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1
Content available remote Kierunki transformacji polskiej eneretyki
EN
The strategy of Polish energy sector should assume systematic change of the roles of individual energy generation sources. We observe the increasing role of the distributed sources of energy. The conventional coal based energy sources should, under Polish conditions, gradually assume the role of a guarantor of electricity supply. In order to implement such this type of strategy, it is necessary to create a fundamental expertise, that could serve as an Energy Constitution. It could be the basic document for all the strategic changes occurring in the Polish energy system.
EN
One of the most important dilemmas faced by the European Union is the decision on acceptable scale of using fossil fuels – in particular coal, in covering the demand for energy in member states. Currently, there are numerous discussions concerning the restriction of the use of this highly emissive energy carrier by the EU countries, which, as a result, is to reduce air pollution on a global scale. The article presents the use of energy carriers in traditionally coal based regions and forecasts regarding the economics of new investment in coal fired power plants against investment in renewable energy. Comparison of levelised cost of electricity from coal and solar (PV) energy and it’s impact of electivity prices in Poland up to 2040 was done. The conducted analyzes indicate that a hypothetical PV investment alternative could reduce generation costs by 1.5-2% in the long term.
EN
One of the most important dilemmas faced by the European Union is the decision on the scale of using fossil fuels – in particular coal, in covering the demand for energy. Currently, there are numerous discussions concerning the restriction of the use of this energy carrier by the EU countries, which, as a result, is to reduce air pollution on a global scale. The article presents the use of energy carriers in particu-lar regions of the World and forecasts regarding the use, in particular of coal in the period up to 2040, and the possible impact of the EU on reducing CO2 emissions as a result of abandonment of coal. The results of actions undertaken by EU co-untries in the area of limiting the use of coal were presented. The authors also draw attention to the issue of energy security in the context of a steady increase in the import of energy carriers, in particular coal.
EN
A model of prices and tariffs for the Polish power system was developed, which allows assessment of the effects of public policy in the energy sector from the point of view of energy costs for the economy and for selected group of consumers. Modelling results can be used to assess the market and economic effects of individual scenarios, energy concepts or regulatory impact assessment. The model with the forecast of costs and energy prices allows to analyse the potential impact of the introduction or exclusion from the national energy system of a specific group of technologies or central power plant on electricity costs. The results of the analysis indicate the inevitability of the increase of energy costs. Domestic energy policy leads to an increase in operating costs and, as a result, to an increase in total costs in the power generation sector from PLN 37 billion in 2015 to PLN 68 billion in 2030, which will translate into an increase in tariffs for small and medium enterprises and households.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia model matematyczny wytwarzania energii elektrycznej utworzony na podstawie parametrów urządzeń energetyki zawodowej, pracujących w systemie blokowym. W pracy uwzględniono parametry poszczególnych etapów przetwarzania energii. Dokonano porównania bilansu zgodnego z pierwszą zasadą termodynamiki oraz równania bilansu energii, dla pracy sił w turbinie parowej. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań symulacyjnych. Istnieje możliwość zastąpienia strumienia energii zawartej w konwencjonalnym źródle energii energią skumulowaną w źródle odnawialnym (biomasie).
EN
The paper presents a mathematical modei of electricity production created from the energy sector device parameters operating in the block system. The work takes into account the perameters of energy conversion stages. A comparison of the balance was made in accordance to the first law of thermodynamics and energy balance equations, for the work of force in a steam turbine. The authors submitted selected results of the simulation studies. The energy flux contained in the conventional energy source can be replaced by the energy accumulated in the renewabie energy source (biomass). (Simulation of electricity production in the co-burning biomass with coal).
PL
Podstawą analiz energetycznych są uzgodnione bilanse substancji i energii. W technice cieplnej często występuje przypadek nadmiarowych równań bilansowych, które wykazują niezgodności. Przyczyną tego są błędy pomiarów, które przenoszone są na błędy obliczeń niewiadomych. W celu uzgodnienia bilansów konieczna jest walidacja pomiarów. Narzędziem walidacji jest rachunek wyrównawczy bazujący na zasadzie maksymalizacji funkcji wiarygodności w n-wymiarowej prze-strzeni błędów. W pracy przedstawiono zarówno klasyczną, jak i uogólnioną metodę uzgadniania bilansów substancji i energii.
EN
The base of energy analyses are reconciliated substance and energy balances. In thermal engineering we often encounter cases with excessive balance equations displaying disagreements between the left and right - hand side. This is caused by measurement errors which result in errors of calculations of the unknown values. In order to reconciliate the balances a validation of the measurements is needed. A fool of validation is the least squares adjustment method basing on the principle of the maximization of the function of reliability in the n-dimensional space of errors. The paper presents both the classical and generalised method of reconciliating the balances of substance and energy.
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