Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Adaptation of selected ectomycorrhizal fungi to increased concentration of cadmium and lead

Bandurska K., Krupa P., Berdowska A., Marczak M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2016

|

Vol. 23, nr 3

483--491

EN

Plants together with water and minerals actively take from the soil heavy metals such as cadmium and lead. The negative role of ions of these metals on plant growth and development depends not only on their concentration in the soil, but also on a number of factors that may affect the transport of minerals from the soil to the roots. The harmful effects of xenobiotics getting from the soil to the plants are limited by the organic compounds contained in the soil, soil structure and pH. Particularly noteworthy are biotic factors, such as bacteria and fungi which greatly limit the translocation of heavy metals. Stream of new scientific reports show that the symbiotic combination of fungi with plant roots so called mycorrhizae is a factor that may be important in reducing the impact of soil contamination by heavy metals. Mycorrhiza by filtering solutions of water and mineral salts stop a considerable amount of heavy metals in the internal mycelium or on its surface. It was proved that plants with properly formed mycorrhiza grow better in hard to renew lands, such as salty, sterile soils contaminated with industrial waste. Questions to which answer was sought in this study are: 1) whether mycorrhizal fungi for many years growing in the contaminated areas have managed to adapt to these adverse conditions and 2) do the same species derived from clean areas are less resistant to contamination by heavy metals? Stated problems tried to be solved based on the fruiting bodies of fungi collected from ectomycorrhizal fungi picked from the areas contaminated by industrial emissions and areas free of contamination. The interaction of cadmium and lead ions on the growth of mycelium was examined by plate method and binding of heavy metals in fruiting structures of fungi were done by colorimetric method with use of methylene blue. It has been shown that the fungal resistance, even of the same species, to high concentration of heavy metals varies depending on the origin of symbiont. Isolated fungi from contaminated areas are better adapted to high concentrations of xenobiotics. Ability to bind cadmium and lead to fruiting bodies of fungi varies.

2

Niedoceniani sprzymierzeńcy roślin

Krupa P.

Przegląd Komunalny

|

2014

|

nr 7

36--38

PL

W toku ewolucji wskutek wysokiej specjalizacji z grzybów pasożytniczych wyodrębniła się grupa tzw. symbiontów. Wnikają one do korzeni roślin, ale nigdy nie są w stosunku do nich patogeniczne. Wręcz przeciwnie, z tego współżycia wynikają wzajemne korzyści. Układ symbiotyczny, który się zawiązuje, nazywa się mikoryzą.

EN

During the course of the evolution, due to high specialisation of parasitic fungi, a so-called group of symbionts emerged. They penetrate into plant roots, but they are never pathogenic towards them. On the contrary, mutual benefits result from this cohabitation. The symbiotic system which is established is called mycorrhiza. The name "fungus-root" – mycorrhiza was proposed in 1885 by a German researcher Frank. In the article, a division of mycorrhizae has been made and the invaluable role of fungi in relation to mycotrophic plants has been presented. Moreover, various forms of soil vaccination (inoculation) with mycorrhizal fungi have been presented.

3

Znaczenie ektomikorozy w ochronie roślin przed skażeniem metalami ciężkimi.

Krupa P.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

1999

|

Vol. 6, nr 7

607-613

PL

Ze względu na rosnące zanieczyszczenie gleb metalami ciężkimi cenne są wszelkie czynniki powodujące zahamowanie translokacji tych pierwiastków. Wykazano, że naturalnym czynnikiem mogącym ograniczyć przemieszczanie się ksenobiotyków mogą być grzyby mikoryzowe. Badając korzenie z terenów zanieczyszczonych, stwierdzono silną akumulację kadmu i ołowiu w korzeniach mikoryzowych. Sugeruje to aktywne zatrzymanie tych pierwiastków przez grzybo-korzeń. W pełni potwierdziły to badania laboratoryjne, w których hodowano w warunkach kontrolowanych siewki mikoryzowane i niemikoryzowane. Porównano akumulację ołowiu i kadmu w siewkach. Rośliny będące w symbiozie z grzybami akumulują metale ciężkie głównie w częściach podziemnych, a trwałe zatrzymanie translokacji kadmu i ołowiu chroni części nadziemne przed skażeniem. Siewki hodowane na podłożu sterylnym (bez grzybów symbiotycznych) skażone są zarówno w części nadziemnej, jak i podziemnej. Rośliny mikoryzowane rosnące na podłożu skażonym metalami ciżkimi cechowała ponadto o wiele dłuższa przeżywalność w porównaniu z siewkami bezmikoryzowymi.

EN

Increasing contamination of soils by heavy metals causes increasing interest in factors that inhibit their translocation. It is known that mycorrhizal fungi may be a natural factor which inhibit trnslocation of xenobiotics. It has been shown that mycorrhizal roots accumulate strongly cadmium and lead from contaminated soils roots. This observation points out the role of the active uptake of these metals in the mycorrhizal roots. This suggestion has been confirmed by laboratory experiments in which mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedings had been grown under control conditions. This comparison of the accumulation of metals in both seedlings was performed. The mycorrhizal plants accumulated cadmium and lead mainly in their underground parts of plants and strong inhibition of translocation of metals to the overground parts of plants was observed. Contrary, the nonmycorrhizal seedlings were contaminated by metals in under and overground parts of plants. It has been also found that mycorrhizal seddlings growing in the medium with heavy metals survived longer in comparison to nonmycorrhizal plants.