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1

Impacts of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Various Amount of Dimethyl Ether Premixed Ratios on Combustion and Emissions on a Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engine

Stepanenko Denys, Rudnicki Jacek, Kneba Zbigniew

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

|

Vol. 18, no 2

196--213

EN

In the presented research, the authors dealt with the specific properties of the combustion process of dimethyl ether (DME) in a combustion car (Volkswagen Golf IV) engine AJM 1.9 TDI PDE made by Volkswagen factory. Dimethyl ether is an alternative fuel produced most often from natural gas, which can be used in compression ignition engines as a single fuel or co-burned with diesel oil. This work describes the impacts of using exhaust gas recirculation system and various diesel to DME substitution ratios from 0% to approximately 25% (on an energy basis), on the combustion process in a dual-fuel diesel engine. The engine has been modified so that DME fuel is introduced into the intake manifold just before the intake valves. The diesel fuel supply system, operation algorithms of the engine electronic control unit and other engine elements were left unchanged as it was built by the manufacturer

2

Zabezpieczanie wysokosprawnych silników elektrycznych bezpiecznikami topikowymi

Tätweiler Detlef, Ćwidak Krzysztof

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

|

2023

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R. 91, nr 9

63--67

PL

Potrzeba redukcji emisji CO2, zużycia energii i oszczędności zasobów stała się przedmiotem wielokierunkowych działań legislacyjnych. Duży potencjał oszczędności stanowi ograniczenie zużycia energii elektrycznej przez stosowane w napędach silniki elektryczne, zużywające ok. 70% całej energii elektrycznej w przemyśle.

3

Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Replacing Fertilizers with Digestate

Kowalczyk-Juśko Alina, Pochwatka Patrycja, Mazurkiewicz Jakub, Pulka Jakub, Kępowicz Barbara, Janczak Damian, Dach Jacek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 4

312--319

EN

Digestate from a biogas plant can be a valuable organic and mineral fertilizer. Quantitative proportions of cosubstrates used in three agricultural biogas plants in Poland were analyzed. The composition of digestates was examined and large differences in the content of macronutrients were found, especially N and K. On the basis of the factors used to calculate emissions from the production and use of artificial fertilizers, the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction resulting from replacing mineral fertilizers with digestate was calculated. In terms of 1 Mg of fresh digestate, this reduction may not seem large, as it amounts to 27.9–61.6 kg of CO2 eq, but it should be taken into account that digestate contains little dry matter. The annual amount of digestate used on an area of 1 ha allows avoiding GHG emissions of 25.8–44.5 Mg CO2 eq.

4

Emission Reduction in Oil & Gas Subsurface Characterization Workflow with AI/ML Enabler

Thanh Thuy Nguyen Thi, Lee Samie, Nguyen The, Duyen Le Quang

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2023

|

no. 2, vol. 1

289--294

EN

According to (McKinsey & Company, 2020), drilling and extraction operations are responsible for 10% of approximately 4 billion tons of CO2 emitted yearly by Oil and Gas sector. To lower carbon emissions, companies used different strategies including electrifying equipment, changing power sources, rebalancing portfolios, and expanding carbon-capture-utilization-storage (CCUS). Technology evolution with digital transformation strategy is essential for reinventing and optimizing existing workflow, reducing lengthy processes and driving efficiency for sustainable operations. Details subsurface studies take up-to 6–12 months, including seismic & static analysis, reserve estimation and simulation to support drilling and extraction operations. Manual and repetitive processes, aging infrastructure with limited computing-engine are factors for long computation hours. To address subsurface complexity, hundred-thousand scenarios are simulated that lead to tremendous power consumption. Excluding additional simulation hours, each workstation uses 24k kWh/month for regular 40 hours/month and produces 6.1kg CO2. Machine Learning (ML) become crucial in digital transformation, not only saving time but supporting wiser decision-making. An 80%-time-reduction with ML Seismic and Static modeling deployed in a reservoir study. Significant time reduction from days-tohours-to-minutes with cloud-computing deployed to simulate hundreds-thousands of scenarios. These time savings help to reduce CO2-emissions resulting in a more sustainable subsurface workflow to support the 2050 goal.

