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1

Recent trends on electro chemical machining process of metallic materials: a review

Liu Shoufa, Thangamani Geethapriyan, Thangaraj Muthuramalingam, Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e158, 2023

EN

Many newer higher strength materials are being synthesized for variable automobile, aerospace and manufacturing applications in the present scenario. Since it is very difficult to cut such materials using conventional machining process, it is important to utilize unconventional machining process. In the present study, a detailed survey has been made to analyze the influence of various process parameters, effects of electrodes, optimization and electrolytes on performance measures in Electro chemical machining process. The effects of pulse related parameters on electrode materials, coating materials and its thickness on material removal, overcut and surface topography were investigated under different perspectives such materials, electrolyte and machining parameters. From the detailed literatures, it has been inferred that still lot of research works have been required to find the suitable electrolytes and their combination during the machining process. It has also been found that the performance measures of the machining process can be improved by adopting different and suitable optimization algorithms.

2

Simulation and characterization of SOFC fuel cell model

Mankour Mohamed, Sekour M’hamed, Koulali Mustapha

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2022

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R. 98, nr 7

18--24

EN

The SOFC fuel cell is one of the so-called solid electrolyte fuel cells that operate at high temperatures of 650 to 1200°C. This temperature level is necessary for the solid electrolyte to have sufficient ionic conductivity. This high temperature causes a very high heat exchange between the various components of the SOFC. In the 1-D model, the fuel cell is usually treated as a set of layers including interconnects, air channel, electrodes, electrolyte, and fuel channel both gas composition and flow rate in each channel are assumed to be constant, and their mean values are used in the simulation.

PL

Ogniwo paliwowe SOFC należy do tzw. ogniw paliwowych ze stałym elektrolitem, które pracują w wysokich temperaturach od 650 do 1200°C. Ten poziom temperatury jest konieczny, aby elektrolit stały miał wystarczającą przewodność jonową. Tak wysoka temperatura powoduje bardzo dużą wymianę ciepła pomiędzy poszczególnymi elementami SOFC.

3

Use of Synthesis Gas as Fuel for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Alvarez-Cedillo Jesus A., Alvarez-Sanchez Teodoro, Sandoval-Gomez Raul J., Gonzalez-Vasquez Alexis, Sarabia-Alonso Teresa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

35--41

EN

There is a real need to use various efficient energy supply systems that are not aggressive towards the global environment. Hydrogen has been seen in different research papers presented in the literature as an essential fuel to generate energy in various energy storage systems. As it is well-known, it is possible to generate renewable electricity using electrolysis. The hydrogen produced can be sold as fuel for various systems, most notably its use in solid oxide fuel cells and a host of modern applications today. Current low-temperature fuel cells are ideal for hydrogen operation, but are not suitable for hydrogen mixtures. In this article, a mathematical analysis was carried out to generate electrical energy in a fuel cell, fed with synthesis gas from the residual biomass gasification process; the primary interest was the generation of electrical energy, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which operate at the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the gasifier were analyzed. The practical efficiency obtained and the theoretical results of the SOFC operation were shown.

4

Optimization of fluoride removal using ultrasonically improved electrochemically generated adsorbent: A Taguchi approach

Junghare Kunjan C., Kodape Shyam M., Rathod Ajit P., Lataye Dilip H.

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 43, nr 2

109–-117

EN

Ultrasonically improved electrochemically generated adsorbent (UEGA) has been synthesized and used for adsorption of fluoride ions from fluoride laden waste water. UEGA was prepared in two major steps, firstly electrochemically generated adsorbent (EGA) was prepared using electrolytic method followed by ultrasonication treatment. Ultrasonication causes size reduction which leads to increase in surface area viz. active site which helps to enhance attachment of negatively charged fluoride ion on positively changed UEGA from waste water. UEGA was prepared at three different amplitude i.e. 50, 70 and 90% respectively. Taguchi optimization for defluoridation was carried out considering operating parameters such as initial concentration; contact time; adsorbent dose; and temperature. The results obtained demonstrated that adsorption showed different fluoride removal at varying frequency. This study proved that varying percentage amplitude of ultrasonication significantly affects defluoridation efficiency.

