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2 2023

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Possibilities of Fulfillment and Consequences of Introducing the Carbon Intensity Indicator in International Shipping

Herdzik Jerzy

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2023

Tom 25

250--255

Maritime transport contributes to stimulating the development of civilisation. According to the European Environment Agency, around 1/4 of the total CO2 emissions in the EU in 2019 came from the transport sector, of which 71.7% were from road transport. The share of CO2 emissions from maritime transport is estimated to be about 3% of the world's. In terms of energy demand for moving a specific load over a specific distance, it is currently the cheapest form of transport. The International Maritime Organization's activities aim to reduce the environmental impact of this form of transport. The article discusses the expected effects of the regulations introduced until 2023. Regulations have a significant impact on the increase in transport costs. There may be far-reaching changes in the shipping market that have an indirect (rather unintended) effect due to the introduced regulations. "Side effects" can be very severe, especially for shipowners with a small number of ships. The article attempts to draw attention to such threats.

Energy efficiency indicators in road lighting: critical evaluation in a case study

Heredia Sophia, Preciado Oscar Ulises, Cabello Alberto José, Manzano Eduardo Roberto

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

2023

Vol. 71, nr 6

art. no. e147916

Road lighting is a fundamental public service for the safety of pedestrians and drivers. Due to the global energy crisis and climate change, energy conservation has become a priority in any country. Road lighting should provide the required quality and quantity of illumination in the most efficient manner possible. In this work, a study of lighting conditions was carried out in an Argentinian city, and energy efficiency was evaluated based on three methods. The results and conclusions of the work provide an objective critique of the advantages and disadvantages of applying each method to measure the efficiency of an installation.