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Thermodynamic limits for work-assisted and solar assisted mass transfer operations

Sieniutycz S.

Archives of Thermodynamics

2001

Vol. 22, nr 3-4

17-36

We displey a basic thermodynamic approach to endoreversible limits' of work that may be produced or consumed by a single resource flowing in an open system. To evaluate these limits we consider sequential work-assisted unit operations, in particular those of heating, evaporation and drying which run jointly with 'endoreversible' thermal machines (e.g. heat pumps.) We also compare structures of optimization criteria describing these limits in conventional operations of mass transfer and in work-assisted operations. Mathematical analogies between entropy production expressions in these two sorts of operations are helpful to formulate optimization criteria in both cases. In work-assisted unit operations, total power input is minimized at constraints which take into account dynamics of heat and mass transport and rate of work consumption. Finite-rate, endoreversible models include irreducible losses caused by thermal resistances to the classical exergy potential. Functions of extremum work, which incorporate residual minimum entropy production, are formulated in terms of initial and final states, total duration and (in discrete processes) number of stages. With a radiative engine as an example, extension of the present approach to thermodynamic limits of nonlinear processes is also discussed.