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Malacological indicators of anthropogenic and natural environmental changes of the Podhale Basin during the last 2000 years. Studies in the Rogoźnik Stream valley (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł, Skoczylas-Śniaz Sylwia, Laskowska Paulina

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 3

261--280

EN

The lithological and malacological studies covered sediments forming the low terrace of the Rogoźnik Stream in the northwest part of the Podhale Basin. This terrace is characterised by a uniform structure within a significant part of the valley. Three layers of gravel and four layers of sandy and silty muds were found there. A rich and diversified malacofauna was discovered in fine-grained sediments. Its analysis allowed us to characterise environmental conditions during sediment deposition. The age of the individual components of the sedimentary sequence was determined by radiocarbon dating. A distinct change was found in the upper intervals of the sequence, corresponding to the warm phase of the Medieval Climate Optimum. This period is associated with the robust development of agriculture, and processes related to human activities became the main factor shaping the environment, influencing the course of geological processes, and changing the taxonomical and ecological structure of the fauna and flora assemblages found in this area.

2

Application of malacological analysis to reconstruct climate fluctuations and human activity during the Middle and Late Holocene. Research in the valley of the Grajcarek stream (Pieniny Mts., southern Poland)

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 1

85--102

EN

The scope of this analysis included fluvial sediments of the low terrace of the Grajcarek stream in the Małe Pieniny Mts. (Western Carpathians). The structure of the terrace has been surveyed in five profiles. The sedimentary sequence includes alternating layers of gravel and calcareous mud with a maximum thickness of up to 2.2 m. A rich and varied malacofauna has been found in the mud. The age of the sediments was determined using the radiocarbon method. The sediments that make up the terrace cover the younger part of the Middle Holocene and the entire Late Holocene. The analysis of the malacofauna has allowed for the characterization of environmental changes. The most important of them dates back to the Middle Ages and is associated with the phase of intensive settlement in the Pieniny Mts.. It is indicated by deforestation and the related change in the composition and structure of malacocoenoses manifested by the replacement of forest communities by ones with open-country species. Gravel horizons are records of flood periods correlated with wet climatic phases. It is possible to distinguish six such phases covering the following periods: 6600–6100 y cal BP, 5500–5100 y cal BP, 4500–4100 y cal BP, 3200–2300 y cal BP, 2000–900 y cal BP and 400–200 y cal BP. They correspond to the periods of increased fluvial activity of rivers, intensification of mass movements, advances of alpine glaciers and the increase in the water level in lakes.

3

Sozologia we współczesnych naukach o Ziemi i praktyce gospodarczej - wybrane aspekty

Gałaś Andrzej, Abramowicz Anna, Gałaś Slávka, Kot-Niewiadomska Alicja, Misz-Kennan Magdalena

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 11

826--833

EN

Known mostly in Poland, formulated by Prof. W. Goetel, the science - called sozology perfectly corresponds to today's pro-environmental activities developing worldwide. Sozology combines both concern for the precious values of primeval nature and the management of areas transformed by man. It includes civilization changes, climate change, and access to natural resources. The article discusses four main research directions: 1) protection of the natural environment and mineral resources, 2)rational spatial management, 3) post-exploitation management of industrial areas, 4) analysis and prevention of environmental changes. The authors point to the need to integrate specialists from various fields who can jointly solve environmental problems.

4

Molluscan assemblages in sediments of a landslide on Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland) – phases of development and environmental changes

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 1

51--68

EN

A detailed malacological analysis was made of sediments associated with a small landslide which had developed on the north-eastern slope of Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland). The age of the development and environmental changes associated with particular phases of the landslide was determined by means of radiocarbon dating. The analyses made it possible to distinguish two periods of landslide activation falling on the turn of the Early/Middle Holocene and on the Late Holocene (probably on the Iron Age Cold Period). These phases are closely related to periods of increased mass movements, both of landslides and debris flows in other European mountains, stages of glacial advance in the Alps, periods of increased fluvial activity in rivers and elevated water levels in European lakes. The molluscan assemblages also enabled the reconstruction of environmental conditions before the landslide formation, during periods of dormancy, and after the end of its activity.

