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1
Content available remote Modern restoration of degraded water reservoirs in Warsaw
EN
Five small and legally unprotected water reservoirs in Warsaw urban parks were bioremediated in 2022. The reservoirs were monitored for initial water quality, baseline sediments, and dissolved O2 levels before and after bioremediation. Subsequent monitoring showed a significant decrease in sediment thickness and an improved water transparency, particularly in smaller ponds. The larger size like with higher load showed however a comparable transparency level to the initial state. The successful redn. of sediment and prevention of algal blooms under scored the effectiveness of the applied bioremediation methods. The importance of regular monitoring and active management to maintain water qual. and biodiversity in urban aquatic ecosystems were high lighted.
PL
Działania bioremediacyjne w zbiornikach wodnych w Warszawie skon centrowały się na kilku małych i niechronionych prawem RDW (Ramowa Dyrektywa Wodna) zbiornikach w parkach miejskich, w tym w Parku Skaryszewskim (Stawy Kacze, Staw na Kosku, Jezioro Kamionkowskie), stawie na Skwerze Olgi i Andrzeja Małkowskich oraz Stawie nr 3 w kompleksie Stawów Brustmana. Projekt obejmował monitoring ja kości wody i pomiary osadów w maju 2022 r. przed rekultywacją oraz po zastosowaniu remediacji mikrobiologicznej w maju 2023 r. Wyniki monitoringu w maju 2023 r. wykazały znaczne zmniejszenie grubości osadów i poprawę przejrzystości wody, zwłaszcza w mniejszych stawach. Jednakże Jezioro Kamionkowskie, ze względu na swoje większe rozmiary i wyższe obciążenie, wykazało porównywalne poziomy przejrzystości wobec początkowych pomiarów. Skuteczna redukcja grubości osadów i zapobieganie zakwitom glonów podkreślają efektywność zastosowanych metod bioremediacyjnych.
EN
The main objective of this study has been to measure and evaluate changes in the values of metrics applied to environmental management systems implemented in rural areas in the years 2010 and 2022. The study included three provinces in Poland representing different socio-economic development classes. Two strategic research groups were distinguished within the provinces: rural municipalities and rural areas in urban-rural municipalities. With the Perkal method, a synthetic indicator was constructed to measure environmental performance in rural areas. The Pearson correlation coefficient was applied, leading to the results which substantiated the conclusion that the highest improvement of the environmental management indicator value was achieved in the province at the highest socio-economic development level, even though the sub-indicators did not improve between 2010 and 2022 in all the analysed groups. The management of the environment is a task mostly delegated to local governments. Proposing an environmental monitoring method can support making decisions at the level of local governments as regards directions in the management of the environment in a given area because the synthetic indicator created in this study comprises only these elements that can be moulded by actions undertaken by local governments.
PL
Głównym celem badań był pomiar oraz ocena zmian w poziomie wskaźników kształtujących środowisko obszarów wiejskich w latach 2010 i 2022. Badaniami objęto trzy województwa reprezentujące odmienne klasy rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. W województwach wyróżniono dwie grupy strategiczne badań: gminy wiejskie i obszary wiejskie w gminach-miejsko-wiejskich. Z wykorzystaniem metody Perkala skonstruowano syntetyczny wskaźnik pomiaru kształtowania środowiska na obszarach wiejskich. Za pomocą współczynnika korelacji Pearsona udało się uzyskać wyniki pozwalające na stwierdzenie, że w najwyższym stopniu poprawa syntetycznego wskaźnika kształtowania środowiska nastąpiła w województwie o najwyższym poziomie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego, mimo, że wskaźniki cząstkowe nie we wszystkich badanych grupach uległy poprawie w okresie od 2010 do 2022 roku. Kształtowanie środowiska to w znacznej mierze zadanie samorządowe. Wskazanie metod monitorowania środowiska może być pomocne w podejmowaniu decyzji na poziomie samorządów co do kierunków kształtowania środowiska na danym obszarze, bowiem zaproponowany wskaźnik obejmuje tylko te elementy, na które mogą mieć wpływ działania podjęte przez samorządy.
