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1

Allometry of nanoparticles in diesel-biodiesel blends for CI engine performance, combustion and emissions

Ahmed Mohd Mujtaba, Pali Harveer Singh, Khan Mohammad Mohsin

Archives of Thermodynamics

|

2024

|

Vol. 45, no 1

99--108

EN

Most countries in the world are facing two major challenges, one is the increase in the demand for energy consumption difficult to fulfill because of limited fossil fuel, and the second is the emission norms specified by many countries. Various methods are adopted to reduce emissions from engines but that leads to sacrificing the performance of CI engines. To eradicate this problem in the present study, the nanoparticles like (TiO2) are used with different particle sizes 1030 nm, 3050 nm and 5070 nm induced in B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) with the constant volume fraction of 100 ppm, and utilized in the diesel engine without any modifications. The results showed that the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles improves the combustion of hydrocarbons and reduces the emissions of CO, unburned hydrocarbon concentration, NOx and soot. Moreover, among three sizes of the nanoparticles, those with size 3050 nm showed interesting results with the reduction in brake-specific energy consumption, NOx, smoke and HC by 2.9%, 16.2%, 35% and 10%, respectively, compared to other blends used in the study, and hence the blend with the nanoparticle of size 3050 nm is expected to be a more promising fuel for commercial application in CI engines.

2

Performance of a single cylinder direct injection 4-stroke diesel engine under effect of using diesel and naphtha blends

Basas Marwah E., Khalefa Rafeq A.

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 40, nr 1

181-187

EN

The demand for diesel fuel in the transport industry is expected to rise due to greenhouse gas laws and global economic expansion, necessitating the search for alternative energy sources. If light distillate fuels can match diesel fuel's efficiency and cleanliness at a more affordable cost, they could potentially enter the market. The aim of the investigations was to assess a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine's performance using various blends of diesel (D) and heavy naphtha (N): D100%, D97.5%N2.5%, D95%N5%, D92.5%N7.5%, and D90%N10%. Tests were conducted at 3000 rpm and variable loads, revealing that the maximum permissible naphtha content in diesel oil (D100%) is 10%. Higher naphtha proportions led to misfire and instability under heavy loads. 100% diesel demonstrated the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption and higher thermal efficiency, while mixture of 90% diesel and 10% naphtha showed the highest fuel consumption and lower thermal efficiency.

PL

Oczekuje się, że zapotrzebowanie na olej napędowy w branży transportowej będzie zwiększało się ze względu na przepisy dotyczące gazów cieplarnianych i globalną ekspansję gospodarczą, co wymusza poszukiwanie alternatywnych źródeł energii. Jeżeli lekkie destylaty będą w stanie dorównać wydajności i czystości olejowi napędowemu, przy bardziej przystępnej cenie, mogłyby potencjalnie zostać wprowadzone na rynek. Celem badań była ocena osiągów jednocylindrowego, czterosuwowego silnika wysokoprężnego stosując różne mieszanki oleju napędowego (D) i benzyny ciężkiej (N): D100%, D97.5% N2.5%, D95% N5%, D92.5% N7.5% i D90% N10%. Badani przeprowadzono przy 3000 obr/min i zmiennym obciążeniu. Wykazano, że maksymalna dopuszczalna zawartość benzyny ciężkiej w oleju napędowym wynosi 10%. Większa zawartość benzyny w oleju napędowym prowadziła do przerw w zapłonie i niestabilności pod dużym obciążeniem.100% olej napędowy wykazał najniższe zużycie paliwa przy hamowaniu i wyższą sprawność cieplną, podczas gdy mieszanina 90% oleju napędowego and 10% benzyny ciężkiej wykazała najwyższe zużycie paliwa i niższą sprawność cieplną.

