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Biogeochemistry-ecosystem-social interactions on the Chinese continental margins

Liu Su Mei, Liang Wen, Guo Xinyu, Wu Nian, Zhang Wuchang, Shan Xiujuan, Zhao Hua-De, Wang Juying, Huang Jin

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (1)

278--296

EN

Chinese continental margins are experiencing remarkable environmental changes driven by anthropogenic activities and climate change. As an important habitat and sea-based fish farming resource in China, the Bohai was selected as a case study to understand how ecosystems and social interactions are influenced by multi-stressors. The Bohai ecosystem has been considerably modified. The Bohai coastline has been significantly changed (e.g., total sea area decreased and morphology changed) by sea reclamation and riverine sediment transport related to agriculture and erosion. Therefore, the strict reclamation policy and “Grain-for-Green” program have been issued to protect the coastline. Nutrient concentrations and composition have been changed by fertilizer application, wastewater discharge, and variations in seasonal patterns of riverine nutrient fluxes. Hence, pollution control and prevention are necessary. More seriously, fishing resources have been altered, as a result of environmental changes and overfishing. Therefore, a summer fishing ban and stock enhancement should be vital besides environmental improvement. This study can help to predict and mitigate impacts on global continental margins that are experiencing similar environmental stress.

2

Modeling a Set of Management Approaches for the Effective Operation of the Environmental Management System at the Business Entities

Barabash Olena, Weigang Ganna, Dychko Alina, Zhelnovach Ganna, Belokon Karina

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 6

1--10

EN

The paper presented the results of research on the choice of management approaches to ensure the effective functioning of the environmental management system of business entities. New challenges contribute to the formation of a new system of approaches to decision-making. Implementation of environmental management systems is conducted in accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 14001: 2015. Effective EMS is based on a balanced choice of management approaches, the main objective of which is to ensure environmental performance at each stage of the EMS implementation. The clear control of indicators of environmental-organizational changes and environmental performance criteria of environmental management system requires the formation of a set of complementary management approaches that promote productive decision-making to reduce risks and prevent criticality of the environment. The result of the study is the development of an algorithm of the procedure for selecting effective management approaches. The formation of structural model of approaches in the process of implementation and functioning of the environmental management system has helped to identify the organizational activities that ensure the environmental safety of business entities. A thorough analysis of each stage of the development, implementation and operation of environmental management system enabled identifying a set of management approaches, forming a vector of environmental and organizational changes in the activities of business entities. Taking into account the developed algorithm of the procedure of selecting managerial approaches and the conceptual model of assessing managerial approaches to the effective functioning of the environmental management system, a structural model of applying managerial approaches at each stage of implementation and functioning of the EMS to improve the environmental safety of business entities was built. The study pertaining to the stages of structural model and application of QFD-methodology (Quality Function Deployment) allowed building a matrix diagram, which defines a vector of orientation of approaches, taking into account their complexity and materiality.

3

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of coastal sediments at Funing Bay, Southeastern China

Jin Jianhui, Huang Yunming, Li Zhizhong, Fan Xuechun, Ling Zhiyong, Li Zhixing, Liu Xiaoju

Geochronometria

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2019

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Vol. 46, no. 1

15--24

EN

The possible role of environmental change, especially sea level change, as a stimulus for the development of human residence and migration is poorly understood. We investigate this problem by showing a record of sea-level change and coastal transformation based on a sediment core (FN1 core) and a Neolithic site (Pingfengshan site) obtained from the Funing bay on the northeast coast of Fujian, China. The Funing bay coastal area represents a unique feature in China’s Neolithic cultures, comprising a silty beach dominated by quartz-rich sand and several important sites of Huangguashan cultural period. Samples from FN1 core and Pingfengshan site were taken for grain size ananlyses and for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The blue-light stimulated OSL signals were measured by the single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol to determine the ages of of the samples. Samples from FN1 core yield OSL ages ranging from 49.9 ka to 0.8 ka, providing the systematic geochronological evidence for the sea level change of Funing bay. The comparison of sea level change and Neolithic cultural periods presents a good relationship in coastal area of Fujian, China since about 7 ka before present. In detail, the cultural types of Keqiutou culture and Huangguashan culture all belong to coastal mountainous culture, of which flourishing periods corresponds to the higher sea level periods of mid-late Holocene. Tanshishan culture belongs to estuarine coastal culture, and most sites of this period correspond to a lower sea level located at lower altitudes.

4

Debris-flow functioning and their contribution to sedimentary budgets : the Peynin subcatchment of the Guil River (Upper Queyras, Southern French Alps)

Viel V., Fort M., Lissak C., Graff K., Carlier B., Arnaud-Fassetta G., Cossart E., Madelin M.

