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Unsupervised Phoneme Segmentation Based on Main Energy Change for Arabic Speech

Lachachi N.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

2017

nr 1

12--20

In this paper, a new method for segmenting speech at the phoneme level is presented. For this purpose, author uses the short-time Fourier transform of the speech signal. The goal is to identify the locations of main energy changes in frequency over time, which can be described as phoneme boundaries. A frequency range analysis and search for energy changes in individual area is applied to obtain further precision to identify speech segments that carry out vowel and consonant segment confined in small number of narrow spectral areas. This method merely utilizes the power spectrum of the signal for segmentation. There is no need for any adaptation of the parameters or training for different speakers in advance. In addition, no transcript information, neither any prior linguistic knowledge about the phonemes is needed, or voiced/unvoiced decision making is required. Segmentation results with proposed method have been compared with a manual segmentation, and compared with three same kinds of segmentation methods. These results show that 81% of the boundaries are successfully identified. This research aims to improve the acoustic parameters for all the processing systems of the Arab speech.

The evaluation of energy cost of effort and changes of centre of mass (COM) during race walking at starting speed after improving the length of lower extremities

Klimek A., Chwała W.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2007

Vol. 9, nr 2

55-60

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of extremities length improvement in the form of special shoe orthoses on the walking energy cost of the leading Polish representative in race walking. Before a proper study, the aerobic capacity of the subject was evaluated. The test consisted of two walking efforts performed on a mechanical treadmill. The subject was walking for 12 minutes with shoe orthoses at constant speed (12 km/h) and then the rest phase allowed for the total covering of the oxygen debt. Then the trial was repeated without orthoses. Simultaneously with measuring physiological variables, there was made 3D recording of the athlete’s movements on the treadmill applying the Vicon system. There were chosen vertical oscillations of the body center of gravity and work of the subject’s system of motion connected with kinetic and potential energy changes regarding the movements of COM during gait. The energy cost of walking at speed related to anaerobic threshold (starting) using shoe orthoses was slightly lower compared to energy expenditure during gait without improvement. No significant differences were noticed in the range of summary vertical COM oscillations during walking in both variants of the measurement. However, considerable asymmetries appeared in the value of COM kinetic energy changes that were lower for the right leg. This testifies to a strongly fixed asymmetrical scheme of individual athlete’s technique.