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1
Content available Application of the Thermophilic Fermentation Method to Obtain Environmentally Friendly Organic Fertilizer
Bayazitova Zulfiya E., Kurmanbayeva Aigul S., Tleuova Zhulduz O., Temirbekova Nurgul G.
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2023
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Vol. 24, nr 4
202--216
EN
In this study, the authors obtained samples of biological fertilizer by thermophilic fermentation of substrates of different compositions. Two types of effluent were studied in the experiment: food plant waste with the addition of cattle manure and liquid pig manure with litter cattle manure. To activate the process of obtaining fertilizer, the Agrarka biological preparation was added containing a complex of microorganisms and bacteria that accelerate the decomposition process. A detailed chemical analysis of the liquid and solid fractions of the raw materials and the obtained products was carried out for the content of total phosphorus (P), carbon (C), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+), organic matter, dry matter, cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (Ar). The indicators of acidity and ash content were determined and microbiological analysis was carried out. The obtained results showed that the thermophilic temperature regime of fermentation accelerated the decomposition process, positively affected the total content of the main nutrients in the studied substrates, and negatively affected the vital activity of microorganisms. In two types of effluents, there was a significant increase in the level of ammonium nitrogen by up to 60%, a decrease in the total carbon content by 15–30%, and dry and organic matter by 10–12% in both liquid and solid phases. However, in the effluent from food plant waste with the addition of cattle manure, the indicators increased by 13% in total carbon and by 8.2% in dry matter, and the ash content was 3 times lower than in the second effluent. Thus, thermophilic fermentation obtained two types of effluents with high-quality indicators corresponding to environmental and sanitary standards, since the content of microorganisms and heavy metals did not exceed the permissible limits.
2
Content available Analysis of operator models for rainwater management in Poland – towards the integrated management model
Rosiek Ksymena
Economics and Environment
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2023
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No. 2
110--139
EN
Over the last decade, Poland has witnessed a statutory change in the definition of rainwater. It stopped being regarded as wastewater. Municipalities in Poland have developed different models for rainwater management and various ways of financing them. The aim of the study is to identify and to describe the most important elements of rainwater management models in Poland with the use of operators. It focused not only on constitutive features of the system, but also on financial aspects, such as fees and investments (with the omission of fiscal ones). The study helped to identify three organisationally distinguishable operator models and indicated strengths and weaknesses of each of them. Such a systematic and structured analysis lays the groundwork for the assessment of these models and enables other municipalities to make a conscious decision on which model to implement.
PL
W ostatnim dziesięcioleciu w Polsce została zmieniona definicja wód opadowych. Przestały być ściekiem. Miasta w Polsce wypracowywały różne modele zarządzania wodami opadowymi i ich finansowania. Celem badania była identyfikacja i opisanie najważniejszych elementów modeli zagospodarowania wód opadowych w Polsce z wykorzystaniem operatorów. Skupiono się nie tylko na cechach konstytuujących system, ale przede wszystkim na aspektach finansowych takich jak opłaty i inwestycje (z pominięciem fiskalnych). Udało się zidentyfikować trzy różniące się od siebie organizacyjnie modele operatorskie oraz wskazano słabe i mocne strony każdego z nich. Tak przeprowadzona systematyczna i ustrukturyzowana analiza stwarza podstawy do oceniania tych modeli i umożliwia innym miastom świadomy wybór modelu do wdrożenia.
3
Content available Treatment of Surface Treatment Effluents by Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminium Electrodes
Namoussi Soukaina, Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Naamane Ayoub, Chlaida Mohamed, Iounes Nadia
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2022
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Vol. 23, nr 1
91--99
EN
The surface treatment industry generates effluents with a high load of highly toxic chemicals which must be treated under increasingly stringent regulation. The aim of this study was to treat the effluents of surface treatment unit of an aeronautical industry by the electrocoagulation process using aluminium electrodes. This process is used to study the performance to remove colloidal load, significant amount of oxidizable material and high levels of various metal elements (Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Al) from these effluents, under optimum conditions of pH 7, 8.6A of current intensity and 60 min of application. The electrocoagulation process was found to be effective in reducing turbidity (97.12%), COD (97.5%), SS (97.84%) and conductivity (96.82%), hexavalent chromium (99.99%), Zn (96.82%), Cu (94.3%), Iron (99.9%), Al (91.96%). The treated effluent conformed to the Moroccan standards of surface treatment discharge.
