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Exhaust emission estimation in freight transport systems

Szczepański E., Gołda P., Jacyna-Gołda I., Izdebski M.

Journal of KONES

2018

Vol. 25, No. 1

395--406

Modelling of transport systems is a complex issue requiring taking into account many factors that allow for the mapping of the real system and thus allowing decision support. In the era of increasingly higher requirements for services, transport also faces the challenges of sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research both in the sphere of technical and organizational solutions aimed at limiting pollutant emissions. Mapping in the model the negative impact of transport on the environment allows for planning the implementation of the transport service taking into account the pro-ecological criterion. This is particularly important in urban areas where traffic and especially heavy goods vehicles are particularly onerous for inhabitants and require limiting transport work in the city area and the use of environmentally friendly rolling stock. The aim of the article is to present the considerations regarding the modelling of transport systems including pollutant emissions. The article introduces the problem of cargo distribution and a review of the models of estimation of pollution emission in the micro and macro scale was carried out. Next, a mathematical model was proposed which is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem of the so-called Green VRP. In the distribution model was used COPERT methodology for estimation of harmful substance emission. In article examples of calculations carried out on the example of the city of Warsaw for the organization of cargo distribution due to the CO emission criterion was presented. The article ended with a short synthesis of the work carried out.

Problematyka emisji toksycznych składników spalin silników lotniczych

Pawlak M., Kuźniar M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

2017

R. 18, nr 12

338--344, CD

W artykule poruszono problematykę emisji toksycznych składników spalin silników lotniczych. Opisano specyfikę operacji lotniczych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem etapu startu/lądowania (LTO - landing takeoff operation) oraz metody szacowania wskaźników emisji CO i NOₓ dla silników odrzutowych samolotów w zależności od wykonywanego manewru/etapu lotu. Bazując na dostępnych raportach i bazach danych ICAO, dokonano wyznaczenia współczynników emisji wybranych toksycznych składników spalin oraz ilości wyemitowanych zanieczyszczeń. Dokonano analizy porównawczej typowych silników stosowanych w samolotach średnio i dalekodystansowych, zarówno tych starszej, jak i nowszej generacji.

The paper presents the issues of emission of toxic compounds in exhaust gases of aviation engines. The specifics of aviation operations with particular focus on the landing take-off operation (LTO) and methods for estimating CO and NOₓ emission factors for aircraft jet engines, depending on the maneuver / flight stage, were described. Based on available ICAO reports and databases, emission factors for selected toxic exhaust components and loads of those pollutant emissions were determined. A comparative analysis of typical engines used in medium and long haul aircrafts, both older and newer was performed.