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1

The Status of Textile-Based Dry EEG Electrodes

Tseghai Granch Berhe, Malengier Benny, Fante Kinde Anlay, Van Langenhove Lieva

Autex Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 1

63--70

EN

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the biopotential recording of electrical signals generated by brain activity. It is useful for monitoring sleep quality and alertness, clinical applications, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with epilepsy, disease of Parkinson and other neurological disorders, as well as continuous monitoring of tiredness/alertness in the field. We provide a review of textile-based EEG. Most of the developed textile-based EEGs remain on shelves only as published research results due to a limitation of flexibility, stickability, and washability, although the respective authors of the works reported that signals were obtained comparable to standard EEG. In addition, nearly all published works were not quantitatively compared and contrasted with conventional wet electrodes to prove feasibility for the actual application. This scenario would probably continue to give a publication credit, but does not add to the growth of the specific field, unless otherwise new integration approaches and new conductive polymer composites are evolved to make the application of textile-based EEG happen for bio-potential monitoring.

2

Development of Underwear with Integrated 12 Channel ECG for Men and Women

Trummer S., Ehrmann A., Büsgen A.

Autex Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 17, no. 4

344--349

EN

Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent cause of death worldwide. Cases of cardiac arrest can often be attributed to undetected cardiac arrhythmia. Detecting rare episodes of arrhythmia necessitates long-term ECG measurements along days or weeks. However, due to the relatively small number of electrodes used for these ECGs, abnormal episodes can still go unrecognized. This article thus describes the development of underwear with ten inbuilt textile ECG electrodes, allowing for the measurement of long-term 12-lead ECG. As against the constructs of other research groups, the position of electrodes offers the same detection directions as the common 12-lead ECG equipment in hospitals or medical practices. Long-term tests have shown the suitability of the sensory underwear variants for men and women to detect reliable ECG signals without disturbing the patients’ comfort.

3

The Manufacturing of Textile Products with Incorporated Electrodes

Curteza A., Cretu V., Macovei L., Poboroniuc M.

Autex Research Journal

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2016

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Vol. 16, no. 1

13--18

EN

One of the main causes of disabling deficits is neurological affections. Many times, the evolution of the condition leads to a diminution of the patient’s life quality. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is part of the neurological rehabilitation process that comprises all the actions one can take in order to increase a patient’s integration and autonomy degree from a social and financial point of view. FES is a method based on substituting the commands that are usually transmitted by the nervous system with an electric impulse. The use of such a method on different body areas required the development of some adequate devices, starting with the stimulator itself and finishing with the way in which the stimulus is conveyed to the effectors. Textile materials that incorporate sensors and, mainly, the clothing products that have such components in their structure, have a high applicability potential; they can be used for preventing illnesses and for the rehabilitation of seniors, of people who are confined to bed, sportsmen, people who suffer from long-term illnesses, disabled people, thus diminishing the time one spends in the hospital. A possible solution for manufacturing incorporated textile electrodes consists in the insertion of some electro-conductive yarns onto textile surfaces by using a variety of technologies. The project approaches the use of knitting, a widespread textile technology. The incorporated knitted electrodes were accomplished by applying the knitting technology on single circular small diameter machines. Thus, we were able to obtain a variety of knitted articles as two-dimensional or three-dimensional tubular knitted fabric. Their dimensions, structures, and parameters correspond to the typo-dimensions of the human body and to the purpose for which the clothing product was designed. The knitted versions were tested by using a Microstim2v2 (PW = 300 μs, 40 Hz) neurostimulator for which the current intensity was adjusted to approx. 30 mA.