3

Effect of biodiesel blended fuel on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines – a review

Zheng Fangyuan, Cho Haeng Muk, Xu Changchun

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 27, no. 1

215--231

EN

The internal combustion engine plays a vital role in transportation, industry, and shipping. However, diesel as one of the main fuels for internal combustion engines, caused many environmental and human health problems. In order to solve the problems, more researchers have been committed to the research of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is a renewable, sustainable alternative fuel, and its characteristics are similar to traditional diesel. It can be mixed with pure diesel. It has been found that a mix with pure diesel in a certain ratio can effectively reduce the negative effects caused by its characteristics, improve the combustion performance, and reduce the NOx and PM emissions. This article mainly reviews the effects of the mixture of biodiesel and diesel on engine combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions, including three parts: part (1) summarizes and analyzes the biodiesel’s production and characteristics, part (2) analyzes the engine’s performance under different working conditions, and part (3) studies and analyzes the exhaust emission under different working conditions.

4

Experimental Study of the Compression Ignition Engine Performance Using Various Bio Diesel Blends

Adaileh Wail

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2022

|

Vol. 16, no 4

29--37

EN

The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the performance of compression ignition engine using a biodiesel extracted from waste cooking oils (WCO), such as, falafel frying palm oil, chicken frying soybean oil, and fresh oils, such as soybean and olive oils. After producing biodiesel from WCO and fresh oils, the mixtures were blended with pure diesel in two percentages as follows: B20 (20% biodiesel from each type, 80% pure diesel) and B10 (10% biodiesel from each type, 90% pure diesel). The biodiesel blends were used as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The ignition performance of the fuel blends was compared with that of pure diesel B00 (0% biodiesel, 100%pure diesel). To analyze the effect of biodiesel on engine performance, the engine was operated at variable load from 0 to 6 kW and constant speed at 2000 RPM. For engine performance, brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that pure diesel produces higher brake force (BP) than all biodiesel blends. The highest value for brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at variable load is for B20-F (20% biodiesel from falafel frying oil, 80% pure diesel) is equal to 0.243426 gm/kW.s. The highest value for brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is for B10-S (10% biodiesel from soybeans oil, 90% pure diesel) is equal to 27.6%.

5

Relative Change in SI Engine Performance Using Hydrogen and Alcohol as Fuel Supplements to Gasoline

Yamin Jehad A.A., Sheet Eiman Ali Eh, Rida Khalid S.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2021

|

Vol. 15, no 1

144--145

EN

A simulation study on the effect of hydrogen and ethanol addition as supplementary fuel for gasoline engine at lean mixture (equivalence ratio ϕ = 0.8) was carried out to reduce the gasoline share in the mixture, thus reducing the fuel consumption and harmful emissions. The effect of supplementary fuels on engine performance, emissions, and availability was investigated. This was done by changing the ratio between gasoline and the supplementary fuels in the fuel mixture to achieve the required equivalence ratio. The first part of the simulation consisting of the performance and emissions calculated using the first law, was conducted for all engine speeds. The second part consisting of an availability analysis was conducted at the rated speed of 2750 rpm. The simulation study was conducted using the data obtained from measurements of Ricardo E6/T engine parameters (variable compression ratio engine). The data was also used to verify the models. The study shows that the hydrogen addition reduced the carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO2) share at the lean mixture. The hydrogen addition significantly improved the heat release rate compared with pure gasoline; however, the heat released was close to the top dead center due to its fast burning speed. The ethanol addition improved the first law performance of the engine, e.g., power and efficiency; however, at the cost of increased heat loss. It also improved the indicated work availability in comparison with the addition of hydrogen.

6

Fluid dynamic and acoustic optimization methodology of a formula-student race car engine exhaust system using multilevel numerical CFD models

Mohamad Barhm, Ali Mohammed Qasim, Neamah Hayder Ahmed, Zelentsov Andrei, Amroune Salah

Diagnostyka

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, No. 3

103--111

EN

In this work a multilevel CFD analysis have been applied for the design of an engine exhaust system include manifold and muffler with improved characteristics of noise reduction and fluid dynamic response. The approaches developed and applied for the optimization process range from the 1D to fully 3D CFD simulation, exploring hybrid approaches based on the integration of a 1D model and 3D tools. Once the best configuration has been defined, the 1D-3D approach has been adopted to confirm the prediction carried out by means of the simplified approach, studying also the impact of the new configuration on the engine performances.