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Application of malacological analysis to reconstruction of regional and local environmental changes : the Cisowa Skała locality (the Carpathians, southern Poland)

Skoczylas-Śniaz Sylwia, Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 1

art. no. 5

EN

An isolated limestone hill (Cisowa Skała), located in the Podhale Basin in southern Poland, has yielded mollusc shells and small vertebrate bones in deposits filling small karst forms such as rock shelters, characteristic molluscan assemblages can be identified, the succession of which reflects changes in the environment and also microhabitat variations depending on local factors, such as slope exposure and type of vegetation. These local factors markedly affect regional environmental trends determined primarily by climate change and, during the last several hundred years, also by human activity. Such malacological analysis enables effective palaeogeographical reconstructions, both on the scale of geographical regions and for microhabitats.

6

Wykorzystanie wkładów ceramicznych w systemach rekuperacji ciepła

Grzebielec Andrzej, Szelągowski Adam, Bruzi Krzysztof

Szkło i Ceramika

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2021

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R. 72, nr 2

32--36

PL

Zajęcia dydaktyczne prowadzone są w salach wykładowych zwykle dostosowanych od strony technicznej do prezentowanych treści. Zainstalowane są systemy audiowizualne i nagłaśniające. Niestety w wielu przypadkach sale lekcyjne projektuje się pod kątem klimatyzacji i wentylacji, podobnie jak pomieszczenia biurowe. W efekcie, podczas zajęć, nawet w pomieszczeniach z klimatyzacją, warunki zmieniają się na tyle niekorzystnie, że zarówno nauczyciel, jak i uczniowie odczuwają dyskomfort. W pracy przeanalizowano zmiany temperatury, stężenia CO2, stężenia PM2,5 i wilgotności względnej w pomieszczeniu, w którym zyski ciepła od ludzi i urządzeń oraz zyski wilgoci przekraczają wartości projektowe. W pracy wykorzystano bezkanałowy rekuperator Respireco o pracy cyklicznej. Najpierw sprawdzono właściwości termodynamiczne samego rekuperatora, a następnie przetestowano go w wybranej polskiej szkole podstawowej. Wyniki pokazują, że tego typu rekuperatory są w stanie zapewnić prawidłowe warunki klimatyczne w salach wykładowych. Zastosowanie wentylacji mechanicznej z wykorzystaniem rekuperatora z ceramicznym odzyskiem ciepła spowodowało, że podczas zajęć stężenie CO2 w pomieszczeniu spadło o 50%. Stężenie PM2,5 utrzymywało się na poziomie trzykrotnie niższym niż w pomieszczeniu bez wentylacji mechanicznej. Należy zatem stwierdzić, że zastosowanie wentylacji mechanicznej z rekuperacją nie tylko obniża koszty ogrzewania, ale także znacząco poprawia jakość powietrza.

EN

Classes are conducted in lecture rooms usually technically adapted to the content presented. Audio-visual and sound systems are installed. Unfortunately, in many cases, classrooms are designed for air conditioning and ventilation, just like offices. As a result, during classes, even in air-conditioned rooms, the conditions change so badly that both the teacher and the students feel discomfort. The study analyzed changes in temperature, CO2 concentration, PM2.5 concentration and relative humidity in a room where heat gains from people and devices as well as moisture gains exceed the design values. The work uses a channelless Respireco recuperator with cyclical operation. First, the thermodynamic properties of the recuperator itself were checked, and then it was tested in a selected Polish primary school. The results show that this type of recuperator is able to provide proper climatic conditions in lecture halls. The use of mechanical ventilation with the use of a recuperator with ceramic heat recovery resulted in the reduction of CO2 concentration in the room by 50% during the classes. The concentration of PM2.5 remained three times lower than in the room without mechanical ventilation. Therefore, it should be stated that the use of mechanical ventilation with recuperation not only reduces heating costs, but also significantly improves air quality.

7

Płytki ceramiczne. Badania mikroskopowe tekstur w odniesieniu do wytrzymałości na zginanie

Gąsiński Arkadiusz, Ducka Agnieszka, Tymowicz-Grzyb Paulina, Kamiński Jacek

Szkło i Ceramika

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2021

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R. 72, nr 3

40--43

PL

Płytki gresowe są wytwarzane głównie z glinki kaolinowej, kwarcu i skaleni. Wiele właściwości technicznych, w tym odporność na zginanie, są związane z teksturą materiału w skali mikroskopowej. Najważniejszymi cechami są: zawartość, rozmiar i kształt różnych ziaren, w tym większych ziaren kwarcu, kryształów mullitu, fazy amorficznej bogatej w krzemionką i porowatości. Zrozumienie zależności pomiędzy mikrostrukturą a odpornością na zginanie może prowadzić do opracowania efektywniejszych metod wytwarzania cieńszych płytek o większych wymiarach.