5

Redukcja emisji gazów cieplarnianych w procesie produkcji betonu

Pawluczuk Edyta

Inżynier Budownictwa

|

2023

|

nr 9

30--35

6

Okresowa kontrola budynków w zakresie systemu ogrzewania i klimatyzacji – cz. II

Pitry Rafał

Inżynier Budownictwa

|

2023

|

nr 11

86--88

7

Numerical methodology for evaluation the combustion and emissions characteristics on WLTP in the light duty dual-fuel diesel vehicle

Kneba Zbigniew, Stepanenko Denys, Rudnicki Jacek

Combustion Engines

|

2022

|

R. 61, nr 2

94--102

EN

The worldwide aim of reducing environmental impact from internal combustion engines bring more and more stringent emission regulations. In 2017 by EU has been adopted new harmonized test procedure called WLTP. In general terms this test was designed for determining the levels of harmful emissions and fuel consumption of traditional and hybrid cars. This procedure contains specific driving scenarios which representing real-life driving patterns. Test cycles contain vehicle velocity versus time profiles and directly in powertrain analysis on the test benches cannot be used. In order to back calculate drive cycles to engine rpm versus torque profiles a simple longitudinal vehicle dynamics method was used in this paper. Moreover, in order to determine most representative engine operation points during WLTP a density based grid clustering method was implemented. The experimental part of the study focuses on the comparative evaluation of the effect of various diesel to LPG substitution ratios (0% LPG, 10% LPG, 20% LPG and 30% LPG) on combustion and emission characteristics of dual-fuel diesel engine.

8

Impact of Nitrogen Oxides Emission Reduction Methods on Specific Fuel Consumption of Marine Diesel Engines

Herdzik Jerzy

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2021

|

Tom 23

279--289

EN

The paper has been presented the methods of nitrogen oxides emission reduction to fulfill the Tier 2 and Tier 3 requirements of the Annex VI of MARPOL Convention. It has been shown the development of marine two-stroke diesel engines and the change of nitrogen oxides emission from 1960 to 2000 and later up to 2020 after the implementation of NOx emission reduction methods. Specific fuel consumption before 2000, and as a prediction and given data in the manufacturers manuals for Tier 3 engines up to 2020, and as only a prediction up to 2030 has been analyzed and elaborated. Impact of nitrogen oxides reduction methods on the specific fuel consumption of the marine diesel engine has been evaluated. Additional emission of some gases to the atmosphere due to the implementation of reduction methods has been determined. EGR and SCR systems have got a lot of imperfections: required to install additional reduction systems (investment cost, required volume in the engine room), need maintenance and operation costs, produced wastes during treatment process. The estimated additional cost is about 0.8 USD/MWh of produced energy, taking into account only the cost of excessive used fuel. The whole increased cost may reach the level two-three times more due to cleaning systems investment costs, their operational cost and waste disposal. It has been the one of the reasons of worsening the transport effectiveness and competitiveness.

9

Nowa klasa w BMW

Więcławski Łukasz

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

|

2021

|

nr 10

38

PL

Ambitne cele ogłosiło BMW Group. Koncern zamierza zobowiązać się do 2030 r. do zmniejszenia światowych emisji dwutlenku węgla o 50% w porównaniu z 2019 r. w fazie użytkowania swoich pojazdów, a także do 40% redukcji emisji podczas cyklu życia pojazdu.

10

Kluczowe wyzwania przed sieciami ciepłowniczymi

Szymański Dominik

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

|

2021

|

nr 6

20--21

PL

Aby osiągnąć unijne cele redukcji emisji oraz uzyskać neutralność klimatyczną, obok inwestycji w produkcję i wytwarzanie energii i ciepła równie ważne pozostaje rozwijanie sieci ciepłowniczych. Ma to szczególnie duże znaczenie w obszarach zurbanizowanych, gdyż pozwala redukować tzw. niską emisję z indywidualnych źródeł ciepła.