7

Impact of addition oxy-hydrogen gas (HHO) on vehicle engines performance and emissions

Nabil Tamer, Khairat Dawood Mohamed M.

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 3, No 2

177--190

EN

The electrolysis process of water produces oxy-hydrogen (HHO) gas that can be used as an energy source to solve the shortage problem of fossil fuel and reduces the exhaust emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicles engines. In this study, HHO dry cell generator was designed, fabricated and tested experimentally to investigate its performance. The hybrid internal combustion engines using HHO gas is considered one of the most important studied applications. The vehicle engines performance and gas emissions are investigated for two different engines; 150CC with carburetor and 1300CC with Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The results recorded the consumption of the fuel is reduced by 14.8% for 150CC engine and 16.3% for 1300CC engine. HHO gas reduced the emission gases by 33% and 24.5% reduction in CO and 27.4% and 21% reduction in HC for 150CC and 1300CC engines respectively. HHO gas can be efficient used as a secondary fuel for vehicle engines.

8

Investigating the Effects of Variable Valve Timing on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

Bapiri Sepehr, Sorusbay Cem

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2019

|

Vol. 13, no 2

100--111

EN

In this study, a prototype four-stroke spark ignition engine with four cylinders (two valves per cylinder), with and without turbocharger, as well as variable valve timing system to adjustment of variable valve duration has been investigated. This study covers the effects of intake valve opening (IVO), Intake valve closing (IVC), exhaust valve opening (EVO) and exhaust valve closing (EVC) angles on engine performances and fuel economy. The calculations of engine performance were carried out using the 1-Dimensional simulation with AVL BOOST software. The effects of different valve timing strategies and a combination of them from simulations were analyzed and compared with the reference fixed valve timing cases. It was shown that substantial improvements in fuel consumption and performance can be achieved. The improvements of Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption (ISFC) are remarkable in turbocharged models. Furthermore, we can see the noticeable improvements in torque and power in the naturally aspirated engine.

9

Preliminary analysis of thermodynamic cycle of turbofan engine fuelled by hydrogen

Marszalek N.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 3

347--354

EN

Presented article is focus on analysis of the effect of hydrogen fuel on turbofan engine performance. Selected properties of hydrogen and possibility of introduction in civil aviation were discussed. Hydrogen implementation as aviation fuel offers obvious advantages such as low emission of combustion product, higher payload, lower fuel consumption, general availability but also poses great technical challenges. The most important aspect is to ensure engine operational safety at very high level. Hydrogen implementation would eliminate the aviation dependence of exhausting sources of fossil fuels especially of crude oil. The thermodynamic model of turbofan engine was implemented in MATLAB environment. Accepted assumptions have been discussed. Turbine cooling process has been included in the numerical model. Working fluid was modelled as semi-perfect gas. Analysis was carried out for take-off and design point conditions. Engine performances were compared for two kinds of applied fuels: liquid hydrogen and commonly used in turbine engines kerosene. Combustion heat of hydrogen is about three time higher than in comparison with conventional turbine engine fuel, what exert significant influence on engine performance. The results of engine thermodynamic cycle analysis indicate the increase in specific thrust and significant reduction of specific fuel consumption. The results are presented in tabular form and on the graphs. Obtained results have been discussed and the direction of further research was indicated.

10

Computational investigation of compression ratio and bore diameter influence on engine performance and knock intensity

Gandyk M., Haller P., Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 2

129--134

EN

Processes of the combustion in combustion engines depend on cylinder bore and compression ratio. Compression ratio is a ratio of in-cylinder volume when piston is in bottom dead centre to volume when piston is in top dead centre. Theoretical engine efficiency is increasing together with compression ratio. However, in the real engine there are also other phenomena affecting the efficiency of the engine, which could results in lower performance of engine with higher compression ratio. This study presents knock intensity and performance gain in engine speed function of the 0D-1D engine model with different pistons set. Knock intensity is founded by implementing in combustion process knock sub-model based on Douaud and Eyzat induction time correlation using different pistons geometry. Examined engine model is air restricted Formula Student motorcycle engine. Mounted in intake system, air restrictor decreases knock intensity. Therefore, compression ratio could be increased. It was noticed that bigger bore diameter could reduce knock intensity. Researches realized that bigger bore size could cause performance drop at high rpm when flow is chocked. With changing of compression ratio, performance characteristic changes. Growing compression ratio decrease torque on low engine speed and increase on high engine speed. Further characteristic of the engine could be tuned by matching pistons with modified bore size and compression ratio.

