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EN
There are no standard dimensions or shapes for cold-formed sections (CFS), making it difficult for a designer to choose the optimal section dimensions in order to obtain the most cost-effective section. A great number of researchers have utilized various optimization strategies in order to obtain the optimal section dimensions. Multi-objective optimization of CFS C-channel beams using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II was performed using a Microsoft Excel macro to determine the optimal cross-section dimensions. The beam was optimized according to its flexural capacity and cross-sectional area. The flexural capacity was computed utilizing the effective width method (EWM) in accordance with the Egyptian code. The constraints were selected so that the optimal dimensions derived from optimization would be production and construction-friendly. A Pareto optimal solution was obtained for 91 sections. The Pareto curve demonstrates that the solution possesses both diversity and convergence in the objective space. The solution demonstrates that there is no optimal solution between 1 and 1.5 millimeters in thickness. The solutions were validated by conducting a comprehensive parametric analysis of the change in section dimensions and the corresponding local buckling capacity. In addition, performing a single-objective optimization based on section flexural capacity at various thicknesses The parametric analysis and single optimization indicate that increasing the dimensions of the elements, excluding the lip depth, will increase the section’s carrying capacity. However, this increase will depend on the coil’s wall thickness. The increase is more rapid in thicker coils than in thinner ones.
2
Content available remote Projektowanie płyt warstwowych obciążonych siłą skupioną
PL
W pracy przedstawiono uproszczoną metodę analizy płyt warstwowych poddanych obciążeniom skupionym. Metoda ta polega na redukcji elementu konstrukcyjnego do modelu belki o określonej szerokości efektywnej. W artykule omówiono sposób analizy elementu warstwowego, wyjaśniono podstawowe wzory oraz zaprezentowano przykład ilustrujący opisaną metodę.
EN
The paper presents a simplifi ed method for the analysis of sandwich panels subjected to concentrated loads. The method consists in the reduction of a structural element to the beam model with the respective eff ective width. The article discusses how to analyze a sandwich element, explains basic equations and presents an example to illustrate the method.
EN
The paper presents numerical simulations of the behavior of sandwich panels loaded by static concentrated force. Two model classes (2D and 3D) are considered, and the results are compared with the effective width method. The comparison mainly concerns the displacements and stresses in the facings. The obtained results indicate the areas of conformity between the models but also show significant differences between them. The observed local effects are discussed and the surprising location of extreme stress in the facings is demonstrated.
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