11

Proekologiczne rozwiązania IASE Sp. z o.o. zawarte w pracach badawczo-rozwojowych i wdrożone na obiektach przemysłowych oraz inne praktyki ekologiczne Instytutu

Kieleczawa Antonina, Lipiński Mariusz, Mączka Tadeusz, Szubert Wociech

Energetyka

|

2021

|

nr 12

793--797

PL

W artykule przedstawione zostały najważniejsze rozwiązania techniczne zaimplementowane w kluczowych produktach Instytutu Automatyki Systemów Energetycznych w ostatniej dekadzie, które wspierają prowadzenie eksploatacji obiektów energetycznych i przemysłowych z zachowaniem najlepszych praktyk proekologicznych. Opisano również działania Instytutu, które związane są z poprawą bezpieczeństwa i komfortu ludzi w środowisku pracy oraz inne działania na rzecz szeroko rozumianej ochrony środowiska.

EN

Presented are the most important technical solutions implemented in key-products of the Insitute of Power Systems Automation during the last decade which support power and industrial facilities operation with preservation of the best pro-environmental practices. Described are also the Insitute activities referring to the Improvement of people's safety and comfort in their working environment as well as other initiatives for the widely understood environmental protection.

12

Benefit evaluation of energy-saving and emission reduction in construction industry based on rough set theory

Zhong Zhengjun, Zhang Xin, Yang Xudong

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2021

|

Vol. 28, nr 1

61--73

EN

Achieving energy conservation and emission reduction in the industry is an inevitable way to promote harmony between society and nature and achieve sustainable human development. China’s infrastructure construction industry is developing rapidly. Still, there is a lack of a well-established industry standard for evaluating the potential and level of energy reduction in infrastructure construction. A severe lack of quantitative research on energy-saving and CO2 outflow decreases the benefits of green development advances. This study takes the energy conservation and outflow decrease of construction waste slurry treatment in Guangdong Province, China, as the background, establishes an evaluation system with three rule levels: social, economic, and environmental, and adopts rough set theory to determine the weights of each index to ensure the objectivity of each index. According to the recommendations of the carbon emission calculation guidelines, select the relevant data to evaluate the energy-saving and emission reduction benefits of the new green construction technology of grouted piles in a road project in Guangdong Province. The results show that the development level and potential of energy saving and emission reduction technology in the construction sector in Guangdong Province are increasing year by year. It’s potential changes with the increase or decrease of highway mileage, and it is an urgent need to increase investment in pollution control. The research results can evaluate the benefits of energy-saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction in the construction industry，also be used as a reference to assess energy-saving and emission reduction in the construction industry in other countries.

13

Innowacyjne technologie w przemyśle cementowym

Środa Bożena

Cement Wapno Beton

|

2021

|

R. 26, nr 5

444--451

PL

W artykule omówiono kilka projektów badawczych, dotyczących technologii wychwytywania, składowania lub zagospodarowania CO2 [CCS/U – Carbon Capture and Storage/Usage] w przemyśle cementowym. Technologia redukcji emisji CO2 poprzez jego wychwycenie z gazów odlotowych w instalacji pieca cementowego ma największy potencjał do zmniejszenia emisji, ale jednocześnie wymaga dużych nakładów inwestycyjnych i dodatkowej infrastruktury do przesyłu wychwyconego CO2 oraz wiąże się ze zwiększonym zapotrzebowaniem na energię elektryczną w cementowni. W artykule przedstawiono realizowane projekty badawcze, w których wykorzystano różne rozwiązania zarówno wychwytywania CO2, jak i dalszego jego zagospodarowania.

EN

The paper discusses several research projects on CO2 capture, storage or usage [CCS/U] technologies in the cement industry. The technology of reducing CO2 emissions by capturing it from flue gases in a cement kiln installation has the greatest reduction potential, but at the same time requires large investments and additional infrastructure for the transfer of captured CO2, and is associated with an increased demand for electricity in the cement plant. The article presents the research projects carried out in which various solutions for both CO2 capture and its further usage were used.

14

A review of compressed air engine in the vehicle propulsion system

Korbut Michal, Szpica Dariusz

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2021

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Vol. 15, no. 4

215--226

EN

Engines powered by compressed air as a source of propulsion are known for many years. Nevertheless, this type of drive is not commonly used. The main reason for not using commonly is the problem with the low energy density of the compressed air. They offer a number of advantages, primarily focusing on the possibility of significantly lowering the emissions of the engine. Their emissivity mainly depends on the method of obtaining compressed air. This also has an impact on the economic aspects of the drive. Currently there are only a few, ready to implement, compressed air powered engine solutions available on the market. A major advantage is the ability to convert internal combustion engines to run with compressed air. The study provides a literature review of solutions, focusing on a multifaceted analysis of pneumatic drives. Increasing vehicle approval requirements relating to their emissions performance are encouraging for the search of alternative power sources. This creates an opportunity for the development of unpopular propulsion systems, including pneumatic engines. Analysing the works of some researchers, it is possible to notice a significant increase in the efficiency of the drive, which may contribute to its popularisation.

