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Improved recognition of rock formation on the basis of well logging and laboratory experiments results using factor analysis

Puskarczyk Edyta, Jarzyna Jadwiga A., Wawrzyniak-Guz Kamila, Krakowska Paulina I., Zych Marcin

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 6

1809--1822

EN

Several data sets from the Silurian and Ordovician formations from three wells on the shore of Baltic Basin in Northern Poland prepared on the basis of well logging data and results of their comprehensive interpretation were used in factor analysis. The goal of statistical analysis was structure recognition of data and proper selection of parameters to limit the number of variables in study. The top priority of research was recognition of specific features of claystone/mudstone formations predisposing them to be potential shale gas deposits. The identified data scheme based on data from one well, was then applied to: 1) well 2 and well 3 separately, 2) combined data from three wells, 3) depth intervals treated as sweet spots, i.e., formations of high hydrocarbon potential. Numbers of samples from well logging were proportional to number of laboratory data from individual formations. The extended data set comprising all available log samples in explored formations was also prepared. Outcomes from standard (Triple Combo—natural gamma log, resistivity log, neutron log and bulk density log and Quad Combo—with addition of sonic log and spectral gamma log) and sophisticated (GEM™—Elemental Analysis Tool, Wave Sonic and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance—NMR) logs were the basis for data sets. Finally, laboratory data set of huge amount of variables from elemental, mineralogical, geochemical and petrophysical laboratory experiments was built and verified in FA to select the most informative components. Conclusions on the data set size, number of factors and type of variables were drawn.

2

Profilowanie otworowe z wykorzystaniem zjawiska magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego i badania NMR na próbkach skalnych dla oceny skał zbiornikowych

Jarzyna J., Maziarka D., Pasek P., Klaja J., Krakowska P., Puskarczyk E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

105--108

EN

Results of NMR well logging and laboratory experiments were analyzed. The testing material comprised NMR data from the Upper Jurassic carbonates formation from a well located in the western part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Qualitative analysis of the T1 (longitudinal) and T2 (transverse) distributions from the NMR well logging was performed to illustrate differences in the plots regarding time position and amplitude of peaks in sandstones, carbonates and claystones. Quick identification of the reservoir zones in the borehole section was highlighted. Porosity values from NMR laboratory experiments, helium pycnometer measurements and NMR well logging were compared and the differences were explained emphasizing additional information derived from discrepancies. Permeability was calculated based on the NMR laboratory experiment results comprising free water, capillary-bound water and clay-bound water. NMR permeability calculations were compared with the results of Zawisza formula calculations and results presented by Halliburton Co. The permeability results were different, but the trend of the changes was similar. The analysis shows that NMR logging is very useful in the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of reservoirs despite the difference between the point laboratory results and continuous curves of logging outcomes. The final conclusion is as follows: to complete proper interpretation of very informative NMR laboratory and well logging data the full information about calibration of measurements should be available.

3

Laboratory Investigations on Perforation of 30PM Steel Plates

Janiszewski J., Grązka M., Tria D. E., Surma Z., Fikus B.

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2016

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Vol. 7, Nr 2 (24)

19--40

EN

Abstract. In this study, high strength steel plates made of 30PM steel were subjected to 7.62 Armour Piercing projectiles at the ordnance velocity. Several experiments differing considerably in conditions of interaction between projectiles and plates were performed. Selected parameters were measured before, during, and after ballistic tests, and both projectile and plate were subjected to detailed examination. It is foreseen to use the obtained results in two ways. Protection performance of steel plates will be determined and experimental data will be used as a reference for analyzing various models and numerical techniques, accessible in commercially available hydrocodes. The authors present the methodology, the experimental set-up configuration, and the results of laboratory experiments.

4

Bioindication assessment of activated sludge adaptation in lab-scale experiment

Babko R., Kuzmina T., Jaromin-Gleń K., Bieganowski A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2014

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Vol. 21, nr 4

605--616

EN

The adaptation of activated sludge from the Hajdow sewage treatment plant in a laboratory SBR was studied. The structure of the ciliate assembly was considered as a criterion. 32 ciliate species were found during the experiment. The composition and changes in the ciliate community structure during the process of activated sludge adaptation was examined. In the process of adaptation, reduction was observed in the number of ciliate species together with an increase in assembly total abundance. The decrease in the Shannon diversity index and equitability index in the adaptation process was observed. In the process of adaptation, two states of ciliate assembly were marked out - unstable transient period and stable period. During the transient period, reduction of ammonium utilization efficiency down to 50% and its subsequent increase up to 80% in the stable period were observed. In the transient period, the Simpson dominance index remained low but increased in the stable period. At a temperature of 10°C, the transient period lasted from six to nine days. After the stabilization process, the diversity of the ciliate assemblage remained at a lower level. Rarefaction methods showed that the number of potential ecological niches of ciliate amounted to 30 in the adaptation period, whereas there were only 15-20 ecological niches in adapted sludge.

PL

Zaprezentowano badania dotyczące procesu adaptacji osadu czynnego pobranego w miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków Hajdów (Lublin, Polska) do warunków pracy w laboratoryjnym bioreaktorze typu SBR. Jako kryterium wspomnianej adaptacji (wpracowania) przyjęto parametry struktury zbiorowiska orzęsków osadu czynnego. Podczas eksperymentu w analizowanym osadzie czynnym zidentyfikowano 32 gatunki orzęsków, zaś bazując na ich liczebności, analizowano zmiany następujące w strukturze zbiorowiska w kolejnych etapach badań. Podczas etapu adaptacji obserwowano redukcję liczby gatunków następującą równocześnie ze wzrostem liczebności całego zbiorowiska orzęsków, stąd też w kolejnych dniach widoczny był spadek wartości indeksu różnorodności Shannona i indeksu równomierności. Podczas adaptacji osadu zaobserwowano wyraźne rozgraniczenie struktury zbiorowiska orzęsków - niestabilnej etapu przejściowego oraz struktury stabilnej. W trakcie okresu przejściowego adaptacji zaobserwowano także znaczny spadek efektywności usuwania azotu amonowego - do poziomu 50%, a potem jej sukcesywny wzrost do stabilnego poziomu 80%. W pierwszym ze wspomnianych etapów indeks dominacji Simpsona przyjmował niskie wartości, natomiast w drugim wyraźnie wzrastał. Dla temperatury 10°C okres przejściowy trwał od sześciu do dziewięciu dni, po tym okresie zbiorowisko orzęsków osadu czynnego cechowało się obniżonym poziomem różnorodności. Opracowanie danych za pomocą metody rarefakcji wykazało, że w trakcie okresu adaptacji osadu czynnego do warunków pracy w bioreaktorze laboratoryjnym liczba potencjalnych niszy ekologicznych dla orzęsków osiągała poziom 30, natomiast dla osadu o stabilnej strukturze po okresie adaptacji poziom z zakresu 15-20.

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An attempt at mathematical modelling of the process of microbiological biodegradation of diesel oil

Hawrot-Paw M., Nowak A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 38, nr 3

23--29

EN

A mathematical model has been created describing the process of biodegradation of diesel oil. Data for model development were obtained from two previously conducted laboratory experiments. The correlation between the measured and calculated of the biodegradation of diesel fuel data indicates the existing connection between them. It was found that the proposed mathematical approach of the biological process showed similar direction and nature of changes occurring in these two data sets.