5

Comparison of Electrochemical Micromachining Performance using TOPSIS, VIKOR and GRA for Magnetic field and UV rays heated Electrolyte

Saravanan K. G., Thanigaivelan R., Soundarrajan M.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 5

art. no. e138816

EN

The application of micro components in various fields such as biomedical, medical, automobile, electronics, automobile and aviation significantly improved. To manufacture the micro components, different techniques exist in the non-traditional machining process. In those techniques, electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) exhibits a unique machining nature, such as no tool wear, non-contact machining process, residual stress, and heat-affected zone. Hence, in this study, micro holes were fabricated on the copper work material. The sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) electrolyte is considered for the experiments. During the experiments, magnetic fields strength along with UV rays are applied to the electrolyte. The L₁₈ orthogonal array (OA) experimental design is planned with electrolyte concentration (EC), machining voltage (MV), duty cycle (DC) and electrolyte temperature (ET). The optimization techniques such as similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and grey relational analysis (GRA) were employed to find the optimal parameter combinations. The entropy weight method is used to assess the weight of responses such as MR and OC. The optimal combination using TOPSIS, VIKOR and GRA methods shows the same results for the experimental runs 8, 9 and 7, and the best optimal parameter combination is 28 g/l EC, 11 V MV, 85 % DC and 37°C ET. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, electrolyte concentration plays a significant role by contributing 86 % to machining performance. The second and least contributions are DC (3.86 %) and ET (1.74 %) respectively on the performance. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images analyses are carried out to understand the effect of magnetic field and heated electrolyte on the work material.

6

Li-S battery recycling

Siczek Krzysztof

Research in Logistics & Production

|

2019

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Vol. 9, No. 2

125--135

EN

Lithium-ion batteries are not situable for electric vehicles with high millage, military power supplies and fixed power networks. Therefore, the Li-S batteries have been intensively investigated, due to the high capacity, low cost, widespread source, and nontoxicity. The development of Li-S batteries causes increasing need to find the methods for their recycling. Some of them are discussed in the paper. The recycling of Li-S cell relates to its anode, cathode, electrolyte, binder and separator. The Li-S battery should be fully charged before recycling. There are potential methods for recycling of lithium from anodes, especially by re-melting. It is also possible to recycle some materials from the cathodes, especially sulfur by re-melting and graphite by dry crushing, Eco-bat Technologies method or the method investigated by Xiang et al. There is no effective recycling methods for electrolytes, binders and separators. It is necessary to carry out further studies on them.

7

Mechanisms for the improved flotation of inherently hydrophobic graphite in electrolyte solution

Lai Q., Liao Y., Liu Z., He Y., Zhao Y.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2018

|

Vol. 54, iss. 3

944--954

EN

It is well documented that unavoidable ions in a pulp such as Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ have a significant effect on the interaction for particles, especially for flotation of metallic sulfide minerals and clay minerals. In this study, the effect of electrolytes on the flotation of inherently hydrophobic mineral-graphite was studied. It was found that the zeta potential showed a dramatic decrease, and the reagent adsorption capacity of mineral enhanced in the present of electrolytes. The possible mechanism responsible for improved recovery was investigated by electrokinetic, surface tension and ions adsorption tests. It is likely that the hydrophobic force is stronger than the electrostatic force due to the reduced potential of graphite. This might be in favor of the formation of hydrophobic oil film leading to an increase in the graphite floatability. The experiments provided a new spectacle to study inherently hydrophobic mineral processing with electrolyte solution.

8

Badania stabilności chemicznej kompozytowego elektrolitu 3-YSZ-Al2O3 w stosunku do materiałów elektrodowych do zastosowania w średniotemperaturowych ogniwach paliwowych

Molin S., Bobruk M., Wyrwa J., Pleśniak J., Brylewski T.