4
Content available Evaluation of a Wetland Constructed with Typha domingensis Pers., for the Recovery of Contaminated Water from Hospital Effluents
Peralta Inocencia, Cardozo César, Nakayama Héctor, Ávalos Claudia, Benítez Gilberto, Elkhalili Ryad, Ayala José, Arenas Rossana, Samudio-Oggero Antonio
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2022
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Vol. 23, nr 9
136--145
EN
The objective of this research project was to evaluate the implementation of a phytoremediation system for the effluents generated by the National Cancer Institute (INCAN), Central Department, Paraguay to contribute to the management of the liquid waste that it generates. The system consisted of a set of three pools, in which were made up of floating Typha domingensis Pers plants, at an approximate density of 10 plants per m2, all the roots formed a filter, which was in direct contact with the effluent. The effluent was of continuous flow; the flows of entry and exit were regulated according to the generation of liquid waste by INCAN. There were 5 measurements made with an interval of 7 days for each measurement, at a point of entry and exit of the effluent, to determine the system. The parameters evaluated were: BOD5, COD, NTK, PT, pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and fecal coliforms. The results showed a considerable reduction of the pollutants generated for all the parameters evaluated, obtaining an efficiency of 67.9 to 92.4% in the evaluated parameters, indicating that it is very feasible to implement this type of systems for phytodepuration of liquid waste.
5
Content available remote Heavy Metals Assessment of Abattoir Effluent on Surface Water Quality of River Katsina–Ala of Benue State, Nigeria
Vershima A. J., Terkimbi k. J., Terese a., Ibrahim a.
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
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2015
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Vol. 49
90--98
EN
Water samples of six sampling sites (two downstream, two abattoir sites and two upstream sites) were analyzed using standard methods to determined and assessed heavy metal content of abattoir effluent on surface water quality of River Katsina-Ala, Benue State, Nigeria for rainy and dry seasons. Rainy season heavy metals results were; Cr6+ (0.032+0.06mg/l); Mn2+ (0.16+0.034mg/l); Cu2+ (0.86 +0.46mg/l); Pb2+(0.006+0.002mg/;Cd2+(0.0023+0.004mg/l) and the dry season results were: Cr6+(0.028+0.007mg/l); Mn2+(0.07+0.05mg/l); Cu2+(0.85+0.16mg/l); Pb2+(0.0030+0.014mg/l); Cd2+(0.0021+0.012mg/). Most heavy metals for both seasons were within the maximum permissible limit set by Federal Ministry of Environment, Nigeria (1991). The mean concentrations of Zn2+(1.70+0.29 mg/l) for rainy season and Zn2+(1.33+0.23mg/l) dry season were above the control and standard safe limits of < 1mg/l FMEnv (1991) for surface water quality. There was no significance difference (p<0.05) between the means from upstream and downstream sites for both seasons; though significance difference (p<0.05) existed at the abattoir sites. River Katsina –ala is slightly polluted. Heavy metal content from effluents from abattoir contributed to upset the physicochemical balance of the river. Bioaccumulation and bio-magnification of heavy metals may occur from prolong usage of the river water for drinking. It is suggested that the abattoir effluent be treated before discharge into the river to reduce environmental and health hazards.
6
Content available Radiation processing of detergents and possible environmental benefits
Borrely S. I., Romanelli M. F., Pereira M. C. C., da Silva G. P., Mesquita L. C. A., de Moraes M. C. F.
Nukleonika
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2009
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Vol. 54, No. 2
61-64
EN
Detergents at waters inducing negative changes for biological degradability and water general quality. Some authors have evidenced a considerable amount of anionic surfactant and toxic effects into natural water and effluents related to detergents. The objective of the study was to apply electron irradiation for reducing toxicity, and for degradation of surfactants. To quantify surfactant LAS determination as MBAS (metylene blue active substances) was applied. The capacity of radiation to reduce surfactants was evidenced for real effluent and for water solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), separately. An electron beam accelerator (EBA) 1.5 MeV was the radiation source. Anionic surfactant solutions as well as real effluents resulted in less toxic samples after irradiation. Toxicity was evaluated for Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia similis. An important decline of total anionic surfactant was observed after irradiation to doses: 6.0 kGy and 20 kGy (surfactant in water solutions and effluents, respectively). To conclude, EBA irradiations accounted for 88% to 96% less toxic surfactants solutions and effluents and 68% to 96% for MBAS compounds decomposition.
7
Content available remote Effects of gneiss mining on water quality
Zelenika M., Soldo B., Štuhec D.
