Wodór potrzebuje kompleksowej regulacji na miarę, jednak ważne, aby działania legislacyjne skupiały się również na zmianach w aktualnie obowiązujących przepisach i tych obszarach gospodarki, gdzie odnawialny wodór może stanowić innowacyjne rozwiązanie bieżących problemów.
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Activated carbons and carbon nanotube were synthesized with chemical and microwave processes of olive leaf in media with and without ultrasonic waves, and chemical vapor deposition method, respectively. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray, and zetasizer nano S90 instruments. The activated carbon synthesized in the ultrasonic bath had a higher surface area. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of carbon structures including activated carbons and carbon nanotube was measured as a function of pressure at 77 K. The hydrogen storage capacity of the carbon nanotube is 300% and 265% higher than the hydrogen storage capacity of activated carbons synthesized in medium without and with ultrasonic waves, respectively. Results showed the correlation between hydrogen storage capacity and specific surface area. The highest H2 storage value was obtained with carbon nanotube at 77 K. As a result, activated carbon and carbon nanotube can be used in hydrogen storage and therefore, the olive leaf can be converted into a high added value product in the energy field.
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Photocatalytic and photobiological methods of hydrogen generation from water are presented. This review paper gives a short description of current laboratory research works related to hydrogen generation in the presence of light. The application of metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, perovskites alone or combined, as photocatalysts has been described. Basic principles of photobiological methods of hydrogen generation applying phototrophic bacteria have been described as well.
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