EN

Porcelain tiles are sintered ceramic material made mainly from ball clays, quartz and feldspars. Many technical feateurs, including bending strength, are related to the microtexture of porcelain stoneware. Most important features are content, size and shape of different grains. These include large particles of filler (quartz), mullite crystals, a silica-rich amorphous phase and porosity. The understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and the bending strength of porcelain stoneware can lead to the development the manufacturing of thinner tiles with higher dimensions.

8

The foraminiferal record in the Holocene evolution of the Mecklenburg Bay (south-western Baltic Sea)

Kostecki Robert, Radziejewska Teresa

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 2

169--183

EN

Foraminiferal assemblages were analyzed in a 620-cm long core retrieved from the central part of the Mecklenburg Bay (MB, south-western Baltic Sea) to aid in the reconstruction of environmental changes occurring in the area during the Holocene and to complement a set of previously investigated palaeoenvironmental proxies. A total of five foraminifera-based stratigraphic units were identified, including an initial 80-cm thick layer devoid of foraminifera. The next two units featured an increasing abundance of the foraminiferal assemblage dominated by the calcareous Ammonia group species. Nearly all the calcareous foraminifera found in the core were decalcified. Following the maximum abundance within the 470–410 cm layer, the foraminiferal abundance declined sharply and the assemblage’s dominance structure changed to domination of the agglutinated foraminiferal species, Eggerelloides scaber, which continued up to the top of the core and marked a pronounced shift in environmental conditions (shallower depth, lower salinity, more dynamic sedimentation conditions). The foraminifera-based stratigraphy of the core proved to be complementary to that emerging from previous analyses of diatoms and sediment geochemistry.

9

Geospatial potential and environmental changes : case study of complex nature of the Altai Geopark

Kocheeva Nina A., Iurkova Natalia A., Sukhova Mariia G., Redkin Aleksndr Germanovich, Zhuravleva Olga Valerevna

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 49

273--281

EN

The geopark Altai has a set of unique geological, geographical, and archaeological objects. Its basis is made by geological space with a specific relief that plays an important role, and on certain sites, it takes the first place in comparison with other types of objects. The peculiar feature of the geopark Altai is that in its territory there is a landscape connection among archaeological, geological, and geographical objects, which at certain sites is penetrated by mental and cultural fluids causing a deep interest of tourists in this territory. In this regard, the authors consider the relief as an object of cognitive, educational, and practical activities of the geopark Altai. Therefore, the following tasks were set up: to find a site for the realization of several types of activities by the geopark and to develop a theoretical scientific and a popular science base for their implementation. As a result of the work done, the authors allocated the site within the boundaries of the geopark Altai where modern dynamics of the relief are characterized by the maximum speed. On this site, it is possible to recreate the processes that created the relief in the geological past and to study these processes now. The specifics of weather and climatic conditions in this region made its relief very important for economic activity of the population inhabiting this territory. Therefore, as of today, the study of the condition of certain surface sites and forecasting the development of relief-forming processes is an important part of any activity on the described territory. The long-term geological, ecological, geographical, and archaeological research conducted by the authors on the territory of the Altai Republic served as materials for this study. The geological materials were collected by the methods adopted in this field of research (field survey of structures and rocks, cartographic methods, analysis of general geological data, and others). The ecological and geographical results were obtained using geochemical, hydrochemical, analytical, and others.

10

Natural and anthropogenic changes in the environment during the Holocene at the Kraków region (Southern Poland) from study of mollusc assemblages

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 1

art. no. 9

EN

Malacological analysis was used to reconstruct Holocene environmental changes from profiles of calcareous tufa and fluvial deposits exposed in the Kobylanka stream valley, several kilometres west of Kraków in southern Poland. The abundant and diversified mollusc fauna was characterized by clear variability within the vertical succession where five types of molluscan assemblages were distinguished. The pattern of sedimentary and molluscan facies allowed characterization of two main intervals of environmental change during Holocene. In the lower interval, until the end of the Middle Holocene, human activity was not detected and environmental processes were controlled by natural factors. In the upper interval, corresponding to the Late Holocene, human impact can be seen, in the form of rapid deforestation and agricultural development. Anthropogenic impact has been particularly evident during the last millennium. The mollusc assemblages studied allowed accurate reconstruction of natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the natural environment.

