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Calibration of surveying instruments and tools – means to the quality increase of deformation measurements

Ježko J.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2014

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Vol. 13, iss. 4

17--22

EN

Purpose This paper describes selected control and calibration procedures of some surveying instruments and tools (digital levels and code bar levelling staffs, total stations and electronic tacheometers, and reflective systems). Methods The calibration of horizontal circles of optical and electronic theodolites can be carried out under laboratory conditions, e.g. on an automated device for the calibration of optical polygons EZB-3 in the Slovak Institute of Metrology in Bratislava (SIM). Results The results of testing the influence of lighting when working with a digital levelling instrument are presented. Furthermore, the procedure and results of the calibration of horizontal circles of surveying instruments on a calibration device (Slovak Institute of Metrology in Bratislava) are described in this paper. Practical implications The result of such calibration is a set of horizontal scale corrective values for particular nominal values of the scale, determined using a series of measurements, and eventually the provision of the parameters of approximating function. Originality/ value The use of a laser interferometer (laser measurement system XL 10 f. RENISHAW) for the calibration of the code leveling rod, respectively of the system calibration (digital leveling device – code late) prepared by the Department of Geodesy, SUT Bratislava with the help of European projects, will then be implemented in a unique facility in the Slovak Republic.

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Sokkia SET x50X/x50RX

Sudra P.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2010

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nr 8

44-45

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The feasibility of applying automatic target recognition in trigonometric levelling

Próchniewicz D., Szpunar R., Walo J., Pachuta A.

Reports on Geodesy

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2007

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z. 1/82

267-273

EN

The obtained results of the field experiments fully confirmed the feasibility of applying ATR systems in trigonometric levelling. In the tested span experiment at Józefosław, the value difference of height differences obtained with precise geometric levelling and the mean value of all measurements differed by a mere 2.7 mm, and for midnight measurements - it did not exceed 1 mm. The measurements made in the Pieniny Range were also successful in the case of observation compatibility and limiting the impact of atmospheric refraction on measurement results. Unfortunately, the comparison of the obtained height differences with those of 5 years ago showed considerable discrepancies stemming from benchmark subsiding rather than technological accuracy of trigonometric levelling. To verify this thesis it is planned to repeat trigonometric measurements on the testing ground in the Pieniny and to carry out control measurements by means of precise geometric levelling. Summing up, one can note that the use of tacheometers along with ATR enables to automate measurements and related quasi-continuous observations. These traits enable moreover: - to increase the number of observations, and what follows, increase accuracy and reliability of the zenithal length determined, - to average measurements made over a long period, which enables to undermine the influence of atmospheric refraction on the value of height difference measured, - to make observations in different atmospheric conditions, including nighttime when the atmosphere is stable, - to eliminate personal errors of the observer, - to analyze conducted observations in real time.

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Testing the constancy of the target axis with a change in focusing in precise theodolites and electronic tacheometers

Odziemczyk W.

Reports on Geodesy

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2007

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z. 1/82

211-216

EN

The obtained measurement results show that for short targets of a few metres long, position changes of the target axis are considerable and even come close to lc (TC1610). Even in the case of the telescopes of precise T 2002 theodolites geared for close object measurements, target axis vacillations almost amount to 40cc. The course of vertical changes in the target axis vacillations is quite distinctive/typical/unusual/interesting? For all tested instruments the character of these changes was very similar. It is a phenomenon which is difficult to explain in a clear fashion. It should be also noted that the greatest changes take place with short targets up to about 10 m. Vacillations of the target axis above this length are considerably smaller and generally do not exceed 10cc. Although target axis movements expressed in terms of angular units are significant, their influence on accurate location of a point position is slight and does not exceed (especially for the horizontal component) a few hundredths millimeters. In spite of this changes in the target axis should be taken into consideration in designing high precision angular measurements for small objects.

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Procedures for accuracy assessment of electronic tacheometers as used in fieldwork conditions in accordance with ISO standards

Pawłowski W.

Reports on Geodesy

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2007

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z. 1/82

251-258

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Programowanie wewnętrzne tachimetrów elektronicznych w celu automatyzacji badania ich dokładności kątowych

Karsznia K.

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2003

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R. 75, nr 1

12-15

7

Badanie zasięgu pomiaru odległości wybranymi tachimetrami elektronicznymi przy zastosowaniu folii odblaskowych

Gabryś B., Malicki J., Sołtys M.

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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1999

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R. 71, nr 6

6-8