11

An optimization study on an eco-friendly engine cycle named as Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) for marine vehicles

Gonca G.

Polish Maritime Research

|

2017

|

nr 3

86--98

EN

The diesel engine is an indispensable part of technology and it is commonly used in land and marine vehicles. However, diesel engines release NOx emissions due to high combustion temperatures. They have harmful effects on the environment such as sources of photo-chemical fog and climate changes. Therefore, they must be reduced and limited. The Miller cycle application is a NOx control method and it is popular in the recent years to abate NOx produced from the internal combustion engines (ICEs). A performance investigation of a Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) engine in terms of power (PO), power density (PD) and effective efficiency (EE) has been performed using a new finite-time thermodynamics modeling (FTTM) in this study. The effects of engine design and operating parameters on the engine performance (EPER) have been examined. Additionally, the energy losses have been determined resulting from incomplete combustion (IC), friction (FR), heat transfer (HT) and exhaust output (EO). The results presented could be an essential tool for DMC marine engine designers.

12

Formuły paliw etanolowych – wpływ na właściwości eksploatacyjne

Pałuchowska M.

Nafta-Gaz

|

2017

|

R. 73, nr 9

668--674

PL

We wstępie artykułu przedstawiono przyczyny zmian formuł paliw do silników o zapłonie iskrowym, którymi są działania państw i społeczeństw w kierunku ograniczania szkodliwych substancji pochodzących ze spalania paliw oraz uzależnienia od dostaw ropy naftowej. Następnie omówiono rodzaje formuł paliw etanolowych do silników o zapłonie iskrowym, które obecnie są produkowane na świecie. W dalszej części artykułu zaprezentowano zmiany chemicznej formuły paliw do silników o zapłonie iskrowym, w której część węglowodorów jest zastępowana etanolem i/lub eterem etylowo-tert-butylowym. Następnie przedstawiono własne wyniki badań w zakresie wpływu paliw etanolowych na parametry charakteryzujące lotność, która ma bezpośredni wpływ na właściwości eksploatacyjne. W końcowej części pracy zaprezentowano przegląd badań europejskich w zakresie wpływu lotności paliw etanolowych na właściwości eksploatacyjne pojazdu, takie jak emisje, praca silnika w warunkach niskich i wysokich temperatur otoczenia. Konkluzją wynikającą z uzyskanych wyników badań własnych i badań europejskich w zakresie zmian składu frakcyjnego benzyny bezołowiowej E10, kreowanych zawartością etanolu, jest to, że weryfikacja tych zmian w testach hamownianych na obecnej flocie pojazdów potwierdziła przygotowanie nowoczesnych konstrukcji tych pojazdów do bezproblemowej pracy z użyciem paliwa E10. Dalszych weryfikacji w badaniach silnikowych w tym zakresie wymaga paliwo o średniej zawartości etanolu (E20).

EN

In the introduction, the reasons for changing fuel formulas for spark ignition engines, which are the actions of states and societies, to reduce harmful substances from fuel combustion and dependence on oil supplies are presented. The types of ethanol fuels formulas for the spark ignition engines that are currently produced in the world are presented. Hereafter the changes in the chemical formula of fuels for spark ignition engines, in which a part of the hydrocarbons are replaced with ethanol and/or ethyl-tert-butyl ether, are presented. Then our own research results on the impact of ethanol fuels on the volatility, which has a direct influence on the performance characteristics was presented. The final section presents an overview of European research on the volatile effects of ethanol fuels on vehicle performance characteristics such as emissions, engine operation at low and high ambient temperatures. The conclusion resulting from the obtained results of our own research as well as European research on the changes of the unleaded petrol E10 distillation curve, created with ethanol content, is that the verification of these changes in the engine tests on the current fleet of vehicles, confirmed the preparation of modern vehicle designs for trouble-free operation on E10 fuel. Further verifications in the engine tests in this scope require fuel with an average ethanol content (E20).