Materiały Ceramiczne

|

2018

|

T. 70, nr 1

50--64

PL

Jednym z podstawowych wymogów stawianych materiałom na elektrolity do średniotemperaturowych ogniw paliwowych IT-SOFC (ang. intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells) jest ich kompatybilność chemiczna z elektrodami w temperaturach zarówno eksploatacji, jak i wytwarzania ogniw. W celu sprawdzenia, czy badany w pracy kompozytowy elektrolit o osnowie z częściowo stabilizowanego ditlenku cyrkonu i z wtrąceniami tlenku glinu w ilości 1% mol. (3-YSZ-Al2O3) może zostać zastosowany w celu zapewnienia odpowiedniej sprawności ogniw IT-SOFC przez długi okres eksploatacji, przeprowadzono analizę jego stabilności chemicznej w stosunku do materiału katody La0,6Sr0,4Co0,2Fe0,8O3 (LSCF48) oraz w stosunku do NiO, stanowiącego główny składnik materiału anody. Po wygrzewaniu mieszaniny elektrolitu i katody w proporcji wagowej 1:1 w 1273 K przez 5 i 100 godz., stwierdzono obecność nowych faz, które mogą wpływać na pogorszenie właściwości elektrochemicznych złącza elektrolit/katoda. W warunkach przewidywanej pracy ogniwa, tj. w temperaturze 1073 K elektrolit wykazuje zdecydowanie wyższą stabilność chemiczną w kontakcie z anodą aniżeli w kontakcie z katodą, która wynika z ograniczonej wzajemnej dyfuzji kationów w układzie 3-YSZ-Al2O3/NiO.

EN

One of the main features required of materials to be applied as electrolytes in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) is their chemical compatibility with electrodes at both operating temperatures and the temperatures at which the cells are manufactured. To verify whether the investigated composite electrolyte with a matrix consisting of partially stabilized zirconia and alumina inclusions of 1 mol% (3-YSZ-Al2O3) can be applied to ensure a sufficiently high long-term operating efficiency of IT-SOFCs, its chemical stability was analyzed via exposure to the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF48) cathode material and NiO, which constitutes the main component of the anode material. After annealing the mixture consisting of the electrolyte and the cathode material at a mass ratio of 1:1 for 5 and 100 hours at 1273 K, the presence of new phases that might affect the electrochemical properties of the electrolyte/cathode junction was observed. Under the anticipated operating conditions of the cell, i.e. at 1073 K, the electrolyte exhibits significantly higher chemical stability in contact with the anode material than when exposed to the cathode one, which can be attributed to the reduced interdiffusion of cations in the 3-YSZ-Al2O3/NiO system.

9

Wpływ rodzaju elektrolitu na stabilizację lub destabilizację dyspersji olej-woda w przepływie burzliwym w zbiorniku z mieszadłem

Marlęga P., Baranowska W., Bąk A., Podgórska W.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2018

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Nr 5

142--143

PL

Zbadano wpływ symetrycznego elektrolitu NaBr i niesymetrycznego elektrolitu MgCl2 na własności stabilizacyjne jonowego surfaktanta dla układu toluen-wodny roztwór SDS i elektrolitu. Oba elektrolity ułatwiają adsorpcję SDS, przy czym MgCl2 jest skuteczniejszy. Niekorzystny wpływ elektrolitu związany jest ze zmniejszeniem zasięgu podwójnej warstwy elektrycznej. NaBr pozwala zachować własności stabilizacyjne SDS przy jego niskich i wysokich stężeniach. MgCl2 zwiększa własności stabilizacyjne SDS przy jego wysokich stężeniach, ale całkowicie destabilizuje dyspersję przy niskich stężeniach SDS.

EN

The influence of symmetric (NaBr) and non-symmetric electrolyte (MgCl2) on stabilizing properties of ionic surfactant for dispersion toluene/(aqueous solution of SDS and electrolyte) was investigated. Both salts enhance SDS adsorption but MgCl2 is more effective. Unfavorable effect of electrolyte is associated with reduction of electric double layer extent. NaBr allows the preservation of stabilizing properties of SDS at its low and high concentrations. MgCl2 increases stabilizing effect at high SDS concentrations but can totally destabilize the dispersion at low SDS concentrations.

10

Ocena możliwości współpracy akumulatora sodowo-siarkowego z silnikiem spalinowym

Siczek K., Siczek K.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 6

1063--1066, CD

PL

W artykule omówiony został akumulator sodowo-siarkowy. Scharakteryzowano jego anodę, katodę i elektrolit. Omówiono konfigurację akumulatora Na-S oraz czynniki wpływające na jego pracę. Przedyskutowano możliwość wykorzystania akumulatora Na-S do współpracy z silnikiem spalinowym pojazdu.