11

Mollusc faunas of lake deposits in Gorzów Wielkopolski (NW Poland) as an indicator of environmental changes during Eemian and Early Weichselian

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł, Skoczylas Sylwia, Sobczyk Artur, Stefaniak Krzysztof, Kotowski Adam, Przybylski Bogusław, Ciszek Dariusz, Badura Janusz, Urbański Krzysztof

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 3

art. no. 36

EN

During the construction of the S-3 road near Gorzów Wielkopolski, a sedimentary succession of the Eemian Interglacial and the older part of the Weichselian Glaciation were exposed. The succession, ~22 m thick, consists of lacustrine and fluvioglacial deposits. Lake sediments, mainly calcareous gyttja with peat intercalations, represent the infills of two palaeolakes. The almost complete skeleton of a forest rhinoceros, Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, and a bone of the fallow deer Dama dama were found in the older lake deposits. Mollusc shells were numerous in both lake sequences, analysis of which revealed two types of assemblage, representing the coastal, littoral zone of a shallow lake with a muddy bottom. The sequence of mollusc communities observed in vertical succession allowed reconstruction of environmental changes during deposition. Several hydrological changes have been recognized within the palaeolake, especially water level fluctuations probably due to climate change.

12

Malakofauna martwicy wapiennej we wsi Rybna koło Krakowa (południowa Polska) jako wskaźnik zmian środowiska południowej krawędzi wyżyny krakowsko-częstochowskiej

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2021

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nr 478

1--14

PL

Liczne skorupki mięczaków znaleziono w odsłonięciu martwic wapiennych we wsi Rybna k. Krakowa. W 12 próbkach rozpoznano występowanie ponad 2500 okazów należących do 49 gatunków. W obrębie sekwencji malakologicznej możliwe było wydzielenie trzech zespołów faunistycznych. Najstarszy z nich (fauna M) odpowiada chłodnemu okresowi wczesnego holocenu i reprezentuje zacienione siedliska o dużej wilgotności, porośnięte krzewami lub rzadkimi lasami o znacznym udziale drzew iglastych. Jego cechą charakterystyczną jest obecność gatunków typowych dla zimnych faz klimatycznych. Drugi, młodszy zespół (fauna F) jest typowy dla ciepłego i wilgotnego klimatu fazy atlantyckiej. Charakteryzuje on siedliska zwartych lasów mieszanych i liściastych. Pojawiają się tu liczne formy o wysokich wymaganiach termicznych. Najmłodszy zespół (fauna O) wskazuje na rozległe antropogeniczne wylesienia na obszarze depozycji martwic wapiennych. Ta zmiana cech siedlisk przyrodniczych była prawdopodobnie związana z fazą intensywnego zasiedlenia okolic wsi Rybna i rozwoju rolnictwa we wczesnym średniowieczu.

EN

Numerous molluscan shells were found in an outcrop of calcareous tufa in the village of Rybna near Kraków. In 12 samples, over 2500 specimens belonging to 49 taxons were found. Three types of molluscan assemblages can be distinguished within the malacological sequences. The oldest of them (M-type fauna) corresponds to the cold period of the Early Holocene and represents shady habitats of significant moisture, covered with bushes or sparse coniferous forests. Its characteristic feature is the presence of cold-tolerant species typical for cold climate phases. The second, younger assemblage (F-type fauna) is typical for the warm and moist climate of the Atlantic Phase. It characterizes habitats of dense mixed and deciduous forests. Numerous forms of high thermal requirements are found here. The youngest assemblage (O-type fauna) implies extensive anthropogenic deforestations in the surrounding area. This change in the characteristics of natural environment was most likely associated with a phase of intense settlement in the village of Rybna and development of agriculture during the Middle Ages.