13

Influence of biodiesel from Egyptian used cooking oil on performance and emissions of small diesel engine

Abdelfattah O. Y., Allam S., Youssef I., Mourad M., El-Tawwab A.

Journal of KONES

|

2017

|

Vol. 24, No. 1

7--21

EN

Egyptian waste cooking oils have special specifications because it expose to high temperatures during use for long hours. In the present experimental study, the performance and emissions of a four strokes, single cylinder, aircooled diesel engine fuelled with two different biodiesel from Egyptian used cooking oil (palm and sunflower) are evaluated at different speeds. The measured performance parameters include torque, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature. Brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency was calculated using the measured test data The emission parameters include carbon monoxide, particulate matter and the oxides of nitrogen. The tests have been carried out with different blends of B5 to B100 of biodiesel with diesel fuel. The results showed that the cetane number of sunflower biodiesel has dropped significantly as a result of high temperatures and negatively affected the performance and emissions of the diesel engine also the engine performance with the palm biodiesel blend B5 is closed to diesel fuel also, for B5 CO emission decreased from 53 to 70% while NOx emission decreased from 13 to 80% compared to diesel fuel.

14

Evaluation of the impact of the hydration degree of bioethanol on the operation parameters of the spark-ignition engine

Owczuk M., Matuszewska A., Odziemkowska M., Bednarski M., Wojs M. K., Lasocki J.

Combustion Engines

|

2017

|

R. 56, nr 2

71--75

EN

The article presents an overview of methods for the production of bioethanol and the possibility of its use to power internal combustion engines. The effects of supplying spark-ignition engine with bioethanol having various degrees of hydration were examined experimentally on the engine dynamometer. The measurement results were referred to the anhydrous bioethanol, which is used widely as petrol biocomponent and compared in terms of the course of the pressure in the combustion chamber of the engine as well as engine performance parameters – torque and power. It was found that with the decrease in alcohol concentration, the performance of the spark ignition engine deteriorated. The reduction of in-cylinder pressure was proportional to the increase in the water content in the fuel. No significant changes in the general shape of in-cylinder pressure curves were observed. Engine torque and power decreased with an increase in the water content in the fuel, especially at high engine speed. It has been stated that supplying the engine with bioethanol containing up to 6% (v/v) of water does not result in significant losses in engine performance.

15

Effects of Specific Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions of Four Stroke Diesel Engine with CuO/Water Nanofluid as Coolant

Senthilraja S., Vijayakumar K. C. K., Gangadevi R.

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. LXIV, nr 1

111--121

EN

This article reports the effects of CuO/water based coolant on specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of four stroke single cylinder diesel engine. The CuO nanoparticles of 27 nm were used to prepare the nanofluid-based engine coolant. Three different volume concentrations (i.e 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) of CuO/water nanofluids were prepared by using two-step method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the exhaust emissions (NOx), exhaust gas temperature and specific fuel consumption under different load conditions with CuO/water nanofluid. After a series of experiments, it was observed that the CuO/water nanofluids, even at low volume concentrations, have a significant influence on exhaust emissions. The experimental results revealed that, at full load condition, the specific fuel consumption was reduced by 8.6%, 15.1% and 21.1% for the addition of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% CuO nanoparticles with water, respectively. Also, the emission tests were concluded that 881 ppm, 853 ppm and 833 ppm of NOx emissions were observed at high load with 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% volume concentrations of CuO/water nanofluids, respectively.

16

Wpływ FAME w oleju napędowym na parametry pracy silników o zapłonie samoczynnym

Suchecki A., Nowakowski J.

