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Potential impacts of air temperature rise in the hydric balance of Brazilian Pampa biome

da Rocha Najila Souza, Veettil Bijeesh Kozhikkodan, de Carvalho Cibelle Machado, Käfer Pâmela Suélen, Diaz Lucas Ribeiro, Rolim Silvia Beatriz Alves, Cruz Rafael Cabral

Acta Geophysica

2021

Vol. 69, no. 4

1427--1445

Climate change is the meteorological alterations that occurred in the past by natural causes, which is occurring today and being intensifed by the human behavior. Some of the main consequences of these alterations are: increase in the air temperature, changes in the hydrological cycle and occurrence of extreme weather events with greater intensity and frequency. This work was performed in Alto Camaquã in the Pampa Biome, which is considered as a region of stability and of great importance for biodiversity conservation. The main economical and sociocultural activity in the region is livestock run by diferent families, which is also considered fundamental for the maintenance of this biome. The objective of this work was to infer information on hydric defcit in Alto Camaquã watershed related to the increase in the air temperature and its impacts on family livestock. For this purpose, we estimated the climatic water balance (CWB) derived from pluviometric and meteorological data. We also estimated the maximum capacity of available water for the period between 1990 and 2016 and also for the predictive scenarios when an increase as well as no change in the air temperature occur. It has been observed that there will be hydric defcit during the summer, except for Rainy Year, independent on whether a change in the air temperature occurs or not. The results demonstrated that the efects of climate change are already occurring and that, even if the ongoing climate change stops before the predictions come true, the hydric defcit has already been experienced by the society.

Demography of a common butterfly on humid grasslands : Argynnis aglaja (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) studied by mark-recapture

Zimmermann K., Konvicka M., Fric Z., Cihakova V.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2009

Vol. 57, nr 4

715-727

Much of the research into the demography of butterflies conducted in Europe during the last few decades focused on rapidly declining or, on the other hand, expanding species, whereas species with stable trend tend to be neglected by researchers. Argynnis aglaja, a widely distributed inhabitant of semi-natural grasslands, represents a suitable model for studying patterns of landscape persistence of not-yet-threatened grassland insects. Using mark-recapture method conducted for one season on humid meadows in Western Bohemia, Czech Republic, we show that this large-bodied species is capable to form large and dense populations, reaching densities of over 250 individuals per hectare. The adults were relatively long-living, an average female longevity (11.8 d) was over twice as high as an average male longevity (4.6 d), with maxima being 22 (a male) and 30 (a female) days. The prolonged female lifespan is beneficial for a species that do not emerge with fully-matured eggs and oviposits singly over large areas. Modelling mobility, well-approximated by an inverse-power function, predicted that about one individual in a thousand would cross the distance of 1000 meters. We conclude that the satisfactory conservation status of A. aglaja stems from its capability to reach high local densities combined with a good dispersal power.