EN

The article discussed a sodium-sulfur battery. It was characterized the anode, cathode and electrolyte. It was also discussed the configuration of the Na-S battery and factors influencing battery operation. It was analyzed the possibility of use the battery Na-S for cooperation with an internal combustion engine in the vehicle.

11

Influence of electrolyte on capacity and corrosion resistance of anode material used in Ni-MH cells

Giza K.

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2016

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nr 5

167--169

EN

The electrochemical capacity and corrosion resistance of the La2Ni9CoSn0.2 alloy in two different electrolytes (KOH and LiOH) at the same concentration (6 mol·dm-3) has been investigated. Higher values of capacities for the electrode during activation have been obtained in KOH solution. The corrosion current density and corrosion potential of La2Ni9CoSn0.2 alloy indicate that the electrode worked in KOH solution has a better anti-corrosion ability. The decrease of the electrochemical capacity of the alloy observed in LiOH solution can result from accelerated corrosion of the electrode material in this environment.

PL

Badano pojemność elektrochemiczną i odporność korozyjną stopu La2Ni9CoSn0.2 w dwóch różnych roztworach elektrolitów (KOH i LiOH) o tym samym stężeniu (6 mol·dm-3). Wyższe wartości pojemności uzyskano podczas aktywacji elektrody w roztworze KOH. Gęstość prądu korozyjnego i potencjał korozyjny stopu La2Ni9CoSn0.2 wskazują na jego lepszą odporność korozyjną w roztworze KOH. Spadek pojemności elektrochemicznej stopu w roztworze LiOH może wynikać z przyspieszonej korozji materiału elektrody w tym środowisku.

12

Wpływ obecności surfaktantu jonowego i soli na dyspersję ciecz-ciecz w mieszalniku z przepływem burzliwym

Drążyk U., Grabias M., Baranowska W., Panecka M., Bąk A., Podgórska W.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2016

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Nr 2

54--55

PL

Przedstawiono wpływ stężenia dodecylosiarczanu sodu (SDS) na ewolucję rozkładu wielkości kropel toluenu w czasie w zbiorniku z mieszadłem Rushtona. Pokazano również destabilizujący efekt bromku sodu na dyspersję. Pomimo znacznego ułatwienia adsorpcji anionowego surfaktantu, a tym samym większego obniżenia napięcia międzyfazowego, przeważał efekt redukcji grubości podwójnej warstwy elektrycznej, co pozwalało kroplom bardziej się do siebie zbliżyć. Ponadto siły burzliwe odpowiedzialne za wypływ filmu przewyższały sity odpychające dla wyższej siły jonowej i możliwa była bardzo powolna koalescencja.

EN

The influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration on transient drop size distribution in a stirred tank equipped with the Rushton turbine for toluene/water dispersion is presented. Destabilizing effect of electrolyte, NaBr, on dispersion is also shown. In spite of facilitated adsorption of anionic surfactant and increased reduction of interfacial tension the effect of reduced thickness of electric double layer prevails. Droplets can approach closer to each other. Moreover, turbulent forces are larger than electrostatic repulsion ones and the slow coalescence is possible at higher ionic strength.

13

Drążenie elektrochemiczne otworów w elementach silników turbinowych

Kozak J.

Mechanik

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2015

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R. 88 nr 4CD

13--16

PL

W referacie przedstawiono zagadnienia chłodzenia łopatek turbin oraz drążenia otworów chłodzących. Rozpatrzono modelowanie matematyczne procesu drążenia elektrochemicznego strugą elektrolitu oraz dobór parametrów obróbki. Wykazano, że należy uwzględniać zmienność przewodnictwa elektrycznego elektrolitu wywołaną wydzielaniem ciepła w procesie. Omówiono badania doświadczalne oraz weryfikację modelu matematycznego.

EN

Electrochemical Jet Machining (ECJM) is used for drilling small holes in aircraft turbine blades and complex shape holes. This paper presents a mathematical model for determining the relationship between the machining rates and conditions of ECJM. Experimental verification is also presented.

14

Reaktywność chemiczna kompozytowego elektrolitu stałego 3Y-TZP/Al2O3 z materiałem katodowym LSCF48 w kontekście możliwości ich wykorzystania do ogniw paliwowych IT-SOFC

Obal K., Brylewski T., Adamczyk A., Kruk A., Pędzich Z., Rękas M.

Materiały Ceramiczne

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2014

|

T. 66, nr 3

212--217

PL

Niniejsza praca dotyczy oceny stabilności chemicznej kompozytowego elektrolitu o osnowie z częściowo stabilizowanego dwutlenku cyrkonu i wtrąceniami tlenku glinu (3Y-TZP/Al2O3) w stosunku do elektrody La0,6Sr0,4Co0,2Fe0,8O3 (LSCF48). Analiza fazowa mieszaniny 3Y-TZP/Al2O3-LSCF48 zestawionej w proporcji wagowej 1:1 i poddanej wygrzewaniu w 1073 K nie wykazała obecności innych faz niż wyjściowe. Wzrost temperatury wygrzewania do 1273 K spowodował powstawanie nowych faz krystalicznych, głównie SrZrO3 i CoFe2O4. Wyniki tych badań wskazują na potencjalne możliwości zastosowania elektrolitu 3Y-TZP/Al2O3 do średniotemperaturowych ogniw paliwowych typu IT-SOFC ze względu na kompatybilność chemiczną z katodą LSCF48 w temperaturze przewidywanej eksploatacji ogniwa (1073 K). Ze względu na zachodzące zmiany strukturalne w mieszaninie poddanej wygrzewaniu w 1273 K - złącze elektrolit-katoda nie może być wystawione na działanie tej temperatury przez dłuższy okres czasu podczas wytwarzania ogniwa paliwowego.

EN

The paper presents the evaluation of chemical stability of composite electrolyte with the partially stabilized zirconia matrix and aluminium oxide inclusions (3Y-TZP/Al2O3) in relation to the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF48) electrode. Phase analysis of the 3Y-TZP/Al2O3-LSCF48 mixture batched in a weight ratio of 1:1, and annealed in air at 1073 K revealed the presence of the starting components only while the increase of annealing temperature up to 1273 K (for 5 h and 100 h) caused the formation of new crystalline phases, mainly of SrZrO3 and CoFe2O4. These studies indicate the potential for the application of 3Y-TZP/Al2O3 in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) due to the chemical compatibility with the LSCF48 cathode at the expected operation temperature of a cell (1073 K). Due to structural changes of the mixture annealed at 1273 K, the electrolyte-cathode connector cannot be exposed to that temperature for a long time during the manufacturing stage of a fuel cell.

15

A Study on Electrical Performances and Lifetime of a Flexible Electrochromic Textile Device

Moretti C., Tao X., Koncar V., Koehl L.

Autex Research Journal

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2014

|

Vol. 14, no. 2

76--81

EN

Using their ability to change their color according to an external stimulation, chromic materials can be used to form a color-changing textile. Electrochromism, more particularly, is a colour change phenomenon caused by the application of an electrical potential. A flexible textile electrochromic device composed of four layers is presented. In order to improve the lifetime of this structure, the electrical performances of the electrolyte layer are studied. A method to measure and calculate the resistance variations of the electrolyte applied on a textile cotton substrate is given. Relations between the electrical performances of the electrolyte and the electrochromic effect of the device are also highlighted.

16

Zastosowanie cieczy jonowych zawierających grupy HSO4– w ogniwach kwasowo-ołowiowych

Lota G., Baraniak M., Wasiński K., Jankowska E.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2013

|

T. 92, nr 9

1624-1626

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wykorzystaniem cieczy jonowych zawierających aniony wodorosiarczanowe(VI) w elektrolitach akumulatorów ołowiowych. Scharakteryzowano preparatykę żelowego elektrolitu polimerowego, wykazano wysoką czystość oraz stabilność termiczną uzyskanego polimeru. Wyniki badań elektrochemicznych modelowych ogniw typu Pb |ciecz jonowa| PbO2 potwierdziły, że polimerowa ciecz jonowa może stanowić składnik żelowego elektrolitu.

EN

(CH2=CHCH2)2Me2N+Cl- was polymerized in aq. soln., converted to hydrogen sulfate(VI) with H2SO4 and added (7.5%) to H2SO4 used in Pb battery. The electrochem. and electrical properties of Pb |ionic liq.| PbO2 model system showed applicability of the polymeric ionic liq. as a new component of gel electrolyte.

17

Measurements of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures for sensor applications

Hojko M R, Paszuk D, Paszkiewicz B

Optica Applicata

|

2013

|

Vol. 43, nr 1

35--38

EN

In the paper, the behavior of AlGaN/GaN HEMT-type heterostructures in a water solution of (KOH + HCl) with differing pH was studied. The influence of the electrolyte pH on channel pinch-off voltage was measured using impedance spectroscopy methods. It was observed that the change of the pH of electrolyte has a strong effect on the pinch-off voltage of AlGaN/GaN HEMT-type heterostructures independently of the concentration of other ions. In high-pH environment the so-called memory effect of heterostructures was revealed. Its possible origin was discussed. A general theory to explain all results was proposed.

18

Influence of electrolyte presence on bubble motion in solutions of sodium n-alkylsulfates (C8, C10, C12)

Krzan M., Malysa K.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2012

|

Vol. 48, iss. 1

49-62

EN

Influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) addition on bubble velocity in solutions of sodium n-octylsulfate (SOS), n-decylsulfate (SDS) and n-dodecylsulfate (SDDS) was studied. The NaCl concentration was varied from 0.0001 to 0.05 M. Profiles of the bubble local velocity, that is, variations of the bubble local velocity with distance from the point of the bubble formation (capillary), were determined. At low sodium n-alkylsulfates concentrations the bubbles, after the acceleration stage, reached a maximum velocity followed by a deceleration stage tending to attain their terminal velocity. The maximum disappeared at high SOS, SDS and SDDS concentrations. Electrolyte alone did not affect the bubble velocity. However, addition of even small amounts of NaCl into solutions of sodium n-alkylsulfates affected the bubble motion. The effect was especially significant at low concentrations of the surfactants studied, where the bubble terminal velocity was lowered from ca. 30-34 cm/s (no electrolyte) down to ca. 15 cm/s in 0.01M NaCl presence. The electrolyte affected the bubble motion via its influence on state of the Dynamic Adsorption Layer formed over surface of the bubbles rising in sodium n-alkylsulfates solutions.

19

Tlenkowe przewodniki superjonowe bivox domieszkowane pierwiastkami ziem rzadkich (La, Pr).

Paściak G., Chmielowiec J., Bujło P.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Podstaw Elektrotechniki i Elektrotechnologii Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

|

2006

|

Vol. 44, nr 18

122-127

PL

Materiały z rodziny B1VOX (ang. Bismuth Vanadium Oxide) charakteryzują się dużą przewodnością jonową w stosunkowo niskich temperaturach i dlatego są potencjalnymi kandydatami na materiał elektrolityczny w urządzeniach elektrochemicznych takich jak: ogniwa paliwowe IT-SOFC (Intermediate Temperaturę Solid Oxide Fuel Celi) oraz pompy, separatory i czujniki tlenu. Stosując dodatki podstawiające atomy Bi i V w strukturze Bi4V2O11 można -stabilizować poszczególne odmiany polimorficzne materiału, a także modyfikować jego przewodność. Publikacja przedstawia badania autorów dotyczące wpływu dodatków pierwiastków ziem rzadkich -La i Pr na stabilność termodynamiczną i przewodność elektrolitu Bi4V2O11.

EN

BIVOX (Bismuth Vanadium Oxide) family materials are characterized by high ionic conductivity at relatively low temperature that's why are potential candidates for electrolytic materials used in electrochemical devices as: IT-SOFC (Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide, Fuel Cell), oxygen pumps, separators and sensors. Applying additives, which substitute Bi and V atoms in the Bi4V2O11structure, one can stabilize individual polymorphic modifications as well as modify theirs conductivity. Present paper presents description of research concerning investigations of the influence of additives - rare-earth elements as La and Pr - on thermodynamic stability and ionic conductivity of Bi4 V2 O11 electrolyte.

20

Preparation and the electrolytic properties of Y2O3-doped CaZrO3

Dudek M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2006

|

Vol. 8, nr 4

63-66

EN

The pure calcium zirconate and yttria - doped CaZrO3 dense samples with the CaZr1-xYxO3 formula where 0