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Inter-clutch egg differences and androgenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)

Polonis Marcin, Błaszczyk Agata, Jagiełło Krzysztof, Panasiak Ligia, Dobosz Stefan, Ocalewicz Konrad

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 2

160--168

EN

Ionizing radiation (IR) is applied to inactivate the nuclear genome in rainbow trout eggs during induced androgenetic development. However, IR-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) may affect developmental potential of eggs and reduce the effectiveness of androgenesis. To verify this assumption, androgenetic development of rainbow trout was induced in eggs irradiated with 350 Gy of X-rays. Survival rates, pH of the ovarian fluid and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT and GPx, were examined in non-irradiated and irradiated eggs originating from four females. Survival rates of androgenetic embryos developing in eggs produced by different females varied from 1% to 57% and these inter-clutch differences were significant. Eggs from female F4, which showed the highest developmental competence for androgenesis, also showed increased activities of SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes. The pH value of the ovarian fluid of each female was over 8 before and after irradiation, therefore it seems that radiation did not affect the ovarian fluid pH. Considering the above-mentioned inter-clutch differences, a strong maternal effect on the effectiveness of androgenesis can be assumed. Eggs with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes before irradiation should be expected to show increased developmental competence for androgenesis.

2

Wpływ genotypu i wieku kur na jakość jaj kur Leghorn (rody G-99 i H-22) oraz Sussex (ród S-66)

Krawczyk J.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2017

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T. 22, nr 2

94--100

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu genotypu i wieku kur na jakość jaj ocenianą przy wykorzystaniu elektronicznej, specjalistycznej aparatury. Przedmiotem badań były jaja spożywcze zniesione przez kury Leghorn rodu G-99 i H-22 oraz Sussex (S-66). W 33 i 53 tygodniu życia kur z każdej grupy genetycznej pobrano po 30 jaj, które poddano ocenie, wykorzystując w tym celu elektroniczną aparaturę EQM (Egg Quality Measurements). Wytrzymałość skorup jaj mierzono przy użyciu analizatora Stable Micro Systems. Potwierdzono wpływ pochodzenia kur (genotypu) i wieku na kształtowanie się cech jakości jaj. Zebrane w tym zadaniu wyniki pomiarów i analiz wykazały duże zróżnicowanie w zakresie omawianych cech szczególnie między rodami Leghorn a Sussex. Kury G-99 i H-22 znoszą jaja o dużej masie (zwłaszcza H-22), zbliżonej do masy jaj mieszańców towarowych, oraz grubej i gęstej skorupie, wytrzymałej na zgniecenie. Wykazano także istotne zmiany w jakości jaj wraz z wiekiem kur. Niezależnie od wieku kur stwierdzono istotnie większy procentowy udział żółtek w masie jaj kur S-66 w porównaniu z pozostałymi rodami (P≤0,01), przy czym wraz z wiekiem tych kur nastąpił wzrost udziału żółtka, a obniżenie udziału białka w jaju. Wskazana jest poprawa jakości skorupy w rodzie S-66 poprzez żywienie, bowiem jaja te mogą powodować więcej stłuczek w obrocie handlowym.

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of hen’s age and genotype on egg quality using specialized electronic equipment. Consumption eggs laid by Leghorn (lines G-99 and H-22) and Sussex (line S-66) hens were studied. At 33 and 53 weeks of age, 30 eggs were collected from each genetic group and assessed using electronic EQM (Egg Quality Measurements) device. Shell strength was measured with a texture analyser (Stable Micro Systems). Hen’s age and genotype were found to have an effect on egg quality traits. The results of measurements and analyses performed in this task showed large differences in the discussed traits, especially between Leghorn and Sussex lines. G-99 and especially H-22 hens produce heavy eggs (similar in weight to eggs from commercial hybrids) with thick and dense shells characterized by high crushing strength. Egg quality changed significantly with hens’ age. Regard- less of hens’ age, yolk percentage was higher for the eggs from S-66 hens compared to the other lines (P≤0.01), with increasing egg yolk percentage and decreasing egg yolk albumen as these hens became older. It is advisable to improve egg shell quality in line S-66 through nutrition because these eggs are more prone to breakage in commercial handling.

3

Incubator for individual eggs of fish

Bardega R., Luczynski M.

Environmental Biotechnology

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2007

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Vol. 3, No. 2

49-51

EN

We have constructed and tested a device for incubation of individual eggs of fish. We measured the diameter of fertilized and water hardened eggs of vendace (Coregonus albula). Each egg developed in a separate incubator, which was a modified Pasteur pipette. Incubation of 315 eggs resulted in 249 hatched embryos (eleutheroembryos). The technique enabled identification of each eleutheroembryo hatching from a given egg. Example of relationship between external diameter of egg and the length of eleutheroembryo showed potential applications of the technique in studies on fish reproduction biology.