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1

The use of DRS and GC to study the effects of ionizing radiation on paper artifacts

Głuszewski W., Boruc B., Kubera H., Abbasowa D.

Nukleonika

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2015

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Vol. 60, No. 3, part 2

665--668

EN

Radiation preservation of objects of historical significance is an interesting proposition for museums, archives, libraries and private collectors. In this paper, we have limited ourselves to studying the effects of ionizing radiation on the paper. The radiation resistance of various grades of paper was examined in INCT. Irradiations were done by electron beam (10 MeV, 10 kW) and by gamma radiation (7 kG/h), for the purpose of comparison. Yields of hydrogen and absorption of oxygen were determined by gas chromatography (GC). For this purpose, the first time in an original way was used diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). Described as the dose, dose rate, and lignin were found to affect degradation processes of cellulose. Examined the protective effect of lignin in the process of radiation degradation of paper. Proposed research methodology can be successfully applied to study other materials relevant to the conservation of works of art.

2

Measurements of electron and ion beams emitted from the PF-1000 device in the upstream and downstream direction

Kwiatkowski R., Skladnik-Sadowska E., Malinowski K., Sadowski M. J., Czaus K., Zebrowski J., Karpinski L., Paduch M., Scholz M., Garkusha I. E., Kubeš P.

Nukleonika

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2011

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Vol. 56, No. 2

119-123

EN

In this paper we report on measurements of the energy spectra and other properties of the electron and fast ion beams emitted in the upstream and downstream direction along the z-axis of a large plasma focus device PF-1000, that was operated at 21-27 kV, delivering 290–480 kJ pulse. Measurements of the electron beam (EB) properties were performed using a magnetic analyzer. Properties of the ion beams were measured by means of pinhole cameras equipped with PM-355 nuclear track detectors and placed at various angles (0, 60 and 180 centigrade) to the discharge axis. Measurements revealed a complex spatial structure of the fast ion beams. The ion measurements behind the PF-1000 collector proved that some fast deuterons are emitted also in the upstream direction. Measurements of the EBs emitted in the upstream and downstream direction revealed electron energies in the range from approximately 40 keV to approximately 800 keV. These spectra confirm that in localized regions within the PF-1000 plasma column there appear strong fields accelerating charged particles in different directions along the discharge axis.

3

Odchylanie i modelowanie rozkładu energii wiązki elektronów w urządzeniu EB-PVD

Kozłowski M., Sielanko W., Czopik A., Jędrzejczyk M., Olszewska K.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2009

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Vol. 50, nr 1

76-79

PL

W pracy przedstawiono sposób odchylania oraz modelowania rozkładu energii WE w urządzeniu EB-PVD pozwalający na precyzyjne pozycjonowanie wiązki na omiatanej powierzchni. Dzięki temu uzyskano równomierny rozkład temperatury na całej powierzchni materiału, który podgrzewany przez WE paruje na przygotowane podłoże.

EN

The articles present the method of deflection and modeling of an electron beam energy distribution in EB-PVD device that enables precise positioning of the beam on the scanning surface. Hence an even temperature distribution on the whole surface of the material is achieved. The material heated by the electron beam vaporizes on the prepared substrate.

4

Specific heat of selected graphites used in calorimetry of electron beam and its influence on the accuracy of measurement of large dose

Panta P., Głuszewski W.

Nukleonika

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2005

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Vol. 50,suppl.2

55-57

EN

Calorimetry is applicable to both absolute calibration of routine dosimeters and absolute measurements of electron beam (EB) intensity (for industrial radiation processing). Advantages of graphite as the absorbing calorimetric material are a good heat capacity and negligible heat defect of this material. Knowledge of the specific heat capacities of the calorimetric core materials is fundamental in making absolute dose measurements. Two kinds of high-purity graphite used in calorimeters were analysed, i.e. Union Carbide grade AGOT and nuclear grade graphite [10]. There are some differences of specific heat of these graphites, up to 2% , which influence dosimetric response of calorimeters made of them.