13

Record of environmental changes and fluvial phases in the Late Holocene within the area of Podhale (the Carpathians, southern Poland) : studies in the Falsztyński valley

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Geological Quarterly

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2019

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Vol. 63, No. 4

629--642

EN

The Falsztyński valley, in the eastern part of Podhale, Poland includes a low terrace spanning the stream channel, the structure of which has been studied in nine profiles. Five gravel levels and five mud levels with plant and abundant mollusc remains are described, temporally constrained by ten radiocarbon dates. The terrace deposits represent the terminal part of the Atlantic Phase and all of the Late Holocene. The mollusc analysis helped identify phases of environmental change, notably one in the Middle Ages connected with intensive settlement activities in the area of Podhale. These include deforestation, affecting mollusc communities with replacement of forest assemblages by open-country species. The gravel levels records increased fluvial activity periods correlated with humid climate phases. It is possible to distinguish five such periods corresponding to the transition of the Atlantic and Subboreal phases, the middle part of the Subboreal Phase, the transition of the Subboreal and Subatlantic phases, the younger part of the Subatlantic Phase, and the last 200 years. These correspond to the periods of increased fluvial activity in the valleys of other Carpathian rivers.

14

Wykorzystanie radionuklidu 210Po w badaniach osadów dennych

Szarlowicz K.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2018

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Vol. 12, No. 2

579--585

PL

Pierwiastki promieniotwórcze stanowią nieodłączną część środowiska naturalnego. Ich obecność w różnych komponentach środowiska, w tym osadów dennych, jest wykorzystywana np. do oceny stanu środowiska wodnego. Radionuklid 210Po jest alfa emiterem, pochodzącym z szeregu uranowo-radowego. Celem pracy było oznaczenie 210Po w 1 cm warstwach osadów dennych pobranych z Toporowych Stawów (Niżni i Wyżni) usytuowanych na terenie Tatr. Zawartości polonu wzdłuż profilu głębokościowego wykorzystano do interpretacji zmian środowiskowych, jakie miały miejsce w zlewniach obu jezior. Próbki osadów pobrano za pomocą czerpacza firmy Limnos, podzielono na 1 cm warstwy, wysuszono w temperaturze pokojowej i poddano analizie radiochemicznej. Uzyskane źródła promieniotwórcze 210Po zmierzono w spektrometrze promieniowania alfa. Radioaktywność 210Po w Toporowych Stawach mieści się w zakresie od 23,6±2,4 do 692±42 Bq·kg-1 (Niżni); 40,9±3,7 do 575±48 Bq·kg-1 (Wyżni). W obu stawach obserwowano spadek radioaktywności 210Po z tym, że w Wyżnim ma ona charakter nieregularny. Podsumowując, stwierdzono, że położenie, otoczenie i niska retencja wód (Wyżni) wpływają na zawartość 210Po. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na sformułowanie wniosków w zakresie źródeł dostawy materiału i czynnikach mających wpływ na proces sedymentacji. Mogą być również wykorzystywane w celach geochronologicznych (metoda 210Pb), do przedstawienia zmian, jakie miały miejsce w otoczeniu zlewni na przestrzeni 200 lat.

EN

Radioactive elements are an integral part of the natural environment. Their presence in various components of the environment, including sediments, is used for estimation of the state of the water ecosystem. Radionuclide 210Po is a decay product in the uranium-radium series. The aim of this work was to determine 210Po radioactivity in 1 cm layer collected from Toporowe Stawy Lakes (Tatra mountains). The radioactivity of 210Po was used as indicators for studying environmental changes in the area of lakes. Sediments’ cores were sampled using Limnos gravity corer. The cores were sliced to 1 cm layers in situ, and packed into polyethylene vessels. Before radiochemical analysis the samples were air dried. The alpha sources of 210Po were measured in alpha spectrometer. The 210Po radioactivity varied in the range from 23.6±2.4 to 692±42 Bq·kg-1 (Nizni); 40.9±3.7 to 575±48 Bq·kg-1 (Wyzni). In both lakes, the decrease in the radioactivity was observed. In Wyzni lake there are some irregularities down the sediment core. It can be concluded that the location, environment and low water balance (Wyzni) affect the 210Po content. The obtained results allow to estimate sources of material delivery and factors influence on the value of sedimentation rate. They can be used also for geochronology research (210Pb method), to show environmental changes in the past 200 years.