Logistyka

|

2015

|

nr 4

5861--5870, CD 2

PL

Od szeregu lat prowadzi się badania nad paliwami pochodzącymi ze źródeł naturalnych, które mogą zastąpić częściowo lub całkowicie paliwa z przeróbki ropy naftowej. Takie paliwa nazywamy niekonwencjonalnymi, alternatywnymi lub zastępczymi. Jako paliwa zastępcze najczęściej wykorzystywane w silnikach ZS możemy podać paliwa ciekłe pochodzenia roślinnego lub innego, oraz paliwa gazowe. W ubiegłym dziesięcioleciu stosowano estry metylowe olejów roślinnych (FAME), w Polsce – estry olejów rzepakowych. Obecnie zauważa się trend wycofywania z tzw. biodiesli, również z powodu opinii mówiącej o negatywnym skutku tegoż paliwa nie tylko na aparaturę wtryskową, ale także na osiągi silnika. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu zawartości FAME (estrów metylowych olejów roślinnych) w oleju napędowym na moc, moment obrotowy oraz zawartość związków szkodliwych w spalinach. Wyniki te odniesiono do uzyskanych na silniku pracującym tylko na czystym oleju napędowym.

EN

For several years, research is underway to fuels derived from natural sources, which can partially or completely replace the fuel from crude oil. Such fuels are called non-conventional, alternative or substitute. As a substitute fuels commonly used in CI engines can provide liquid fuels of vegetable origin or another, and gaseous fuels. In the past decade, used vegetable oil methyl esters (FAME), Poland - rapeseed oil esters. Currently, notes the trend of so-called withdrawal biodiesel, including the opinion of the speaker because of the negative effect of that not only the fuel injection equipment, as well as engine performance. This paper presents the results of the influence the content of FAME (vegetable oil methyl esters) in diesel for power, torque, and the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. These results were related to the obtained with the engine running only on pure diesel.

17

Small gas turbine GTM-120 bench testing with emission measurements

Chmielewski M., Gieras M.

Journal of KONES

|

2015

|

Vol. 22, No. 1

47--54

EN

The aim of this paper is to provide comprehensive bench testing results for small gas turbine engine with a strong focus on the flue gas emission measurements. After a short overview of small gas turbine GTM-120 design and working principles, the test bench developed at the Institute of Heat Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology is presented. Capability and accuracy of the sensors used in test bench are discussed in detail. Data acquisition software based on LabVIEW is also presented. Five separate sections representing successive engine stations have been distinguished. Experimental set of data of pressure and temperature on all of the stations is presented for the whole range of engine rotational speeds. Additionally, the engine thrust and fuel consumption data is provided. Special attention is given to the engine NOx and CO content in the engine exhaust gas, since turbine engine emissions are of great concern due to their adverse impact on natural environment. Experimental results are followed by the engine cycle parametric study for real engine thermodynamic cycle. Finally, future work plans regarding variable combustor chamber utilization for emission reduction from small gas turbine are discussed.

18

Wpływ FAME w oleju napędowym na emisję składników szkodliwych spalin silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym

Knefel T., Nowakowski J., Suchecki A., Brzozowski K.

Combustion Engines

|

2015

|

R. 54, nr 3

827--833

PL

Od szeregu lat prowadzi się badania nad paliwami pochodzącymi ze źródeł naturalnych, które mogą zastąpić częściowo lub całkowicie paliwa z przeróbki ropy naftowej. Takie paliwa nazywamy niekonwencjonalnymi, alternatywnymi lub zastępczymi. Jako paliwa zastępcze najczęściej wykorzystywane w silnikach ZS możemy podać paliwa ciekłe pochodzenia roślinnego lub innego, oraz paliwa gazowe. W ubiegłym dziesięcioleciu stosowano estry metylowe olejów roślinnych (FAME), w Polsce - estry olejów rzepakowych. Obecnie zauważa się trend wycofywania z tzw. biodiesli, również z powodu opinii mówiącej o negatywnym skutku tegoż paliwa nie tylko na aparaturę wtryskową, ale także na osiągi silnika. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu zawartości FAME (estrów metylowych olejów roślinnych) w oleju napędowym na moc, moment obrotowy oraz zawartość związków szkodliwych w spalinach silnika ZS. Wyniki te odniesiono do uzyskanych na silniku pracującym tylko na czystym oleju napędowym. Przedstawiono wyniki badań silnika ZS na hamowni silnikowej oraz pojazdu napędzanego silnikiem ZS na hamowni podwoziowej.