EN
The paper presents selected outputs of the scientific research activities of its authors in the field of implementation, intensification, and standardization of environmental management systems for technological enterprise practice. Aspects of environmental-economic continuity were examined in assessing technological inputs in the form of cost accounting for material and energy flows and the level of environmental quality of transformation processes in the input-output enterprise system. On the basis of these aspects, a model for accounting for the costs and revenues of individual processes was proposed and standardised. The methodological approach to cost accounting consists of ten key elements arranged in Deming’s cycle of continuous improvement with a closer specification of their purpose, function, and content. The basis for modelling and quantifying material and energy flows is the determination of input/output points, processes, and the determination of quantification nodes for evaluation in physical and monetary units. For each quantity node, costs for the system and waste management must also be quantified. Energy costs, system costs, and waste management costs are divided into product and material losses from production cost data for each quantity node. Summarisation and integrated presentation of cost data were proposed to utilize cost matrices and Sankey diagrams. Further benefits of using environmental cost accounting for material-energy flows in production were also specified.
EN
The article outlines practical implications associated with the development and implementation of the REACH regulation. Following the introduction of this legal act, the system for managing the safety of chemical substances throughout the European Union has been harmonised and based on the principles of registration, evaluation and authorisation. These rules apply to all types of substances, preparations and products available on the market. Their importance in reducing the environmental impact of hazardous substances, including explosives, should be considered particularly important. The study inter alia analyses the advantages of applying the REACH system to mining explosives (dynamites and emulsion explosives), including in particular a comprehensive analysis of the environmental effects of the use of this type of substances, carried out according to unified criteria specified in the provisions of the regulation. On the other hand, the major drawback of the adopted regulations is the failure to take into account the conditions associated with the safety of the working environment in the discussed legal act.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono praktyczne konsekwencje związane z opracowaniem i wdrożeniem regulacji rozporządzenia REACH. W następstwie wprowadzenia tego aktu prawnego nastąpiło ujednolicenie systemu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem substancji chemicznych na obszarze całej Unii Europejskiej i oparcie go na zasadach rejestracji, oceny i udzielania zezwoleń. Zasady te odnoszą się do wszelkiego rodzaju substancji, preparatów i wyrobów znajdujących się w obrocie handlowym. Za szczególnie istotne należy uznać ich znaczenie w zakresie ograniczenia środowiskowych oddziaływań substancji niebezpiecznych, do których zalicza się materiały wybuchowe. W ramach rozważań podjętych w pracy analizie poddano zalety zastosowania systemu REACH względem górniczych materiałów wybuchowych (dynamitów i materiałów wybuchowych emulsyjnych), do których zaliczyć należy w szczególności kompleksową analizę skutków środowiskowych zastosowania tego rodzaju substancji prowadzoną wedle ujednoliconych kryteriów ustalonych poprzez przepisy rozporządzenia. Z kolei na najistotniejszą wadę przyjętych regulacji uznać należy nie uwzględnienie w ramach omawianego aktu prawnego uwarunkowań związanych z bezpieczeństwem środowiska pracy.
EN
Purpose: Reducing negative environmental impacts attracts a lot of attention among company managers around the world, which is related not only to fostering the idea of sustainable development, but also introducing the concept of circular economy. It includes sourcing and purchasing managers that are responsible for the cooperation with suppliers. One of the concepts related to this kind of cooperation is Green Supplier Development (GSD). The purpose of this article is to determine the scope of implementation of the GSD concept in production companies operating in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The author adopted mixed research design approach. The research methods used in this study are the systematic literature review and a survey conducted using the Computer-Aided Telephone Interview technique (CATI). The reviewed literature is directly related to the concepts of GSD and green supplier evaluation that can be used to select suppliers for GSD programs. The empirical study focuses on the practical aspects of GSD implementation. Findings: The results concern the scope of implementation of the GSD concept, including company involvement in GSD programs, conducting GSD activities, and selecting suppliers for collaboration in the area of GSD. Furthermore, conducting GSD activities might be seen as a part of the cycle that might result in continuous improvement of environmental performance and continuous reducing of the negative environmental impact. Practical implications: The main implication for business is related to the participation in GSD programs. If only the minority of companies in the sectors studied participate in such programs, then this kind of participation might be a source of competitive advantage. Social implications: The main implication for government is related to facilitating possibilities of organising or participating in GSD programs or conducting GSD activities, such as tax reliefs for companies investing in this kind of operation. Originality/value: The originality of this paper lies in determining the scope of implementation of GSD concept and using GSD practices in Poland.
EN
The authors analyse the standardisation of risk management as an effective tool for the safety of design solutions in residential construction. The analysed regulatory documentation answers the question of achieving an acceptable level of risk. Within the framework of improving environmental management, the use of specific penalties looks quite natural. However, the primary purpose of ISO 14001 is to form a responsible attitude toward the environment and natural resources as the most crucial assets of economic activity. The article raises the issue that domestic standards cannot thoroughly guide risk analysts due to their lack of development and inconsistency with ISO 31000:2018 and ISO 14001:2016. It is necessary to develop a unique approach to risk assessment, de facto describing the interaction of different scenarios, which will ensure an increase in the environmental and economic effects in the field of housing safety.