15

Holoceńska ewolucja torfowiska w Zatoce Słupiańskiej (jezioro Wigry, NE Polska) w świetle analizy malakologicznej

Alexandrowicz W. P., Żurek S.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2018

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nr 473

1--12

PL

W profilach wierceń wykonanych na obszarze torfowiska w Zatoce Słupiańskiej rozpoznano trzy typy zespołów mięczaków. Liczne skorupki mięczaków występowały w obrębie serii gytii wapiennych i drobnodetrytusowych o miąższości 5,35 m. Malakofauna była reprezentowana głównie przez ślimaki wodne i małże. Taksony lądowe pojawiały się rzadko, a największe liczebności osiągały w stropowej części analizowanej sekwencji. Wydzielone zespoły mięczaków charakteryzowały odmienne typy siedlisk. Występujący w spągowej części profilu zespół z Gyraulus laevis zawiera liczne taksony zimnolubne i wiekowo odpowiada wczesnemu holocenowi. Młodsza fauna (zespół z Gyraulus albus) cechuje się znacznym udziałem form ciepłolubnych, a jego obecność wskazuje na fazę atlantycką. Zespół z gatunkami lądowymi występuje w stropowej części analizowanego profilu. Zespoły mięczaków reprezentują różne typy środowisk: strefę litoralną jeziora, okresowe zbiorniki wodne oraz podmokłe siedliska lądowe. Zmienność zespołów mięczaków oraz zróżnicowany udział skorupek i wieczek Bithynia tentaculata wskazuje na obecność faz obniżenia poziomu wody w jeziorze Wigry, które przypadają na fazę borealną, środkową część fazy atlantyckiej oraz schyłek fazy subborealnej i fazę atlantycką. Z tym ostatnim okresem wiąże się początek depozycji torfu.

EN

Three types of molluscan assemblages have been identified in a profile of calcareous gyttja and peat penetrated by drilling within the raised peat-bog of the Słupiańska Bay. Numerous shells of molluscs have been identified within the 5.35 m thick intervals of fine detritus of the calcareous gyttja. The shells belonged primarily to the bivalves and water snails. Terrigenous species appeared only rarely and have been more frequent in the upper part of the penetrated interval. The three distinguished molluscan assemblages have been described and interpreted in terms of representing different environmental conditions. Assemblage with Gyraulus laevis that occurs within the lower part of the interval consists of the cold-loving forms representing early Holocene. Assemblage with Gyraulus albus that occurs in the middle part of the interval consists of warm-loving species linked to the Atlantic Phase. Assemblage with terrigenous species, mainly snails, occurs in the upper part of the interval. The distinguished types of molluscan assemblages are composed of species characteristic of littoral habitat of ephemeral lakes and some of terrestrial habitats. Lake-level fluctuations are expressed by changing of molluscan fauna. Variable proportions of Bithynia tentaculata shells and opercula indicates low-level water stages of the Wigry Lake that took place during the Boreal Phase, the middle part of the Atlantic Phase and during the termination of the Sub Boreal and Sub Atlantic phases. The completion of gyttja accumulation and the beginning of peat deposition are associated with the latter period.

16

Biogazownia jako element mający pozytywny wpływ na zmiany środowiskowe przestrzeni wiejskich

Pawłowski W.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 5

157--169

PL

We współczesnym krajobrazie wsi, coraz częstszym elementem instalacji rolniczych jest biogazownia rolnicza. Należy zadać sobie istotne pytanie, czy nowe technologicznie obiekty, jakimi są biogazownie rolnicza o średniej mocy 1 MW, wyszczególnione jako inwestycje mogące znacząco oddziaływać na środowisko, w rozwoju ruralistycznym stają się jego integralną częścią jako nowa forma zabudowy wiejskiej. Nieuchronne dziś zmiany w krajobrazie wiejskim i sposób prowadzenia działalności rolniczej mają zarówno pozytywny jak i negatywny wpływ na środowisko przestrzeni wiejskiej. Biogazownie jako nowe obiekty w rozwijającym się przemyśle wiejskim stanowią niewątpliwe ważny element na drodze pozyskiwania zielonej energii. Najważniejszym dla powodzenia powstania i funkcjonowania biogazowni jest jej lokalizacja, ma to znaczenie nie tylko ze względów ekonomicznych ale również społeczno-środowiskowych jak również krajobrazowych.

