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Dwuwymiarowa separacja technikami chromatografii i elektroforezy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem połączenia ich w proces jednoetapowy

Łopaciuk E., Dzido T. H.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2013

[Z] 67, 9-10

899--927

Liquid chromatography and electrophoresis techniques are very often applied in contemporary laboratory practice. These techniques usually show different separation selectivity. It is due to various separation mechanisms involved in these two modes. In the former, partition of solutes between stationary and mobile phases influences on separation selectivity and retention contrary to the latter in which electrophoretic effect is involved in separation mechanism. The features mentioned are very useful for combination of these two techniques into two-dimensional separation of complicated samples of biomedical and environmental origin. Development of such approach is a very promising for contemporary separation sciences. The paper presents an overview of two-dimensional separation techniques, in which both liquid chromatography and electrophoresis have been involved especially in continuous mode.

Elektrochromatografia kapilarna : teoretyczne podstawy i zastosowania

Malinowska I., Drozdzowski M., Bojarski J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2005

[Z] 59, 9-10

771--789

In this article the theoretical basis of capillary electrochromatography are presented, as well as some of its analytical applications. The historical background of this analytical method is briefly outlined. The nature of Helmholtz and Stern double layer at the phase boundary resulting in the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and the equations describing its velocity are shortly discussed. From these equations it follows that EOF depends on the properties of liquid phase (a ratio of dielectric constant to viscosity), the electric field intensity and the electric double layer (ζ potential) but does not depend on the diameter of particles of column or capillary packing. The relationship between EOF and efficiency of the chromatographic system is discussed and some advantages and disadvantages of electrochromatography are mentioned. The columns (capillaries) used in electrochromatography (packed, open tubular and monolytic) are described. The applications of capillary electrochromatography described here encompass enantioselective analysis and separation of mixtures of analytes. The examples of enantioseparations deal mainly with drugs, whereas electrochromatographic separations of mixtures are exemplified by amino acids, peptides, proteins and some groups of drugs (barbiturates and benzodiazepines). It is concluded that electrochromatography, although relatively "young" analytical method, found important applications and is in the phase of constant development.