Wraz z postępem w budownictwie pojawiają się nowe, lepsze materiały i technologie. Pozwalają one tworzyć coraz lepsze i trwalsze elementy obiektów odporniejsze na oddziaływanie różnych czynników. Mimo wszystko użytkownicy budynków wciąż borykają się z zawilgoceniem przegród, występującym w wyniku prowadzonych procesów budowlanych, błędnie wykonanych zabezpieczeń wodochronnych czy też po prostu w wyniku awarii lub powodzi. W związku z tym tematyka osuszania jest regularnie poruszana. Należy jednak pamiętać, że nie tylko znajomość samych metod, ale przede wszystkim umiejętne ich dobranie do sytuacji stanowi gwarancję sukcesu. Artykuł porządkuje zagadnienia dotyczące podejścia do osuszania budynku i samego osuszania.
EN
Nowadays, with the progress in construction market, appear a lot of better materials and technologies. They allow creating better and longer-lasting elements of building objects that are more resistant to external impact. However, in spite of everything, users of the buildings still very often have to cope with dampness of the partitions, whether as a result of construction processes or incorrectly made water protections or simply as a result of a installation failures or flood. Therefore, the subject of the drying of the partition is regularly discussed. However, it should be remembered that very important achieve success is not only the knowledge of the methods themselves, but also ability to match them to a specific situation. The article organizes issues related to the approach to drying the building and drying itself. The article attempt to order issues related to drying dump buildings.
Paper presents and explains the differences between non wireless and wireless electro-osmosis. Based on information provided by companies that use electromagnetic fields of different frequencies, the device was designed, built and tested in the basement of a historic building and in the laboratory. The experiments confirmed (in all evaluated tests) that the wireless electro-osmosis does not affect the amount of water in porous materials.
The paper presents results of a research study that examined electroosmosis application for drying of building materials - cellular concrete block and brick. It was found that the effectiveness of electroosmosis in drying brick is much higher than that in drying cellular concrete blocks. This is probably due to high porosity of cellular concrete, which increases a capillary influx of water into the material, largely negating the effect of electroosmosis. For mathematical processing of the research results the computer software STATISTICA has been used.
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In the presented paper an clay soil and some possibilities of its properties improvement as an electro-osmosis, electro-foresis and cations exchange is discussed. The attention was paid to the clay minerals especially a montmorillonite which has very interesting properties according to its behaviour and practical stabilization possibilities.
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Nowadays a perspective appears of applying porous glasses in microanalytical devices. The opportunity of application of porous glasses as optical sensors has been shown in the present paper. Preliminary results of studying the electroosmotic flows through porous glasses are discussed.
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In the mining area of Sardinia, many years after the end of industrial activity, a lot of tailing basins result as abandoned and constitute dangerous sources of contamination for groundwater and soils. Aimed at avoiding the diffusion of contaminants, electroosmotic technique can be used to realise low permeability barriers both at the basin bottom and along its perimeter. The paper describes the experimental activity carried out for evaluating the effectiveness of the electroosmotic technique and its applicability to a specific case of tailing dam remediation.
PL
Na górniczych terenach Sardynii, wiele lat po zakończeniu działalności technologicznej, powstało wiele niecek odpadowych, które stanowią niebezpieczne źródła skażenia wód gruntowych i gleb. Aby nie dopuścić do dyfuzji substancji skażających, zastosować można technikę elektroosmozy do tworzenia barier niskiej przepuszczalności na dnie niecek i wzdłuż ich obwodu. Opracowanie opisuje eksperymenty prowadzone dla oceny efektywności techniki elektroosmozy i możliwość jej zastosowania w konkretnym przypadku zapobiegania przez powstanie zapory odpadowej.
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For decades electrochemical technology has contributed successfully to environmental protection. Electroanalytical techniques have been frequently used in monitoring the changes of environment. In industry, electrochemical technologies can provide higher purity in technological processes and they can also limit a degradation of the environment in comparison to the common chemical methods. Electrochemistry has been also very useful in developing and in the production of new energy sources. A lot of attention has been paid to studies of environmentally friendly hydrogen fuel cells. The electrochemical techniques of waste degradation can be divided into two main categories: (i) techniques based on the faradaic processes of oxidation or reduction of contamination, and (ii) electrokinetic methods based on the transport of ions or charged particles in the electric field. The electrode processes result in the formation of deposits on the electrode surface or the decomposition of large organic molecules to the low molecular weight, easily biodegradable molecules or CO2. The electrokinetic techniques include electrocoagulation, electroosmosis, electrodialysis, and electroflotation. These techniques are widely used in removing contaminants from soil. This paper is focused on selected topics related to the environmentally friendly application of electrochemistry.
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