EN

For several years, research is underway to fuels derived from natural sources, which can partially or completely replace the fuel from crude oil. Such fuels are called non-conventional, alternative or substitute. As a substitute fuels commonly used in CI engines can provide liquid fuels of vegetable origin or another, and gaseous fuels. In the past decade, used vegetable oil methyl esters (FAME), Poland - rapeseed oil esters. Currently, notes the trend of so-called withdrawal biodiesel, including the opinion of the speaker because of the negative effect of that not only the fuel injection equipment, as well as CI engine performance. This paper presents the results of the influence the content of FAME (vegetable oil methyl esters) in diesel oil for power, torque, and the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases CI engine. These results were related to the obtained with the engine running only on pure diesel oil. The results were obtained on test bed for engine and for car.

19

Performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine operating with rapeseed oil and jP-8 fuel blends

Labeckas G., Kanapkienė I.

Combustion Engines

|

2015

|

R. 54, nr 3

13--18

EN

The article presents experimental test results of a DI single-cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine FL 511 operating with the normal (class 2) diesel fuel (DF), rapeseed oil (RO) and its 10%, 20% and 30% (v/v) blends with aviation-turbine fuel JP-8 (NATO code F-34). The purpose of the research was to analyse the effects of using various rapeseed oil and jet fuel RO90, RO80 and RO70 blends on brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, emissions and smoke of the exhaust. The test results of engine operation with various rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends compared with the respective parameters obtained when operating with neat rapeseed oil and those a straight diesel develops at full (100%) engine load and maximum brake torque speed of 2000 rpm. The research results showed that jet fuel added to rapeseed oil allows to decrease the value of kinematic viscosity making such blends suitable for the diesel engines. Using of rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends proved themselves as an effective measure to maintain fuel-efficient performance of a Didiesel engine. The brake specific fuel consumption decreased by about 6.1% (313.4 g/kW·h) and brake thermal efficiency increase by nearly 1.0% (0.296) compared with the respective values a fully (100%) loaded engine fuelled with pure RO at the same test conditions. The maximum NOx emission was up to 13.7% higher, but the CO emissions and smoke opacity of the exhaust 50.0% and 3.4% lower, respectively, for the engine powered with biofuel blend RO70 compared with those values produced by the combustion of neat rapeseed oil at full (100%) engine load and speed of 2000 rpm.

20

Two-combustor turbofan engine performance analysis

Jakubowski R.

Journal of KONES

|

2014

|

Vol. 21, No. 3

141--148

EN

A conception of a two-combustor turbofan engine is the main scope of this paper. At the beginning, the problems of turbofan engines development are briefly discussed as a background of this work. In this part the turbofan engines innovation activities are presented. It is mentioned the engine’s innovations consists of many aspects but some important ones are: lowering of production operation cost, maintenance, reduction of noise and exhaust gases emission while engine reliability should stay on the same level or event increase. Next, the conception of turbofan engine with two combustors is presented in this context. Some positive aspects for environment, production and maintenance of such engine are discussed. Then the thermodynamic cycle of two-combustor engine is presented and analysed. On this basis, the engine numerical model is prepared. Next, some information about the model simplifications and calculations done to determine performance of the engine is presented. Then the results of the simulation calculations of the engine performance are presented and discussed. The relationship of engine thrust and specific fuel consumption vs. engine flight conditions are shown. Based on the results there were discussed the advantages and disadvantages of two combustors engine as an airplane propulsion are specified. The conclusions are formulated and presented in the last part of the paper.