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EN
Energy storage systems (ESS) are indispensable in daily life and have two types that can offer high energy and high power density. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) are obtained by combining two or more energy storage units to benefit both types. Energy management systems (EMS) are essential in ensuring the reliability, high performance, and efficiency of HESS. One of the most critical parameters for EMS is the battery state of health (SoH). Continuous monitoring of the SoH provides essential information regarding the system status, detects unusual performance degradations and enables planned maintenance, prevents system failures, helps keep efficiency at a consistently high level, and helps ensure energy security by reducing downtime. The SoH parameter depends on parameters such as depth of discharge (DoD), charge and discharge rate (C-rate), and temperature. Optimal values of these parameters directly affect the lifetime and operating performance of the battery. The proposed adaptive energy management system (AEMS) uses the SoH parameter of the battery as the control input. It provides optimal control by dynamically updating the C-rate and DoD parameters. In addition, the supercapacitor integrated into the system with filter-based power separation prevents deep discharge of the batteries. Under the proposed AEMS control, HESS has been observed to generate 6.31% more energy than a system relying solely on batteries. This beneficial relationship between supercapacitors and batteries efficiently managed by AEMS opens new possibilities for advanced energy management in applications ranging from electric vehicles to renewable energy storage systems.
EN
This paper provides a methodology to assess the maturity of an organization’s readiness for change based on the use of a Fuzzy Analytic Network Process and fuzzy linguistic evaluation maturity model. This anticipatory approach’s purpose is to evaluate the extent in which an organization is ready to implement a change initiative, in order to enhance supportive behaviors and identify improvement areas before engaging the change and thus reducing change adoption failure risks. A case study for the implementation of an Energy Management System according to the ISO 50001 Standard within a factory operating in the automotive sector is provided. Rather than the classical technical approach found in energy management maturity models, this approach offers an organizational perspective. The use of the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process allows the consideration of the interrelations between factors, while the use of fuzzy logic for the evaluation through linguistic variables helps in taking the uncertainty and imprecision of respondents into consideration. This approach serves as a decision support system for decision-makers by providing the organization’s readiness maturity level as well as the identification of improvement areas that will help ensure a successful implementation of the desired change initiative. In the conducted case study, the obtained maturity level refers to an average readiness for change for the implementation of the Energy Management System and requires the definition of an improvement roadmap, comprising the following elements: ensuring top management leadership and organizational commitment and involving employees as well as internal communication on the personal and organizational benefits of the implementation of an Energy Management System.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje dotyczące wprowadzenia w przedsiębiorstwach i innych organizacjach systemów zarządzania energią na bazie normy PN-EN ISO 50001: „Systemy Zarządzania Energią – Wymagania i zalecenia użytkowania.” Wiele miejsca poświęcono realizacji audytów energetycznych przedsiębiorstw, które są podstawowym elementem systemów zarządzania energią. Omówiono podstawowe zasady i wymagania, niezbędne do opracowania i wdrożenia w przedsiębiorstwach systemów zarządzania energią.
EN
Presented are basic informations concerning implementation of an energy management system based on the PN-EN ISO 50001 (“Energy Management Systems – Requirements and Recommendations for Use”) standard in enterprises and other organizations. Substantial space was given to realisation of energy audits in enterprises that are the basic element of energy management systems. Discussed are basic rules and requirements indispensable for elaboration and implementation of these systems in various enterprises.
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