15

ECU calibration for gaseous dual fuel supply system in compression ignition engines

Stepanenko Denys, Kneba Zbigniew

Combustion Engines

|

2020

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R. 59, nr 3

33--37

EN

The dual fuel (DF) combustion mode is proven solution that allows to improve or get at the same level engine performance and reduce toxic compounds in exhaust gases which is confirmed by researchers and end-users. DF combustion mode uses two fuels gaseous fuel as a primary energy source and a pilot quantity of diesel fuel as ignition source. However, in order, to fully take advantage of the potential of the dual fuel mode, DF system must be proper calibrated. Despite the existence of commercial control systems for dual fuel engines on the market, the literature on the important parameters for the engine's operation introduced during calibration is scarce. This article briefly describes a concept of working algorithm and calibration strategy of a dual fuel electronic control unit (ECU) The purpose of calibration is to achieve the greatest possible use of an alternative gaseous fuel without causing accelerated engine wear.

16

Risks related to energy policy of Poland until 2040 (EPP 2040)

Tajduś Antoni, Tokarski Stanisław

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2020

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Vol. 65, no. 4

877--899

EN

The paper presents a brief outline of the European Union Climate and Energy Package in early 2020, as well as the EU’s plans in this respect until 2030 (Winter Package and Green Deal) and even further until 2050 (EU’s climate neutral target). Also the current condition of power generation in Poland and challenges for Polish energy sector in the nearest future are discussed. The Energy Policy of Poland until 2040 (EPP 2040) is analysed in relation to possible risks and dangers. Some improvements are proposed in regard to the implementation of the document. In addition, the current volume and perspectives of hard coal and lignite mining in Poland until 2040 are discussed and compared with an expected demand for coal in Polish power plants and combined heat and power stations. On the basis of the prognosis of energy consumption in the period 2031-2040, there seems to appear a serious risk of energy shortage due to a possible delay in a nuclear power project and lack of lignite mining at the level defined in EPP 2040 policy. Therefore, some variants of providing the security of energy supplies are taken into account and thoroughly analysed in the paper.

17

Audit and Modernisation of Lighting in Gdynia – Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact

Demianiuk Tomasz Jóżef

Acta Energetica

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2020

|

nr 2

22--28

EN

Lighting modernisation effectively reduces electricity costs. LED luminaires' optics enable targeting a light beam exactly where it is needed. Light colour and uniformity selection options provide comfortable conditions for driving vehicles and using the city space. The main reason for luminaire replacement is the financial gain from using energy-saving luminaires. However, this modernisation also improves the safety and comfort of life. Besides, the light beam of the LED luminaires is eye-friendly and as close to natural daylight as possible. This light colour allows us to correctly assess the distance to other objects and people at night. The environmental aspect is also important. LED luminaires are made without elements harmful to the environment. Due to the reduced electricity consumption, less CO2, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds, as well as other toxic substances are released into the atmosphere. The energy and environmental benefits of modernising luminaires in Gdynia are discussed below.

PL

Modernizacja oświetlenia skutecznie redukuje koszty zużycia energii elektrycznej. Optyka opraw LED pozwala kierować strumień światła dokładnie tam, gdzie jest potrzebny. Możliwości wyboru barwy światła oraz równomierności oświetlenia tworzą komfortowe warunki prowadzenia pojazdów oraz korzystania z przestrzeni miejskiej. W argumentacji na korzyść wymiany opraw na pierwszy plan wysuwane są korzyści finansowe wynikające z zastosowania opraw energooszczędnych. Jednakże modernizacja poprawia również bezpieczeństwo i komfort życia. Ponadto strumień światła opraw LED jest przyjazny dla oka i w maksymalnym stopniu odzwierciedla naturalne światło dzienne. Taka barwa światła pozwala prawidłowo ocenić odległość innych przedmiotów i osób w porze nocnej. Nie bez znaczenia jest także aspekt ekologiczny. Oprawy LED są wykonane bez użycia pierwiastków szkodliwych dla środowiska. Dzięki zmniejszonemu zużyciu energii elektrycznej do atmosfery trafia mniej CO2, związków siarki, azotu oraz innych substancji toksycznych. Poniżej omówimy korzyści energetyczne i ekologiczne modernizacji opraw w Gdyni.

