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Emission of volatile organic compounds from diesel engine fuelled with oil-water emulsions

Musialik-Piotrowska A., Kolanek Cz.

Environment Protection Engineering

2011

Vol. 37, nr 1

31-38

Exhaust gas from compression ignition engine fed with oil-water emulsions containing 10 vol. % of water or H2O2 (30 vol. %) water solution in commercial diesel oil have been analysed and the results compared with the composition of flue gas when diesel oil alone was used. The analyses concerned concentrations of NO, total NOx, carbon monoxide, the sum of hydrocarbons as well as volatile organic compounds. When emulsion was used, considerable reduction of nitrogen oxides (however for low engine load only) and slightly lower smokiness of flue gas was reached; on the other hand, it caused higher concentrations of CO, aromatic hydrocarbons and the highest increase, even up to 10-fold, of acetaldehyde concentration, a typical product of incomplete combustion of organic compounds.

Przemywanie wsteczne membran jako metoda przeciwdziałania procesowi foulingu

Włodarczyk A., Warchoł A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Chemia

2003

R. 100, z. 2-Ch

73-78

One of the major obstacles which hinder more widespread application of ultrafiltration is that the flux declines with time. This phenomenon is commonly termed as membrane fouling. There are two essential mechanisms for membrane fouling in crossflow ultrafiltration,namely, pore blocking which is responsible for the initial sharp drop from the flux of pure water filtration, and cake formation which is the cause of long-term gradual flux decline. Membrane fouling reduces production rate and increases complexity of membrane filtration operations since the system has to be halted frequently to restore the flux by backflushing. The resultant elevated cost makes ultrafiltration economically less feasible for many separation problems. Rapid backflushing to reduce membrane fouling during crossflow ultrafiltration was studied.