EN

In the contemporary rural landscape, an agricultural biogas plant is becoming an increasingly frequent element of agricultural installations. There is a need to ask an important question: is a new technology, such as biogas plants with medium power of 1 MW, listed as investments which can have significant environmental impacts? This question is becoming an integral part of rural space as a new form of village buildings. The inevitable changes in the rural landscape and the way of carrying out farming have both a positive and negative impact on the rural environment. Biogas plants, as new objects in developing country industries, are undoubtedly an important element in the way of obtaining green energy. Location is the most important factor for the success of the establishment and operation of the biogas plant, which is important not only for economic reasons, but also socio-environmental and landscape reasons.

17

Malacofauna of the Holocene tufa in the valley of the Ociemny Stream (Pieniny Mts., southern Poland)

Alexandrowicz W. P.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 1

5--18

EN

A rich molluscan fauna was found in the outcrop of slope sediments and calcareous tufas in the valley of the Ociemny Stream in the Pieniny Mts. The malacological sequence identified there represents the entire Holocene, but it contains several stratigraphical gaps. From this viewpoint, it is a unique finding within the area studied. In nine samples, 11,000 specimens of 71 species of molluscs were identified. The ecological and zoogeographical diversity of the composition and structure enabled the separation of three faunistic assemblages. The oldest assemblage (with Discus ruderatus) corresponds with the cold period of the Early Holocene and represents shadowed habitats overgrown with the coniferous forests of the taiga type. Its characteristic feature is the presence of glacial relics (e.g. Vertigo genesii and Vertigo geyeri). The other younger fauna (with Discus perspectivus) is typical of the humid and warm climate of the Atlantic Phase. It is characteristic of the habitats of mixed and deciduous forests. Numerous Balkan and Mediterranean thermophilous forms appear in this assemblage. The youngest malacoenosis (with Bithynella austriaca) is typical for the historical times. The particular intervals containing molluscan fauna are separated by gaps corresponding to the erosion phases. Because of the land relief in the valley of the Ociemny Stream, which is not conducive to the development of human economy, no marked anthropogenic deforestation occurs.

18

Towards a consistent Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian global boundary: current state of knowledge

Wierzbowski A., Atrops F., Grabowski J., Hounslow M., Matyja B. A., Olóriz F., Page K., Parent H., Rogov M. A., Schweigert G., Villaseñor A. B., Wierzbowski H., Wright J. K.

Volumina Jurassica

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2016

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Vol. 14, no. 1

15--49

EN

New data are presented in relation to the worldwide definition of the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary, i.e. the base of the Kimmeridgian Stage. This data, mostly acquired in the past decade, supports the 2006 proposal to make the uniform boundary of the stages in the Flodigarry section at Staffin Bay on the Isle of Skye, northern Scotland. This boundary is based on the Subboreal-Boreal ammonite successions, and it is distinguished by the Pictonia flodigarriensis horizon at the base of the Subboreal Baylei Zone, and which corresponds precisely to the base of the Boreal Bauhini Zone. The boundary lies in the 0.16 m interval (1.24–1.08 m) below bed 36 in sections F6 at Flodigarry and it is thus proposed as the GSSP for the Oxfordian/ Kimmeridgian boundary. This boundary is recognized also by other stratigraphical data – palaeontological, geochemical and palaeomagnetic (including its well documented position close to the boundary between magnetozones F3n, and F3r which is placed in the 0.20 m interval – 1.28 m to 1.48 m below bed 36 – the latter corresponding to marine magnetic anomaly M26r). The boundary is clearly recognizable also in other sections of the Subboreal and Boreal areas discussed in the study, including southern England, Pomerania and the Peri-Baltic Syneclise, Russian Platform, Northern Central Siberia, Franz-Josef Land, Barents Sea and Norwegian Sea. It can be recognized also in the Submediterranean-Mediterranean areas of Europe and Asia where it correlates with the boundary between the Hypselum and the Bimmamatum ammonite zones. The changes in ammonite faunas at the boundary of these ammonite zones – mostly of ammonites of the families Aspidoceratidae and Oppeliidae – also enables the recognition of the boundary in the Tethyan and Indo-Pacific areas – such as the central part of the Americas (Cuba, Mexico), southern America, and southern parts of Asia. The climatic and environmental changes near to the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary discussed in the study relate mostly to the European areas. They show that very unstable environments at the end of the Oxfordian were subsequently replaced by more stable conditions representing a generally warming trend during the earliest Kimmeridgian. The definition of the boundary between the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian as given in this study results in its wide correlation potential and means that it can be recognized in the different marine successions of the World.