EN
Life Cycle Assessment, included in company environmental management methods, has particular importance in marketing management. Analysis of dangers to the environment through tools such as the LCA method allows for comparisons of alternative company management strategies. LCA is characterised as a technique for environmental management that enables environmental impact assessment of the product, process, industry, and even the comprehensive economic sector. LCA also influences decisions regarding environmental policy modification, but most importantly, it influences a company's marketing activities. The LCA technique is applied the world over with great effectiveness in studying specific phases of a product's life cycles – from 'birth to death'; however, Poland's experience in this domain constitutes continuously developing research areas. The experience of foreign research centres confirms the possibility of applying LCA techniques in supporting environmental risk assessment of innovative technologies where LCA is used to study the environmental impact of a new generation product, i.e. flocculants from polymer wastes. This article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of applying a new generation of polyelectrolyte (gained from polystyrene waste) in treating industrial wastewater and the LCA environmental impact assessment, which was carried out using SimaPro software. Based on the analysis of the results of the application of sodium salts of sulfone derivatives of polystyrene in the treatment of mine water, it was found that these products significantly reduced the pollution indicators of mine water from KWK1. Accordingly, they provided the basis for the development of technical-scale technology.
EN
The main goal of the research is to develop a set of guidelines for the development of business within the framework of the green industry, in compliance with all current environmental regulations, as applied to the realities of the current economic situation in China. The methodology basis is a combination of system analysis of the key principles of business development within the framework of environmental strategy in China with a comprehensive analysis of green industry concept as a factor limiting the activities of enterprises to avoid environmental pollution. The results obtained in the research indicate the presence of significant results in the interaction of government and business in the framework of mutually beneficial collaboration for the growth of the green industry. Chinese business structures invest in the development of “green” industrial and manufacturing technologies while ensuring the necessary level of environmental protection.
10
Content available remote Corporate environmental management in the context of digital transformation
EN
Managers and the market place a higher importance on environmental management of businesses as sustainable development becomes the focus of attention. At the same time, the digital economy has become the most dynamic and emerging mode of economic development, driving future business trends and technological innovations. This special issue of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S (ECE S) collects 6 articles focusing on the challenges and problems in the digital transformation and corporate environment management, which aims to share and discuss the recent advances and future trends of theory and application in academia, and to bring practical implications and experience in industry developers.
EN
Purpose: The research aims to investigate the effect of the process parameter of progressive freeze concentration to eliminate tricholorophenol in wastewater. Design/methodology/approach: A stainless steel crystallizer was used throughout the experiment. Simulated wastewater containing trichlorophenol (TCP) was used as a sample solution, and ethylene glycol was utilized as a coolant to induce the heat transfer at a very low temperature. Progressive freeze crystallization (PFC) is an approach to purify water by implementing the fundamental concept of difference freezing point. In short, the PFC system produces ice-crystal layer by layer on a cooled surface until it forms a large and single-crystal block, leaving the impurities in the mother liquor. Findings: It is established that operating time and initial concentration influence the PFC performance. The findings show that the intermediate operating time gave the highest removal of TCP in wastewater. Meanwhile, for the effect of initial concentration, it was discovered that the lowest initial concentration resulted in the best TCP reduction with high purity of the water was obtained. Research limitations/implications: The results can be complemented by studies of the effect of coolant temperature and solution movement. These two parameters are believed to potentially improve the PFC performance. Practical implications: The findings can be implemented to select the optimal operating condition to treat the wastewater, especially in the industrial area with hazardous TCP. Originality/value: The obtained results testify to the predominant influence of operating time and initial concentration on the PFC performance in eliminating TCP in wastewater.
EN
Seaports and cities are internally linked, and the port can have a strong influence on the city, especially in the environmental aspect. Port authorities around the world are striving for greener forms of port management to adapt to state policy and to increase their economic and environmental competitiveness. The introduction of the concept of sustainable development in the port can stimulate the creation of green cities. This paper uses a case study to analyze the sustainable development in the Twin Port of Bremen. The aim is to distinguish the green port’s impacts that can stimulate the development of the green city concept. It is shown that the port development stimulates GDP growth, increases employment, urban infrastructure development, and the overall enrichment of port cities. Using the presented analysis of the green port, the most important affecting factors are proposed.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the results of research on solutions that can be implemented by the Gdynia Sea Port to allow it to obtain the title of a Green Port. The conducted research concerned a broad area, i.e., the identification of initiatives taken by seaports distinguished as Green Ports and other possible solutions consistent with the ideas of sustainable development. The article focuses on solutions for the Gdynia Sea Port, which, despite the implementation of many pro-ecological initiatives, does not have the official title of a Green Port. Seaports serve many modes of transport, but they are currently dominated by road transport. The activities of seaports located in urban agglomerations significantly contribute to the emission of air pollutants, noise, congestion, and other factors, which directly affect the health and quality of life of its inhabitants. The research process involved a critical literature analysis, the method of deduction, and a structured interview with representatives of the seaport in Gdynia. Based on the conducted research, areas important for obtaining the title of Green Port were identified, including increased investments in renewable and alternative energy sources, as well as a focus on the implementation of intelligent solutions.
