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Instytucja opłaty z tytułu usuwania drzew i krzewów w polskim porządku prawnym

Harat Andrzej

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 1 (21)

38--45

EN

In Polish legislation, there are various legal grounds for paying environmental fees. One of the legislative solutions that provides for this type of economic and legal instrument is the removal of trees and bushes from real estate, which is the subject of this article. The econo- mic consequences of such activities are specified in the Nature Conservation Act of April 16, 2004. Apart from specifying the amount of fees due, the above mentioned legal regulation contains detailed substantive and procedural solutions relating to this type of activity. As a rule, the removal of a tree (bush) from the property requires a permit, which is usually is- sued by the head of the commune (mayor). The fee required to pay is the product of the number of centimetres of a tree trunk at the height of the so-called breast diameter (130 cm) and the rate indicated in the executive regulation to the act. In the case of bushes, the fee is calculated on the basis of the size of the area they occupy. A characteristic feature of the discussed financial instruments in the Polish legal system were the inconsistent and relatively frequent, especially in recent years, changes in the legal sta- tus presented in the article. Initially, they were characterized by rapid liberalization of the ap- plicable regulations, which was reflected in the waiver of the obligation to obtain permission in the form of an administrative decision, and complete deformalisation of activities related to the removal of a tree (bush) from the property owned by natural persons, if the tree (bush) was removed for purposes not related to running a business. Then, it was noted that this ty- pe of regulation did not sufficiently control the process. As a result, the provisions were amended again. This time they were based on a compromise solution, which was the obliga- tion to report one’s intention to remove a tree or a bush to a competent authority.

2

Methane – fuel gas. Opportunities and threats

Łukaszczyk Zygmunt

New Trends in Production Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

430--438

EN

Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been an intensive restructuring of hard coal sector in Poland. In this process, successive mines are being decommissioned, most of which are characterized by considerable methane content. The vast majority of hard coal mines in Poland, including all the mines belonging to Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa S.A. are highly methane mines. This means that the air flowing out of the mine shafts contains a certain concentration of methane, the size of which depends on the amount of air and the amount of methane-filled air, which is emitted into the mine excavations. In 2019 alone, nearly 807 million m3 of methane was released from the rock mass affected by mining, out of which only 195.6 million m3 were used economically. This publication presents and characterizes projects involving the extraction and economic use of methane from both active and decommissioned mines. The paper also points out the legal and administrative conditions in which projects related to methane extraction and utilization can be implemented. The paper presents measurable benefits from demethylation not only in terms of improving the safety of coal extraction, but mainly economic and ecological aspects. Above all, attention was paid to the fact that the vast majority of methane was irreversibly emitted to the atmosphere to the detriment of the natural environment.

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Głos w dyskusji dotyczącej opłat za pobór wody podziemnej i powierzchniowej

Kłoss-Trębaczkiewicz H., Osuch-Pajdzińska E.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2016

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Nr 11

422--425

PL

Zwiększenie opłat za pobór wód powierzchniowych i podziemnych w znacznym stopniu może wpłynąć na taryfy za wodę i odprowadzanie ścieków dla ludności. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na specyfikę przedsiębiorstwa wodociągów i kanalizacji wynikającą z wykonywania przez to przedsiębiorstwo zadań własnych gminy z zakresu gospodarki komunalnej. Przedstawiono podstawowe tezy, które były przede wszystkim brane pod uwagę przy wprowadzaniu ustawy o zbiorowym zaopatrzeniu w wodę i zbiorowym odprowadzaniu ścieków oraz konsekwencje proponowanych zmian taryf.

EN

An increase of the charges for an abstraction of surface and underground waters may have a significant impact on tariffs for water abstraction and wastewater discharges for households. The article focuses on the unique character of the water supply and sewerage enterprises which results from the fact that these enterprises carry out the own tasks of the municipalities within the framework of communal economy. The basic thesis have been presented which were taken into account at the moment of an introduction of the Act on the collective water supply and sewerage discharge as well as the consequences of the proposed changes of the tariffs.

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Environmental fees. Polish case study

Rogulski M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 41, nr 2

81--97

EN

Some economic aspects of taxes and fees for the use of the environment have been discussed. The Polish environmental charge system is taken into account as an example of the tax system. The types of charges levied for use of the environment have been indicated as well as the persons and entities that must pay, rules of payment and the legal background in Poland. The revenues generated from environmental taxes have been shown on the example of European Union countries. Based on statistical data for Poland, the most important sources of revenue derived from fees for use of the environment were identified and analyzed both in terms of the type of payment as well as the geographical distribution of the entities which are charged.

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Obowiązki fiskalne przedsiębiorców względem środowiska i ich wpływ na strategię finansową przedsiębiorstwa : wybrane problemy

Ciupek B.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2014

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nr 2

145--165

PL

Za cel podjętych rozważań przyjęto przedstawienie uwarunkowań konstruowania przez władzę publiczną instrumentów fiskalnych służących ochronie środowiska oraz ocenę ich wpływu na strategię finansową obciążonych nimi przedsiębiorstw. Realizacji tak postawionego celu służyć będą rozważania teoretyczne prowadzone zarówno w aspekcie możliwości i oczekiwań władzy publicznej konstruującej instrumenty, jak i oceny ich oddziaływania na szeroko rozumianą strategię finansową przedsiębiorstw je ponoszących. Rozważania w tym zakresie zostaną wsparte wynikami przeprowadzonego wśród przedsiębiorców badania ankietowego.

EN

The subject of this reflections is to outline a fiscal obligations contributing to environmental protection and the issues related to its functioning. The goal of this discussion is to present both sides of this problem – determinants of constructing – by public authorities – the fiscal instruments supporting natural environment on the one side, and the assessment of their impact on financial strategies of companies as a tax payers on the other. To achieve stated objective a theoretical considerations as well as questionnaire survey were conducted.

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Wpływ opłat środowiskowych wynikających z parametrów jakościowych węgla na koszty produkcji energii elektrycznej

Grudziński Z.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2011

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T. 27, z. 1

115-127

PL

Struktura wytwarzania energii elektrycznej w ostatnich latach nie uległa zasadniczym zmianom. 93% energii jest obecnie produkowane z węgla kamiennego i brunatnego. Istotny wpływ na koszty wytwarzania mają opłaty związane z gospodarczym korzystaniem ze środowiska. W artykule przedstawiono problem wpływu opłat środowiskowych wynikających z parametrów jakościowych węgla na koszty produkcji energii w energetyce zawodowej. Przedstawiono badania symulacyjne wpływu trzech parametrów jakościowych (Q, A, S) na koszty opłat środowiskowych. Większe możliwości symulacji obliczeń uzyskano dzięki opracowanym wzorom zależności między parametrami jakościowymi węgla. W obliczeniach uwzględniono także opłaty związane z NOx, CO, CO2. Odpowiednie wyliczenia pokazano zarówno w przeliczeniu na 1 tonę spalanego węgla, jak i na 1 MWh wyprodukowanej energii.

EN

The structure of electricity production in Poland has not changed dramatically recently. Approximately 93% of electricity is currently produced from coal and lignite. Environmental charges have a significantly impact on costs of production. This paper analyses the impact of environmental charges influenced by coal quality on the production cost of power generation. A simulation of the impact of coal quality (Q, A, S) on the environmental charges was carried out. The study was extended by the analysis based on improved relationship between coal quality and emission charges. The calculations included also charges related to the NOx, CO and CO2. The results are presented per 1 ton of coal burned and per 1 MWh of electricity produced.