Landform Analysis

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2018

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Vol. 36

71--84

EN

The Peynin catchment (15 km2) is prone to catastrophic floods (June 1957 – Recurrence Interval R.I.>100 yr), June 2000 (R.I.-30 yr) with serious damages to infrastructure and buildings located at the outlet. In this paper, PIT tags tracers and Vensim modelling software are used to better assess the sediment delivery unsteadiness, and more specifically to evaluate the respective role of geomorphological processes on sediment supply during flood event. For the last 20 years, our results highlight a significant variability in sediment delivery from a tributary to another one. According to our studies, we suppose that two torrential tributaries of the Peynin river, the Peyronnelle and Three Arbres subcatchments (<2 km2, representing <15% of the Peynin catchment area) are responsible of 80% of the sediments observed at the outlet of the catchment. Several processes take a part of these sediment transfers, but the efficiency of the sediment cascade in this catchment can be explained by a strong connectivity between sediment erosion area and the main channel of the catchment. Debris and torrential flows triggered during high intensity meteorological event are actually effectively coupled in space and time and guarantee an important sediment supply able to reload the downstream part of the sediment cascade. Recent climate trends, marked by extremes, suggest consequently more damaging events to come, in a context of increasing vulnerable assets.

5

Wpływ zmian klimatu na osadnictwo prehistoryczne Mazur w kontekście badań osadów jeziornych

Chodyka M., Nitychoruk J., Welc F., Rogóż A., Lubańska Z., Grudniewski T.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2016

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z. 63, nr 3

43--50

PL

Badania zmian klimatu odbywają się z dużym sukcesem na osadach jeziornych. Przedstawione w artykule dotychczasowe badania ujmowały zagadnienia antropopresji na dużym obszarze przy uwzględnianiu badań pojedynczych jezior, co dawało wnioski ciekawe ale dosyć ogólne. Zaproponowana w pracy koncepcja badań stawia na pierwszym miejscu bezpośredni związek obiektu archeologicznego z towarzyszącym mu jeziorem. Badanie i tym samym wyszczególnienie faz osadniczych opiera się głównie na analizie materiału archeologicznego pozyskanego w trakcie wykopalisk. W przypadku regionu Warmii i Mazur odtworzenie poszczególnych etapów dawnego osadnictwa utrudnia nie tylko brak źródeł pisanych ale również fragmentaryczność danych archeologicznych. Przedstawione przez autorów analizy palinologiczne i diatomologiczne pozwoliły na wstępną charakterystykę litologiczno – sedymentologiczną osadów dennych tego zbiornika. Wykazały, iż dno jeziora wyściełają głównie osady organogeniczne (gytie), które nie są przewarstwione osadami piaszczystymi, co wskazuje na bardzo spokojne środowisko sedymentacji oraz ciągły zapis procesów depozycyjnych. Co więcej, wykona SEM/EDS (mikroskop skaningowy z mikrosondą), w celu korelacji opisywanych rdzeni, ujawniły, iż charakteryzują się one niemal identycznym zapisem sedymentacyjnym i tym samym paleośrodwiskowym, co potwierdza fakt, iż w zbiorniku zachodziła ciągła i spokojna sedymentacja, która doskonale odzwierciedla lokalne ale i też regionalne przemiany środowiskowe. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że w osadach jeziornych zanotowane są wyraźne zmiany, które można utożsamiać z momentami antropopresji oraz/lub zmianami klimatycznymi powiązanymi z wahaniami poziomu wód w jeziorze.

EN

Research on climate change done on lake sediments may be successful. The following article presents the research of an antropogenic impact conducted so far on individual lakes, which yielded interesting yet rather general findings. The proposed research forwards a concept that directly links the archaeological site and the nearby lake. The research, particularly the specification of settlement phases, bases on the analysis of archaeological material obtained in excavations. In the case of Warmia and Mazury region, reconstruction of different stages of the former settlement is hindered by the lack of written sources and fragmentary archaeological data. The palynological and diatomological analysis presented by the authors allows for a characterization of lithological - sedimentological bottom sediments. It shows that the lake bottom is lined mostly with organogenic sediments (gyttjas), not interbedded with sandy sediments, which indicates a very calm sedimentation and continuous depositional processes. Moreover, the already conducted measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of the preliminary geochemical data from the analysis of SEM / EDS (a scanning electron microscope with a microprobe), enabling a correlation of the described cores, reveals that they are characterized by an almost identical sedimentation and paloeenvironmental record, which proves that the reservoir underwent a calm sedimentation process, which at the same time reflects the local but also regional environmental change. The study shows that significant changes have been noted in the lake sediments, which can be related to an antropogenic impact and / or climate change associated with fluctuations in the water level in the lake.