Archives of Environmental Protection
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2009
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Vol. 35, no. 2
75-85
EN
70 Mg/day of fine grained waste gneiss in slurry condition, together with 700 m^3/day of water from the wet benefication plant How from the Mikleuska gneiss quarry (Croatia) into the Kamenjaća stream. The stream Hows between two gneiss quarries, originating in the northern catchment area of which approximately 15 km: is predominantly covered by forest. The quality of water in the Kamenjaća permanent stream should be protected from any contamination due to the activities in the Mikleuska quarry. The paper describes the aspects of sustainable technical, environmental and economical protection of the water quality in Kamenjaća regarding gneiss mining
8
Small diameter gravity sewers - a new proposal for Polish rural areas
Błażejewski R., Skubisz W.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Budownictwo
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2005
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Z. 44
61-71
EN
The paper presents current state of the small diameter gravity sewerage in the world and in Poland. One of the oldest Polish systems installed in Nieledew village is described in detail. Specific design aspects (minimum velocities, slopes and diameters) are presented and discussed. Operation and maintenance problems are elucidated and cost analyses are provided. Research needs are listed. Despite its negative opinion in some circles, it seems that small diameter gravity sewers can be recommended for small, dispersed communities in rural areas.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan rozwoju grawitacyjnej kanalizacji małośrednicowej. Jest to rodzaj kanalizacji odciążonej, współpracującej z przydomowymi osadnikami gnilnymi, dzięki czemu transport wstępnie oczyszczonych ścieków jest znacznie ułatwiony. Opisano szczegółowo jeden z najstarszych tego typu systemów w karju we wsi Nieledew (gm. Trzeszczany). Przedyskutowano zagadnienia projektowania, wykonawstwa i eksploatacji małośrednicowych sieci kanalizacyjnych i współpracujących z nimi oczyszczalni ścieków. Podano wielkości nakładów inwestycyjnych i kosztów eksploatacji. Nakłady inwestycyjne w korzystnych warunkach mogą stanowić zaledwie 30% nakładów na klasyczną sieć grawitacyjną, zaś koszty eksploatacji obu systemów są porównywalne. Wskazano na potrzebę dalszych badań naukowych i eksploatacyjnych. Pomimo negatywnej opinii o tej technologii w niektórych ośrodkach, autorzy uznają za celowe propagowanie kanalizacji małośrednicowej jako taniej, przyjaznej środowisku (możliwość eksploatacji bez zużycia prądu elektrycznego), szczególnie w terenach niezurbanizowanych, o małej gęstości zasiedlenia i przy braku warunków do podziemnego rozsączania ścieków odpływających z oczyszcalni przydomowych.
9
Content available remote Sharon® : efektywna metoda oczyszczania odcieków z odwadniania osadów przefermentowanych
Ryzińska J., Kempen R. van
Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna
|
2005
|
Nr 5
32-34
EN
Idea scheme of the process. Placing a Sharon reactor in technological sequence. Example of a cycle in a Sharon reactor. Description of implemented systems.
10
Content available remote Wpływ wysypiska komunalnego w Krynicy na jakość wód
Niemiec W., Szymborski W.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska
|
2000
|
z. 32[180], cz.2
271-278
EN
The paper is a brief survey of investigation results of municipal refuse storage yard of Krynica town, carried out as part of required evaluation of the influence of investments on surface and underground water reservoirs. The tests were made at three stages: zero monitoring, and them after one and four years of storage yard exploitation. The degree of purity was determined basing on water samples taken from piezometers and surface water courses, with reference to required values given in MOŚZNiL Recommendations.
11
Content available remote Extraction chromatographic studies of mercury(II) and some other metal ions on Chromosorb 102 loaded with triisobutylphosphine sulfide. Its application to industrial effluent
Singh R., Khwaja A. R., Gupta B., Tandom S. N.
Chemia Analityczna
|
1999
|
Vol. 44, No. 1
23-34
EN
Batch experiments on the uptake of Hg(ll) from nitric acid medium by Chromosorb 102 impregnated with Cyanex 471X have been conducted. The effect of different variables like equilibration time, concentration of acid, metal ion and extractant has been studied. Binary separations of Hg(ll) from Cr(III),.Fe(III), Mn(I1), Co(I1), Ni(I1), Cu(I1), Zn(I1), Cd(ll) and Pb(ll) on reversed phase columns have been achieved. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the recycling capacity of the reversed phase columns. The practical utility of the proposed columns has been demonstrated by decontaminating mercury containing waste effluent from a paper and pulp industry.
PL
Przeprowadzono doświadczenia statystyczne nad zatrzymywaniem Hg(ll) z roztworów kwasu azotowego przez Chromosorb 102 zaimpregnowany Cyanexem 471X. Badano wpływ szeregu czynników takich jak: czas ustalania się równowagi, stężenie kwasu, jonu metalu oraz stosunek masy ekstrahentu do masy nośnika. Na kolumnach w odwróconym układzie faz rozdzielano mieszaniny dwuskładnikowe tzn. oddzielano Hg(ll) od Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(I1), Co(I1), Ni(I1), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) i Pb(II). przepro-wadzono ocenę możliwości wielokrotnego użycia kolumn w odwróconym układzie faz. Praktyczne możliwości wykorzystania wspomnianych wyżej kolumn zademonstrowano w doświadczeniach, w których usuwano rtęć ze ścieków przemysłu papierniczego.
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