W niniejszym artykule zostały także zaprezentowane wyniki z przeprowadzonych pomiarów.

EN

The article discusses how the system of registration of selected environmental factors was described: temperature (-55 ÷ +125°C), humidity (0 ÷ 100%) and pressure (300 ÷ 1100hPa). With this information we can determine the dew point, note the extreme cases of climatic conditions, which often cause damage to electronic devices. The popular Raspberry Pi 3 include GPIO port. 1-Wire, SPI or I2C for connecting different types of transducers. The whole works as an independent device based on Linux and communicates with the environment, among others. via WiFi. This article also presents the results of the measurements.

12

Możliwości i ocena użyteczności narzędzi teleinformatycznych służących kontroli parametrów środowiskowych w transporcie towarów spożywczych

Rychlicki M., Kasprzyk Z., Kamińska J.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

1582--1587, CD

PL

W artykule dokonano przeglądu i oceny narzędzi oraz technologii teleinformatycznych służących do kontroli parametrów środowiskowych podczas transportu żywności. Zawarto krótki opis regulacji prawnych wydanych przez Unię Europejską oraz zawartych w przepisach krajowych, które standaryzują wymagania i sposoby kontroli nad przewozem żywności. Omówiono jakie parametry muszą być monitorowane dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa i jakości towarów oraz przedstawiono wybrane urządzenia pomiarowe i rejestrujące. Przedstawiono narzędzia i technologie teleinformatyczne, które w tym celu są obecnie wykorzystywane, wymieniono ich wady i zalety oraz dokonano ich porównania i oceny.

EN

The paper describes and evaluates the various tools and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) solutions that are used to monitor environmental parameters during transportation of food by land. Contains a brief description of the legal regulations issued by the European Union and the Polish legislation that are related to standardization of monitoring of environmental parameters. ICT technologies, which are used to achieve mentioned goals, are analyzed and compared in this paper. Their most common use cases, advantages and disadvantages of ICT are also described.

13

Phytoplankton distribution and variation along a freshwater-marine transition zone (Kızılırmak River) in the Black Sea

Baytut Ö., Gönülol A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 4

453--465

EN

Both phytoplankton of the Kizilirmak River/Black Sea transition zone and their interactions with nutrients were investigated between July 2007 and December 2008. A total of 447 taxa belonging to the divisions: Cyanobacteria (24), Bacillariophyta (209), Bigyra (1), Cercozoa (1), Charophyta (11), Chlorophyta (32), Cryptophyta (11), Miozoa (119), Euglenozoa (14), Haptophyta (13), Ochrophyta (10) and Protozoa Incertae Sedis (2) were identified at 5 different sites in the study area. Seventy four taxa were recognized as new records for the Algal Flora of Turkey and 41 taxa were determined as HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom) organisms. According to the hierarchical clustering and MDS analyses, surface phytoplankton were distributed along the salinity gradient from freshwater to saline waters, and the early spring samples were separated from the other samples. However, in addition to the agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis, the samples were divided into four groups – “Fresh”, “Brackish”, “Marine” and “Early spring-Marine” – as a result of MDS analysis. The results of this study revealed that the surface phytoplankton were influenced by the salinity and the Secchi Disc depth together with the seasonal water temperature dynamics and NO3-N concentrations throughout the research period.

14

Parametry środowiskowe oraz procesowe fermentacji metanowej prowadzonej w trybie ciągłym (CSTR)

Kozłowski K., Dach J., Lewicki A., Cieślik M., Czekała W., Janczak D.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2016

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Nr 50

153--160

PL

Kluczowym wskaźnikiem procesu fermentacji metanowej, rzutującym na opłacalność funkcjonowania biogazowni, jest wydajna produkcja metanu w przeliczeniu na 1 m3 objętości czynnej reaktora. Zależy ona w dużej mierze od właściwego doboru parametrów środowiskowych oraz procesowych. W niniejszej pracy zebrano i przeanalizowano wpływ najważniejszych parametrów fermentacji metanowej prowadzonej w trybie ciągłym (CSTR), do których zalicza się temperaturę, pH, zawartość składników pokarmowych i stosunek C/N w podawanym podłożu, występowanie inhibitorów oraz obciążenie objętościowe reaktora fermentacyjnego, czas retencji i mieszanie reaktora fermentacyjnego. Nadal jednak wpływ wielu czynników pozostaje nieznany, stąd istnieje konieczność dalszych, kompleksowych badań.

EN

A key indicator of methane fermentation process which influences the cost-effectiveness of the biogas plant is efficient production of methane per 1 m3 of reactor. It depends on a proper selection of environmental and process parameters. This article present collected and analyzed effect of most important parameters of continuous methane fermentation (CSTR), which include temperature, pH, nutrient content and the C/N ratio in the feed medium, the presence of inhibitors, and the volume load of reactor, retention time and mixing of digestion reactor. Still, the impact of many factors remain unknown, hence there is a need for more comprehensive studies.

15

Tailwater habitat stability after dam removal and return to a natural hydrological regime

Tszydel M., Kruk A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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Vol. 44, No. 3

410--425

EN

The study was conducted from 2000 to 2003 in the tailwater of the Drzewieckie Lake, an artificial reservoir in Central Poland. Short-term peaks in water flow were generated for the purpose of the operation of a whitewater slalom canoeing track built just downstream of the dam. In 2002, the reservoir was drawn down. The patterns in habitat samples were recognized with a Kohonen’s unsupervised artificial neural network (SOM). The SOM spatial gradient was stronger than the SOM temporal gradient, which shows that the removal of the studied dam did not have a destructive impact on habitats’ features, as shown in other studies, and that the patchy nature of the riverbed has been maintained. The complete emptying of the Drzewieckie Lake took place at the beginning of the vegetation season, which allowed plants to cover the exposed bottom of the reservoir and, consequently, reduce the downstream flow of organic matter accumulated there. Patterns in the displacement of aquatic macrophytes, inorganic substratum and different fractions of particulate organic matter are discussed. The amount of dissolved oxygen decreased because of the lack of intensive water discharge from the reservoir into the river, which would result in high water turbulence. Results of this study are important for planning the ecologically sound dam removals.