EN
This paper discusses the use of satellite tracking during an environmental disaster at sea, and it assesses the possibility of using remote sensing imagery captured by satellites using multispectral cameras and synthetic-aperture radar (SAR). This study is based on scientific literature and satellite tracking of the X-Press Pearl container ship disaster, which involved the EO-Browser platform. The purpose of this paper is to assess selected remote sensing methods for detecting and tracking marine pollution. The first part of the paper discusses satellite tracking of the X-Press Pearl disaster. The second part focuses on evaluation of the quality of remote sensing imagery from satellites and aircraft, when taking weather conditions into consideration. It should be noted that the research was conducted in real time when the incident occurred. News about the accident was also tracked in real time, allowing for a thorough analysis of the incident and, thus, an assessment of the different sensing systems. Although research on such disasters is crucial for the protection of the marine environment, scientific literature on this topic remains limited. This research area is very important for the protection of the marine environment, in the context of looking for solutions to these issues.
15
Content available remote State of the art review on air quality monitoring
EN
This article gives a broad overview of common air pollutants mainly occurring in metropolitan environments. Starting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ending with particles matter concentration (PM). The main characteristics of air pollutants and areas of occurrence are discussed. Special attention was given to the acceptable ranges of occurring contaminants by discussing the main EU/WHO normative recommendations. The main area of review of the state of the art in air pollution monitoring was limited to the last few years. The shown direction of development of modern measurement systems towards low-cost sensors working in the structures of the Internet of Things reflects the latest development trends in monitoring of climatic parameters.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono szeroki przegląd zanieczyszczeń powietrza występujących głównie w środowiskach miejskich. Począwszy od lotnych związków organicznych (LZO), a skończywszy na stężeniu cząstek stałych (PM). Omówiono główne cechy zanieczyszczeń powietrza i obszary ich występowania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na dopuszczalne zakresy występujących zanieczyszczeń, omawiając główne zalecenia normatywne UE/WHO. Główny obszar przeglądu stanu wiedzy w zakresie monitoringu zanieczyszczeń powietrza ograniczono do ostatnich kilku lat. Wskazany kierunek rozwoju nowoczesnych systemów pomiarowych w kierunku tanich czujników pracujących w strukturach Internetu Rzeczy odzwierciedla najnowsze trendy rozwojowe w monitorowaniu parametrów klimatycznych.
EN
Urban ecosystem services refer to all the benefits of nature especially to the urban community and economy for maintaining human well-being. This concept links to the economic, community and environmental aspects and shows how nature conservation is important for human and economic principles. However, the view of urban ecosystem services assessment based on essential categories with current urban development is provided. So, this paper reviews the aim to analyze the types and assessing the categories of urban ecosystem services and the methodological used in ASEAN countries. Furthermore, understanding studies about urban ecosystem services are important in long-term studies for monitoring purpose. As a result, 8 out of 10 ASEAN countries excluding Laos and Brunei have studied urban ecosystem services. In this context, the result also shows the most studies specify the significance of the ecosystem services given by the urban as regulating (waste absorption, climate regulation, water purification, flood regulation, and disease control) and followed by cultural (tranquility, social relations, and recreation). Thus, exploring urban ecosystem interaction in current ASEAN countries may have added benefits in terms of improving the urban ecosystem services to streamline the urban area planning. Finally, we conclude that all the ASEAN countries should play an important role to make sure the countries maintain sustainable and more livable with the right policies and guidelines like can fit in Paris Agreement especially in Climate Strategies and plans.
