The use of materials in any application often requires their modification to achieve the desired physicochemical properties. In the case of specific applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) or surface plasmon resonance (SPR), modification is limited to the surface of substrates used in these techniques. However, it may significantly improve the selectivity of these surface-sensitive analytical techniques. This review is devoted to two techniques often used in the surface modification of substrates for SERS or SPR, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) approach and electrografting. This review provides general information about both methods of surface modification, including their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. In the case of electrografting, the strategies for preventing the formation of organic multilayers are additionally discussed.
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