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Simulating energy management in a lightweight hybrid vehicle with fuel cells and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries

Harahap Dedy Ramdhani, Chang Wei-Chin, Chiu Chun Chieh, Tang Jing-Jou

Mining Machines

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2023

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vol. 41, iss. 4

261--273

EN

A compact electric vehicle was simulated utilizing the Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR), a MATLAB/Simulink-based program. The primary power source for the vehicle was a 200W small Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, complemented by AA-type Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries serving as backup energy sources. Each NiMH battery had a voltage of 1.2V and a capacity of 1.9Ah. The performance of both the PEM fuel cell and the NiMH batteries was evaluated using an electronic load to meet the power requirements of the hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle operated in three distinct modes: Starting Mode, Accelerating Mode, and Steady Mode, each with its specific configurations. Simulation results revealed that the batteries successfully initiated the drivetrain in the Starting Mode, while the fuel cell provided support during the Accelerating Mode. InSteady Mode, as the battery state of charge decreased, the PEM fuel cell seamlessly supported the battery andpowered the load simultaneously. Various matching schemes were analyzed to meet thedynamic performance requirements of the vehicle and achieve theoptimal synergy between the fuel cell and NiMH battery. The study aimed to identify the most effective configuration to ensure efficient energy management and dynamic performance in different operational modes of the hybrid vehicle.

2

A standalone DC microgrid energy management strategy using the battery state of charge

Yusubov Elvin, Bekirova Lala

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2023

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T. 13, nr 3

75--78

EN

This article introduces an enhanced energy management strategy that employsthe state of charge (SoC) of batteries in standalone DC microgrids with photovoltaic (PV) modules. Efficient energy management is crucial to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the load units inmicrogrids. To address the challenges posed by external factors such as temperature fluctuations and variations in solar irradiance, energy storage systemsare deployed to compensate for thenegative effectsof the external factorson the output power of PV modules. The proposed approach takes into account various parameters of the microgrid elements, including the available power from the sources, demand power, and the SoC of batteries, in orderto develop an efficient energy control mechanism with load-shedding capability. By considering these parameters, the strategy aims to optimizethe utilization of available resources while ensuring a reliable power supply to the connected loads. The SoC of the batteries plays a critical rolein determining optimal charging and discharging profiles, enabling effective energy management within the microgrid. To evaluate the effectivenessof the proposed approach, an algorithm is designed and simulations are conducted.The proposed algorithm utilizes a hybrid approach by combining power and SoC-based methods for efficient control.Through analysis of the simulation results, it is found that the presented approach is capableof delivering the intended load power while increasing the life cycle of the batteries with the pre-definedSoC levels.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł wprowadza ulepszoną strategię zarządzania energią, która wykorzystuje stan naładowania akumulatorów (SoC)w autonomicznych mikrosieciach prądu stałego z modułami fotowoltaicznymi (PV). Efektywne zarządzanie energią ma kluczowe znaczeniedla zapewnienia nieprzerwanego zasilania jednostek odbiorczych w mikrosieciach. Aby sprostać wyzwaniom związanym z czynnikamizewnętrznymi, takimi jak wahania temperatury i zmiany natężenia promieniowania słonecznego, systemy magazynowania energii są wdrażane w celu skompensowania negatywnego wpływu czynników zewnętrznych na moc wyjściową modułów fotowoltaicznych. Proponowane podejście uwzględnia różne parametry elementów mikrosieci, w tym dostępną moc ze źródeł, moc zapotrzebowania i SoC akumulatorów, w celu opracowania wydajnego mechanizmu kontroli energii z możliwością zrzucania obciążenia. Biorąc pod uwagę te parametry, strategia ma na celu optymalizację wykorzystania dostępnych zasobówprzy jednoczesnym zapewnieniu niezawodnego zasilania podłączonych obciążeń. SoC akumulatorów odgrywa kluczową rolę w określaniu optymalnych profili ładowania i rozładowywania, umożliwiając efektywne zarządzanie energią wmikrosieci. Aby ocenić skuteczność proponowanego podejścia, zaprojektowano algorytm i przeprowadzono symulacje. Proponowany algorytm wykorzystuje podejście hybrydowe, łącząc metody oparte na mocy i SoCw celu zapewnienia wydajnej kontroli. Poprzez analizęwyników symulacji stwierdzono, że prezentowane podejście jest w stanie dostarczyć zamierzoną moc obciążenia, jednocześnie zwiększając cykl życia akumulatorów przy wstępnie zdefiniowanych poziomach SoC.

3

Optimization of rule-based energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles using dynamic programming

Zhu Di, Pritchard Ewan, Dadam Sumanth Reddy, Kumar Vivek, Xu Yang

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 1

3--10

EN

Reducing energy consumption is a key focus for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) development. The popular vehicle dynamic model used in many energy management optimization studies does not capture the vehicle dynamics that the in-vehicle measurement system does. However, feedback from the measurement system is what the vehicle controller actually uses to manage energy consumption. Therefore, the optimization solely using the model does not represent what the vehicle controller sees in the vehicle. This paper reports the utility factor-weighted energy consumption using a rule-based strategy under a real-world representative drive cycle. In addition, the vehicle test data was used to perform the optimization approach. By comparing results from both rule-based and optimization-based strategies, the areas for further improving rule-based strategy are discussed. Furthermore, recent development of OBD raises a concern about the increase of energy consumption. This paper investigates the energy consumption increase with extensive OBD usage.

4

The influence of photovoltaics on the implementation of the climate and energy package on the example of the Rzeszów functional area

Potyrańska Paulina, Puzio Justyna

Energy Policy Studies

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2019

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No. 1 (3)

49--58

EN

The aim of the study is to show the impact of investments in photovoltaic installations carried out by local government units on the implementation of the objectives of the climate and energy package in the Rzeszów Functional Area (ROF). It has been shown that such an important problem as the need to increase the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in electricity production is also solved locally. The methods of in-depth interview, case study and desk research were used. The application of modern technologies in the field of energy production with the use of photovoltaic cells in the ROF area is to contribute in 2019-2035 to the reduction of CO2 emissions; to the increase in the production of electricity from RES, and to the reduction of the use of fossil fuels for the production of electricity. Diversification of energy sources, also at local and individual level, can be beneficial not only for the environment, but also for the budget of energy consumers.