4

Elektrody tekstylne do elektrostymulacji mięśni – doniesienie wstępne

Nawarycz T., Frydrysiak M., Zięba J., Ostrowska-Nawarycz L., Tęsiorowski Ł., Gniotek K., Błaszczyk J.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2014

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Vol. 20, nr 3

166--171

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano elementy konstrukcji elektrod tekstylnych (TXT) przeznaczonych do elektrostymulacji mięśni, jak również wyniki wstępnych badań aplikacyjnych u osób zdrowych. Badaniami objęto 65 zdrowych ochotników (wiek: 20,2 ± 1,4 lat), u których analizowano wrażenia subiektywne towarzyszące elektrostymulacji mięśni kończyn górnych i dolnych z użyciem testowanych elektrod TXT oraz standardowych elektrod żelowych (EERC200M, BioMedical Life System, USA). Do elektrostymulacji zastosowano przenośny elektrostymulator EMS D7 (BioMedical Life System, USA). Wszystkie badania wykonywane były pod nadzorem przeszkolonych osób, zaś skategoryzowane wrażenia subiektywne badane osoby określały za pomocą ankiety. Wyniki wykazały dobrą tolerancję testowanych elektrod TXT przez większość badanych ochotników.

EN

The textile electrodes (TXT) for the electrostimulation of muscles, as well as the preliminary results of application in healthy subjects, are presented in the paper. The study involved 65 healthy volunteers (age: 20.2 ± 1.4 years). The subjective feeling associated with electrical stimulation of muscles of the upper and lower limbs, were examined. Textile TXT electrodes and standard gel electrodes (EERC200M, BioMedical Life System, USA), were tested. For electrostimulation a portable electrostimulator EMS D7 (BioMedical Life System, USA) was used. All tests were performed under the supervision of trained personnel and subjects described their subjective impressions by means of questionnaire. Results proved the generally good tolerability of the tested electrodes TXT by the majority of examined volunteers.

5

Układ mikroprocesorowy do oceny rezystancji powierzchniowej elektrod tekstylnych służących do elektrostymulacji mięśni

Tęsiorowski Ł., Frydrysiak M., Zięba J.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 2

191-193

PL

Wytwarzanie tekstylnych elektrod do elektrostymulacji mięśni może być realizowane za pomocą technologii drukowania atramentami elektroprzewodzącycmi. Po naniesieniu warstwy elektroprzewodzącej należy wykonać pomiar rezystancji powierzchniowej, której rozkład jest nierównomierny. W tym celu skonstruowano układ mikroprocesorowy do oceny rezystancji powierzchniowej. Układ ten wykorzystuje sondę pomiarową wielopunktową. Porównano wyniki pomiarów rezystancji powierzchniowej z użyciem różnych próbek tekstylnych.

EN

Preparation of textile electrodes for electrostimulation muscles can be realized by means of electroconductive ink printing technology. After applying the electroconductive layer should be measured surface resistance that local distribution is non-homogeneous. Microprocessor setup for evaluation of surface resistance was designed. This setup uses multipoint measurement probe. Results of measurement the surface resistance for different kind of textiles was compared.

6

Research of Textile Electrodes for Electrotheraphy

Zięba J., Frydrysiak M., Tokarska M.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2011

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Vol. 19, no. 5 (88)

70--74

EN

A textile electrode, which can be used for medicinal applications, especially in electrotherapy, can be an example of a textronic product. This paper presents initial research on textile electroconductive materials which can be used as textile electrodes for muscle electrostimulation. Measurement results for the volume and surface resistance of selected electroconductive materials are presented. Dual and multipoint probes were used for the measurements. The surfer program and interpolation methods based on the Kriging interpolation algorithm were used to visualise the results received. For an inaccuracy assessment of the resistance determination, the procedures described in the ‘guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement’ were used.

PL

Tekstylne elektrody należą do grupy produktów tekstronicznych, które mogą znaleźć zastosowanieszczególności do elektrostymulacji. W artykule zostały przedstawione wstępne badania tekstylnych materiałów o właściwościach elektroprzewodzących. Materiały te mogą być wykorzystane do konstrukcji tekstylnych elektrod przeznaczonych do elektrostymulacji mięśni. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki pomiarów rezystancji skrośnej i powierzchniowej wybranych materiałów elektroprzewodzących. Pomiary zostały wykonane za pomocą dwu punktowej oraz wielopunktowej sondy pomiarowej. Do wizualizacji wyników pomiarów wykorzystano program SURFER oraz metodę interpolacji bazującą na algorytmie Kriging.