19

Zmiany biegu rzeki Prosny od Kalisza do jej ujścia

Małecki Z. J., Ptak M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Lądowa i Wodna w Kształtowaniu Środowiska

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2015

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Nr 12

61--72

PL

W pracy w oparciu o materiał kartograficzny z czterech różnych przekrojów czasowych, wykorzystując kartograficzną metodę badania zmian środowiska, przeanalizowano zmiany biegu Prosny na odcinku od Kalisza do jej ujścia. Ustalono, że w okresie od drugiej połowy XVIII wieku do początku XXI wieku nastąpiły znaczne zmiany. Zaobserwowana transformacja była podyktowana czynnikami naturalnymi i antropogenicznymi. Te pierwsze obejmowała głównie odcinanie meandrów i zmiany głównego koryta powodowane przejściem wezbrań powodziowych. Do drugich można zaliczyć wszelkie prace hydrotechniczne, związane np. z prostowaniem rzeki, umacnianiem jej brzegów, budową wałów przeciwpowodziowych, itd.

EN

This work analyses the changes in the course of the Prosna River between Kalisz and the river's mouth. The analysis is based on the cartographic material from four different periods, and has taken advantage of the cartographic method of examining environmental changes. It has been established that considerable changes took place in the period between the second half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The transformation observed was caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. The former included mainly cutting off the meanders and the changes of the main river bed caused by flood waters flow; the latter comprise all kinds of hydrotechnical works related, for example, to straightening the river , enforcing its banks , building the flood banks, etc.

20

Assessment of the effect of environmental variables on health status of Tilia cordata Mill. in parks

Świerk D., Krzyżaniak M., Walerzak M. T., Urbański P.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2015

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Vol. 22, nr 3

351--361

EN

Analyses concerned the effect of different environmental variables on the health status of little-leaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill.). The study comprised analyses and statistical models based on discriminatory analysis. These analyses indicated which variables may influence the health status of tress of the investigated species in the parks of Poznan. The model was based on the canonical variate analysis (CVA), ie Fisher’s canonical variant of linear discriminatory analysis (LDA). The greatest negative effect on the health status of trees of Tilia cordata Mill. in Poznan parks was found for the small distance of the parks from the city centre and the immediate vicinity of two arterial roads. It was also found that the vicinity of buildings heated with fossil fuels, primarily coal, may have had a negative effect on the health status of Tilia cordata Mill. trees in the Poznan parks. Moreover, it was shown that specimens of the investigated species aged 81–120 years were characterised by the worst health status, while the best health condition was found in trees of Tilia cordata Mill. in the Millennium Park.

PL

Badania dotyczyły wpływu różnych zmiennych środowiskowych na stan zdrowotny lipy drobnolistnej (Tilia cordata Mill.). W pracy wykorzystano analizy i modele statystyczne stworzone w oparciu o analizę dyskryminacyjną. Wynikiem przeprowadzonych analiz było wykazanie, które zmienne mogą wpływać na stan zdrowotny drzew badanego gatunku na terenie parków Poznania. Do skonstruowania modelu wykorzystano analizę CVA (canonical variate analysis) – kanoniczną odmianę liniowej analizy dyskryminacyjnej Fishera (LDA). Stwierdzono, że największy negatywny wpływ na stan zdrowotny drzew Tilia cordata Mill. w parkach Poznania miała niewielka odległość parków od centrum miasta oraz bezpośrednia bliskość dwóch arterii komunikacyjnych. Stwierdzono również, że bliskość zabudowań ogrzewanych paliwami kopalnymi, przede wszystkim węglem kamiennym, mogły wpływać negatywnie na stan zdrowotny drzew Tilia cordata Mill. na terenie parków Poznania. Wykazano również, że osobniki drzew badanego gatunku z przedziału wiekowego 81–120 lat charakteryzowały się najgorszym stanem zdrowotnym, a najlepszą zdrowotność drzew Tilia cordata Mill. stwierdzono w Parku Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego.