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The electrochemical copper structure forming in the presence of the magnetic field

Białostocka A. M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2013

R. 89, nr 10

254-256

In the presence metallic layers settled on the surfaces by the electrocrystallization method play significant role in the engineering. Many kind of factors, including the magnetic field presence, decide about the metal’s structure and its quality. The influence that can render the magnetic field in the electrochemical environment is significant. In the article the electrocrystallization issue and the effects of electrocrystallization received under the influence of different kind of the magnetic configuration are presented. There are shown phenomenons existing in the electrochemical bath and the effects of electrocrystallization process as the based microscope structure.

Obecnie bardzo dużą rolę w inżynierii odgrywają warstwy metalowe osadzane na powierzchniach metodą elektrokrystalizacji. O strukturze metalu i jej jakości decyduje wiele czynników, do których dodano jeszcze obecność pola magnetycznego. Znaczący jest wpływ, jaki wywierać może obecność pola magnetycznego w środowisku elektrochemicznym. W pracy przedstawiono samo zagadnienie elektrokrystalizacji oraz porównano efekty otrzymane w wyniku elektrokrystalizacji pod wpływem różnego rodzaju czynników magnetycznych. W artykule przedstawiony zostanie przebieg zjawisk zachodzących w kąpieli elektrochemicznej i efekty procesu elektrokrystalizacji w postaci wyników badań mikroskopijnych otrzymanych struktur.

Sonoelektrochemia : wpływ ultradźwięków na przebieg procesów elektrodowych oraz ich praktyczne wykorzystanie w elektrochemii

Winkler K., Wysocka M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2002

[Z] 56, 11-12

895-930

Sonoelectrochemistry is the field of the research dealing with the influence of power ultrasound on electrochemical processes. The dominant effect of the ultrasound in electrochemical systems is the enhancement of mass transport by macrostreaming due to the propagation of an acoustic wave and microstreaming related to the acoustic cavitation phenomena and microjetts formation on the electrode surface. These effects are responsible for large enhancement of the current and significant modification of voltammograms recorded at stationary electrodes. In the presence of power ultrasounds voltammograms show steady-state sigmoidal shape with an oscillatory behavior. A simple planar diffusion layer model may be employed to analyze the current data. Ultrasound can also influence physical and chemical properties of electrode surface. Cavitation induced by ultrasound as well as shear forces can cause cleaning of the electrode surface and prevent adsorption and precipitation processes. Sonication can activate the electrode surface, too. High power ultrasound can also change the morphology of the electrode surface. Ultrasounds are succesfuly applied to a wide range of electrochemical technologies. There are frequently used in electrometalurgy for metal coating, electropolishing, electromachining, and electrochemical etching. The use of ultrasound allow eleiminate highly toxic compounds from the electroplating procedures. Ultrasound can significantly improve electrochemical synthesis processes. These improvements include enhancment diffusion and trerefore increase of yields and current efficiency, suppresed electrode fouling and alteration of reaction mechanism, and product selectivity control. Polymer films formed at the electrode surface in sonicated solution show better morrphology and mechanic properties. High rate of mass transfer under sonoelectrochemical conditions allows kinetic study of fast heterogeneous charge transfer processes and chemical steps coupled with rlectron transfer reaction. The application of ultrasound to analytical procedure can provide numerous benefits of which enhanced mass transport and in situ cleaning of the electrode are the most important. Sonoelectrochemistry analytical methods exhibit high sensitivity and good reproducibility. There are also less time consuming procedures comparison to conventional electroanalytical methods prformed under silent conditions. Ultrasound allows the formation of emmulsions in heterogeneous systems of immiscible organic and aqueous solvents without stabilizing agents simply by mechanical forces atributed to cavitation processes which arise at the liquid/liquid phase boundaries. Sonoelectrochemical is also used in nanotechnology for formation of nano-size metalic and non-metalic particles. The electrochemical study of electrode reactions of organic reagents in polar water solution can be carried out in these systems. Emulsions stabilized by ultrasound can be also used in quantitative analysis of water insoluble samples.