18

Możliwości poprawy procesu spalania i ograniczenia emisji w aspekcie konkluzji BAT dla dużych obiektów energetycznego spalania

Żak Grażyna, Markowski Jarosław, Wojtasik Michał

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

|

2019

|

R. 22, Nr 6 (248)

11--13

PL

Decyzja wykonawcza Komisji (UE) 2017/1442 z dnia 31 lipca 2017 r. [1] ustanawiająca konkluzje dotyczące najlepszych dostępnych technik w odniesieniu do dużych obiektów energetycznego spalania zgodnie z dyrektywą Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2010/75/UE [2] została opublikowana w Dzienniku Urzędowym Unii Europejskiej (L212) w dniu 17 sierpnia 2017 r. Prowadzący instalacje energetycznego spalania będą zobowiązani do wprowadzenia do praktyki produkcyjnej odpowiednich rozwiązań w celu spełnienia konkluzji BAT do dnia 16 sierpnia 2021 r.

EN

Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1442 of 31 July 2017 [1] establishing the Best Available Techniques Conclusions for large combustion plants in accordance with Directive 2010/75 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council [2] was published in Official Journal of the European Union (L212) on 17 August 2017. Operators of combustion installations will be required to implement a production practice of appropriate solutions to meet the BAT conclusions by 16 August 2021.

19

Czyste Powietrze - wymiana kotła kontra kompleksowa termomodernizacja

Firląg Szymon, Chmielewski Adrian

Rynek Instalacyjny

|

2019

|

Nr 4

56--60

PL

Sama wymiana starych kotłów węglowych na nowe kotły 5 klasy może przyczynić się do wzrostu kosztów użytkowania budynków. Zwiększy to skalę ubóstwa energetycznego i spowoduje, że oczekiwane efekty programu „Czyste Powietrze” (redukcja emisji zanieczyszczeń) będą nietrwałe - właściciele powrócą do wykorzystywania taniego paliwa. W stosunku do samej wymiany kotła lub ocieplenia przegród kompleksowa termomodernizacja pozwala na największą redukcję emisji zanieczyszczeń - w analizowanych przypadku o 95% dla pyłów, o 98% dla B(a)P, o 80% dla SO2, o 43% dla NOx, o 97% dla CO i o 72% dla CO2 oraz uzyskanie największych oszczędności - 3,3 tys. zł rocznie w analizowanym przypadku.

EN

The replacement of old coal boilers with new class 5 boilers may increase in the cost of building use. This will increase the scale of energy poverty and cause that the expected effects of the Clean Air Programme (reduction of pollutant emissions) will be impermanent - the owners will return to using cheap fuel. In relation to the boiler replacement or insulation of partitions only, comprehensive renovation allows for the highest reduction of pollutant emissions - in the analyzed case by 95% for dusts particles, by 98% for B(a)P, by 80% for SO2, by 43% for NOx, by 97% for CO and 72% for CO2 and obtaining the largest savings of 3,3 thousand PLN annually in the analyzed case.

20

DME as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines - a review

Stepanenko Denys, Kneba Zbigniew

Combustion Engines

|

2019

|

R. 58, nr 2

172--179

EN

The ecological issues and the depletion of crude oil, has led the researchers to seeking for non-petroleum based alternative fuels, along with more advanced combustion technologies, and after-treatment systems. The use of clean alternative fuels is the one of the most perspective method that aiming at resolving of the said issues. One of the promising alternative fuels that can be used as a clean high-efficiency compression ignition fuel with reduced of toxic emissions is dimethyl ether (DME). Moreover, it can be produced from various feedstocks such as natural gas, coal, biomass and others. This article describes the properties and the potential of DME application on the combustion and emission reduction characteristics of the compression ignition engines.