6

Eemian–Weichselian Pleniglacial fluvial deposits in S Poland (an example of the Vistula River valley in Kraków)

Sokołowski T., Wacnik A., Woronko B., Madeja J.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 1

71--84

EN

A fragment of the middle terrace in the VistulaRivervalley, nearby the railway station in Kraków, is formed by fluvial channel and overbank deposits of the PrądnikRiver, which bear a record of various environments affected by changing climatic conditions. The sedimentary succession includes two complexes that differ in lithofacies. The older complex comprises fining-upward deposits (channel sand and gravelly sand with medium- and large-scale trough cross-stratification) and, less frequently, sand with planar cross-stratification overlain by silt with intercalations of biogenic deposits of abandoned channels. Vegetation accompanying the deposition of biogenic layers was typical of boreal coniferous forests, dominated by Pinus sylvestris with a small admixture of Larix, Pinus cembra, Picea, Betula, and Populus. Periodically, the landscape passed into open areas overgrown by woody tundra. The complex developed as a result of activity of a meandering river under conditions of a moderately cool climate. The younger complex includes the sand lithofacies with horizontal stratification and low-angle cross-stratification, overlain by alternating sands and silts. The topmost part is represented by sands with large- and medium scale planar cross stratification. Lack of biogenic deposits and considerable amount of frosted quartz grains in alluvial sediments indicate aeolian processes of greater intensity, periglacial conditions and evolution towards a braided or transitional river. Pollen successions, absolute dating and studies of structural and textural features of the sediment suggest that the time of its deposition may be estimated at a range between the close of the Eemian Interglacial and the Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial (OIS 5e–OIS 3).

7

Quartz OSL dating of sand dunes in Ghaggar Basin, northwestern India

Shitaoka Y., Maemoku H., Nagatomo T.

Geochronometria

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2012

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Vol. 39, no. 3

221-226

EN

Several studies have used luminescence dating to investigate sand mobilization activity in extreme western areas and the southern margin of the Thar Desert, India. However, room exists for a chronology of sand profiles for the northern margins of the Thar Desert. The Ghaggar River flood plain at Rajasthan, northwestern India, in the northern margin of the Thar Desert, is bordered by sand dunes. Elucidation of the environmental changes of the Ghaggar Basin requires knowledge of many aspects of sand dune formation. We measured optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) using the single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol for sand of eight palaeo-dunes and two flood silts of both sides of the present Ghag-gar Basin and Chautang Basin flood plains. Their OSL ages were obtained respectively, as 15-10 ka or 5 ka, and 9-8 ka. Results of this study reinforce the hypothesis that sand dune deposition had start-ed or had already been completed by 15-10 ka. Aeolian deposition was subdued by enhanced mois-ture during 9-8 ka. Our interpretation is that, at least since 5 ka, the scale of the flood plain of the Ghaggar River has remained equivalent to that of the present day.

8

Statistical analysis of radiocarbon dates as a tool for reconstruction of the environmental changes

Michczyńska D. J., Michczyński A., Pazdur A., Rotnicki K.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2004

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Vol. 11

109-112

EN

Statistical analysis of large sets of 14C dates may be a source of information on global or regional environmental changes. Since the nineteen seventies, an analysis of the frequency distribution on a time scale of 14C-dated samples has been carried out for several selected geographic regions. This paper presents basics of the applied method and examples of cumulative probability density functions constructed for 14C dates of peat from territory of Poland. It is emphasised that preferential sampling plays an important role in such a type of analysis. The problem of absolute age determination has been discussed, too.

9

Envisat

Linsenbarth A.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2002

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nr 3

27--30

10

Landslide exposure assessment under environmental change in the Romanian Subcarpathians

Jurchescu Marta, Kucsicsa Gheorghe, Micu Mihai, Sima Mihaela, Bălteanu Dan

Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica

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2019/2020

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Vol. 53/54

59--84

EN

This study focuses on one of the most complex petrographic and structural relief units in Romania, affected by significant earthquakes and uplift neotectonic movements, i.e. the Subcarpathian region. The Subcarpathians represent a highly fragmented hilly area subject to various mass movements and erosion processes, frequently affecting settlements, transport infrastructure and environmental values. The paper aims to present a landslide exposure assessment conducted for this region, following three main stages which are addressed in the context of present environmental conditions and their possible future changes: landslide susceptibility, landslide hazard and the exposure of elements at risk. It also intends to address and discuss the associated specific contexts, problems and challenges. By integrating selected landslide hazard scenarios, computed under different precipitation and seismic conditions, and key data on elements at risk (i.e. built-up areas, arable lands, permanent crops and major protected areas) into GIS spatial and statistical analyses, potential current and future landslide risk areas are outlined. Results are quantified at the Local Administrative Unit (LAU; towns and communes) level. The output maps reveal significant regional differences in landslide susceptibility and hazard according to the specific predisposing and triggering factors considered, as well as spatial variations in the landslide exposure in relation to specific land-uses and protected areas in the region. The present study contributes to increasing knowledge on landslide susceptibility, hazard, and exposure in the area and provides a ground for further related investigations. In addition, because of its predictive character, this study may constitute a useful tool for policy makers supporting decisions with regard to where future priorities should be focused.