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The issue of the atmosphere protection against toxic compounds gas emissions in maritime transport

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 3

293--300

EN

The paper discusses influence of the charging air parameters marine diesel engine on the emission toxic compounds in aspect of protecting the atmosphere against pollution from the sea vessels, pointed to the possibility of reducing NOx emissions by changing the parameters of charging air. In this group of activities undertaken to reduce nitric oxides emissions applied inter alia cooling the air and changes in pressure at the beginning of compression stroke. This is discussed in the background of normative acts, in particular the 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines.It was also discussed the issue of air humidification as a method to reduce NOx by injecting hot water into a stream of pumped air. This is an overview on the example of two methods proposed for using in marine engines: CASS (Combustion Air Saturation System), HAM (Humid Air Motor system). The results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), of ship diesel engine supplied with marine heavy fuel oil IF40 have been presented in this paper.

2

Badania wpływu poziomu doładowania okrętowego silnika tłokowego na poziom emisji tlenków azotu

Witkowski K.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2011

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R. 50, nr 3

PL

W referacie omówiono problematykę ochrony atmosfery przed zanieczyszczeniami ze statków morskich na tle aktów normatywnych, w szczególności Konwencji MARPOL 73/78 (Międzynarodowa konwencja o zapobieganiu zanieczyszczeniom przez statki) odnoszącej się do przeciwdziałania zanieczyszczaniu środowiska morskiego z późniejszymi poprawkami, w tym aneksem VI dotyczącym redukcji emisji do atmosfery przez silniki okrętowe tlenków azotu i tlenków siarki. W referacie zaprezentowano wyniki badań eksperymentalnych wpływu zmian ciśnienia powietrza doładowującego na skład gazów spalinowych, w szczególności w odniesieniu do zawartości tlenków azotu (NOx), przez okrętowy silnik tłokowy spalający paliwo ciężkie IF40.

EN

The paper discusses the problems protecting the atmosphere against pollution from sea vessels in the background of normative acts, in particular the 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines. The results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), of ship diesel engine supplied with marine heavy fuel oil IF40 have been presented in the paper.

3

Research on influence of change marine diesel engine of charging air parameters on its nitrogen oxides emission

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 2

505-510

EN

The article presents the results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), ofship diesel engine supplied with marine heavy fuel oil IF 40. Nitric oxides emissions for a given engine will depend on charging air parameters. Change of air parameters in this method of reducing NOX emissions involves cooling the air and changes in pressure at the beginning of compression stroke. The process of cooling the scavenging air means decreases the inlet air temperature and at the same time decreases the maximum cylinder temperature. Atmosphere protection against pollution on sea vessels covers one of the most important areas of human ecological activity which has its own history as well as some achievements. The most crucial ones include 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines.

4

Research on influence of selected failures on the exhaust gas content of ship diesel engine working on heayy fuel oil

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 4

507-512

EN

The article is devoted to problems connected with pollution of the atmosphere by ship engines. Atmosphere protection against pollution on sea vessels covers one of the most important areas of human ecological activity which has its own history as well as some achievements. The most crucial ones include 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines Nitric oxides emissions from a given engine will depend on engine technical condition. Therefore it was to decided execute laboratory tests on influence of selected failures ship diesel engine, on its exhaust gas content, first of all on change nitric oxygen emission level. The article presents the results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure, injection advance angle and injector opening pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), of ship diesel engine supplied with marine heavyfuel oil IF4.

5

Research on influence of some ship diesel engine malfunctions on its exhaust gas toxicity

Krzyżanowski J., Witkowski K.

Polish Maritime Research

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2004

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nr 1

24-26

EN

This paper is a continuation of the previous articles of the authors, published in Polish Maritime Research [1, 2], devoted to pollution of the atmosphere due ship diesel engines in operation. In the paper presented are results of the investigations carried out in the Gdynia Maritime Academy laboratory with the use of a ship one-cylinder diesel engine combusting heavy fuel oil. Two its possible malfunctions: changes of fuel injection pressure and changes of injection advance angle were simulated. Both malfunctions, which might occur as a result of incorrect engine regulation or wearing or contamination of engine elements, were simulated separately. The presented investigations were focused on finding out relationships between the assumed malfunctions and exhaust gas content, especially content of nitric oxides (NOx), very toxic compoŹunds. The paper is ended by several conclusions arising from analysis of the results which have - apart from their cognitive merits - also an utilitarian character as they may be put into practice by ship operators, provided that some limitations resulting from the specific conditions of the reported laboratory investigations are appropriately taken into account.