XX
Usługi ekosystemów miejskich odnoszą się do wszystkich korzyści płynących z natury, zwłaszcza dla społeczności miejskiej i gospodarki, wspomagając utrzymanie ludzkiego dobrostanu. Ta koncepcja łączy się z aspektami ekonomicznymi, społecznymi i środowiskowymi oraz pokazuje, jak ważna jest ochrona przyrody dla ludzi i ekonomii. Dokonano oceny usług ekosystemów miejskich w oparciu o podstawowe kategorie przy obecnym rozwoju miast. Dokonano przeglądu celów analizy rodzajów i oceny kategorii usług ekosystemów miejskich oraz metodologii stosowanych w krajach ASEAN. Należy podkreślić, że zrozumienie badań dotyczących usług ekosystemów miejskich jest ważne w długoterminowej perspektywie, do celów monitorowania. Okazuje się, żee 8 na 10 krajów ASEAN, z wyjątkiem Laosu i Brunei, zbadało usługi ekosystemów miejskich. Większość badań określa znaczenie usług ekosystemowych świadczonych przez miasto jako regulujących (pochłanianie odpadów, regulacja klimatu, oczyszczanie wody, regulacja przeciwpowodziowa i kontrola chorób), a następnie kulturowych (spokój, relacje społeczne i rekreacja). W związku z tym badanie interakcji ekosystemów miejskich w obecnych krajach ASEAN może przynieść dodatkowe korzyści w postaci poprawy usług ekosystemów miejskich w celu usprawnienia planowania obszarów miejskich. Wszystkie kraje ASEAN powinny odgrywać ważną rolę w zapewnieniu, że kraje te wspierają zrównoważony rozwój i będą bardziej przyjazne do życia dzięki odpowiednim politykom i wytycznym, takim jak mogą zmieścić się w Porozumieniu Paryskim, zwłaszcza w strategiach i planach klimatycznych.
EN
Companies are increasingly aware that employees are an important factor in success, so they pay more and more attention to them. Because of that, organizational culture and normative commitment are also included as extremely important factors. The research includes a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature and at the same time obtaining and analysing data from practice through a survey. The research focuses on employees from the logistics departments in the supply chain of electronic component production and supply. Group of companies across Europe were included in the survey (Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia and Ukraine). The research demonstrates the realization that the types of classification of organizational culture have different effects on direct and indirect normative commitment. Gender differences were also found. The research-based on the calculated average mean values shows the classifications of organizational culture and normative commitment. The latter follows the organizational culture with minor deviations. The order of classification of organizational culture follows the current economic situation, where according to the studied criteria, the first is a culture of the market. The research shows that men’s rate of normative commitment is better than women's, while in organizational culture the situation is exactly the opposite. One of the most significant findings is based on the Pearson correlation coefficient with the SPSS program was found that, according to the classification, Hierarchy culture has a positive effect on indirect normative commitment.
EN
The article analyses the problems (dilemmas) in approach to the environmental protection and management. EU has declared the plan for the Great Reset of global economy and environmental politics. The idea is not new, but the approach is expected to be completely different. While the EU leaders set the strategy of centralisation, there are strong claims for opposite way – decentralisation. The second dilemma we analyse in our article is the problem of European Commission massive support of green investments (including using of renewable sources of energy and focus of environmental protection), especially after lockdowns connected with covid pandemic which meets with the strong negative position of those economical circles which see such types of initiatives as green shooting to the economy. Terra Carta as an integral part of Sustainable Markets Initiative was launched in 2020. The third dilemma we pay our attention is connected with the efficiency of new environmental taxes. The article focuses also on the good practice as can be seen in environmental protection management efforts and green solutions for using and saving energy resources. As an examples we assess the projects supporting use of renewable energy in Africa (e.g. Lights for Africa), Cradle to Cradle Program (C2C) and we go back to the Come2CoM. The whole is analysed in the context of corporate social responsibility.
EN
In the present research, a scripting cartographic technique for the environmental mapping of Ethiopia using climate and topographic datasets is developed. The strength of the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) is employed for the effective visualisation of the seven maps using high-resolution data: GEBCO, TerraClimate, WorldClim, CRUTS 4.0 in 2018 by considering the solutions of map design. The role of topographic characteristics for climate variables (evapotranspiration, downward surface shortwave radiation, vapour pressure, vapour pressure deficit and climatic water deficit) is explained. Topographic variability of Ethiopia is illustrated for geographically dispersed and contrasting environmental setting in its various regions: Afar, Danakil Depression, Ethiopian Highlands, Great Rift Valley, lowlands and Ogaden Desert. The relationships between the environmental and topographic variables are investigated with aid of literature review and the outcomes are discussed. The maps are demonstrated graphically to highlight variables enabling to find correlations between the geographic phenomena, their distribution and intensity. The presented maps honor the environmental and topographic data sets within the resolution of the data. Integration of these results in the interpretation maps presented here brings new insights into both the variations of selected climate variables, and the topography of Ethiopia.
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