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1 2002

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Szybkie i ekonomiczne metody ekstrakcji pestycydów z produktów żywnościowych

Błaszczyk A., Jasiczek J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2002

[Z] 56, 11-12

1035-1052

Food analysis is very important for the evaluation of the nutritional value and quality of fresh and processed products, and for monitoring food additives and other toxic contaminations. Sample preparation such as extraction, concentration and isolation of analytes, greatly influences the reliable and accurate analysis of food. Currently there are some techniques of sample preparation such as SPE, SPME, MSPD, SFE, which have the following characteristic features: - Speed - Reduced labor - Better recoveries - Improved sample-to-sample consistency - Significantly reduced solvent consumption and waste - Ruggedness and reliability. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a rapid and sensitive sample preparation technique, whose use has considerably increased within the last decade. This emerging technology has successfully replaced many tedious conventional methods of isolation and extraction of various chemicals in food. Sample preparation and concentration via SPE can be achieved in a one-step extraction, and the methodology is appropriate for isolating trace amounts of chemical compounds from complex matrices such as food. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a new sample preparation technique using a fused-silica fibre that is coated on the outside with an appropriate stationary phase. This technique has been successfully applied in the analysis of pesticides in food. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is sample preparation technique, which does not use organic solvents for trapping and for washing out of analytes. SFE usually with carbon dioxide and often with a modifier, is a rapid, selective and convenient method for sample clean-up in environmental analysis. In the past decade, SFE has been applied successfully to the extraction of a variety of organic compounds, e.g. pesticides from herbs, food and agricultural samples. Three inter-related factors influence analyte recovery in SFE: solubility in the fluid, diffusion through the matrix and adsorption in the matrix. Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), a patented process for the simultaneous disruption and extraction of solid and semi-solid samples, was first reported in 1989. Since that time, MSPD has found application in numerous fields, but has proved to be particularly applicable for the analysis of drugs, pesticides and other components in food. MSPD enables complete fractionation of the sample matrix components as well as selective elution of a single compound or several classes of compounds from the same sample. The method has been applied to the isolation of pesticides from animal tissues, fruit, vegetables and other matrices. --