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Właściwości mechaniczne wulkanizatów mieszanin NR/NBR spęcznionych olejem silnikowym

Dębek C., Magryta J., Dębek D.

Polimery

2006

T. 51, nr 1

58-65

Zbadano wpływ ilości sadzy i NBR w wulkanizatach NR/NBR (NBR - kauczuk butadienowo-akrylonitrylowy, NR - kauczuk naturalny) na ich właściwości mechaniczne i odporność na działanie półsynetycznego oleju silnikowego. Zaobserwowany wpływ składu na te właściwości wulkanizatów zinterpretowano na podstawie badań morfologii metodą SEM i oceny wzajemnych oddziaływań pomiędzy składnikami układu.

The effects of carbon black amount (up to 70 phr) and NBR content in NR/NBR vulcanizates (NBR - nitrile-butadiene rubber, NR - natural rubber) on their mechanical properties and resistance to motor oil were investigated. As well the vulcanizates of individual rubbers were tested. All systems were characterized using vulcametric method (Table 1). As a result of equilibrium swelling of NR vulcanizates with oil, mechanical properties drastically deteriorated and this deterioration was directly proportional to the degree of oil absorption, lowering with carbon black content (Table 2). What concerns oil-extended NBR vulcanizates neither weight gain nor increase in volume of the samples were observed in the whole range of carbon black content. However, small changes in hardness and strength (more visible when vulcanizates contained smaller amounts of filler) show that limited oil absorption by NBR vulcanizates occurs (balanced with elution of the system components) (Table 3). Swelling degree of NR/NBR blends vulcanizates depend both on NBR and carbon black contents. Swelling degree of the systems containing 50 phr of NBR and up to 30 phr of carbon black reached still rather high values (Table 4). For vulcanizates containing 50-70 phr of carbon black it was four times lower than in case of NR samples with the same carbon black content while tensile strength decreased only 24 %. NR/NBR vulcanizates containing 75 phr of NBR and 30-70 phr of carbon black show good resistance to oil (Table 5). Mechanical properties of these vulcanizates after swelling are practically the same as before. The observed effect of vulcanizate composition on the properties tested was interpreted on the basis of morphology investigations by SEM method (Fig. 1 and 2).