Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Assessment of Variation in Thermal Sensations Determined Based on Effective Temperature

Rymuza Katarzyna, Radzka Elżbieta, Świerzycka Gracja

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 2

218--225

EN

Air temperature is one of major factors in a subjective assessment of human thermal comfort and discomfort. The work draws on a series of measurements of the average daily air temperatures, relative air humidity and wind speed for 2000-2016 recorded at the Siedlce Meteorological Station. The station is part of the state observation and measurement network of the hydrological and meteorological service of The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB). The effective temperature was calculated according to the formula recommended by Missenard and the thermal sensation was determined based on a scale suggested by Baranowska. The number of days with individual thermal sensations in individual months of the long-term period was calculated, and months were put into groups of similar sensations by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. In the last years (2015, 2014, 2012 and 2011) in the months representing the cold season of the year, there were more days which were very cold and cold, whereas the number of days with the thermal comfort was much lower. The long-term period was split into three groups, based on the thermal comfort in the warm season of the year. The years which formed one group included 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2016 when there were no very cold days, the least cold days and the most very hot days.

2

Evaluation of human thermal comfort and heat stress in an outdoor urban setting in summer under arid climatic conditions

Abdel-Ghany A. M., Al-Helal I. M., Shady M. R.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2014

|

Vol. 40, nr 3

139--150

EN

Thermal sensation and heat stress potential were evaluated in summer in an outdoor arid environment. Such evaluation had never been made in arid regions. Various scales: the temperaturehumidity index (THI), physiological effective temperature (PET), universal thermal climatic index (UTCI) and standard effective temperature (SET*) were used for the evaluation. RayMan software model was used to estimate the PET and SET* and the UTCI-calculator was used for UTCI. The required air dry and wet bulb temperatures (Td, Tw), solar radiation flux (S0) and wind speed (V) were measured in summer (April 29–July 15). The results showed that: Persons are exposed to strong heat stress and would feel very hot most of the day time; and they are safe from heat stress risk and would feel comfortable most of the night time. Heat stress levels can be determined using the PET or UTCI scales; both are valid for arid environment and their results are almost similar; however, the THI cannot be used. SET* index specifically describes the thermal sensations and discomfort conditions along with summer days at any activity under arid conditions.

3

Phase transitions in metallic alloys driven by the high pressure torsion

Straumal B., Korneva A., Zieba P.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2014

|

Vol. 14, no. 2

242--249

EN

Severe plastic deformation can lead to the phase transformations in the materials. Even the severe plastic deformation at ambient temperature is frequently equivalent to the heat treatment at a certain elevated temperature (effective temperature). However, if the real annealing at the elevated temperature leads to the grain growth, the severe plastic deformation leads to strong grain refinement. In this review the methods of determination of effective temperature after high-pressure torsion of metallic alloys are discussed.

4

Warunki kapieliskowe w Kołobrzegu

Girjatowicz J.P., Korpalska-Chabior G., Chabior M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Marine Sciences / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

|

1999

|

Nr 5

25-48

EN

The paper presents an attempt to determine the duration of the bathing season for the Baltic Sea at the coast of Kołobrzeg, based on data records collected within 1961-1990 by Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The following six conditions were applied to determine the bathing conditions: water temperature (tw >15 °C) at 12 GMT, daily sunshine (U >4 hours), maximal daily (12-13 GMT ) solar radiation intensity (r), air temperature (t), wind speed (v) and relative humidity (f) at 12 GMT. Solar conditions were described using an index S >17. Correction coefficients of the index S were computed statistically. Thermal air conditions were determined in complex way by using effective temperature (TE > 12 °C). For each bathing day, which satisfied the conditions presented above, complex indexes: K and KE (arithmetical means of TE, tw and S) were computed. For particular days from May, 1 to October, 31 within 30-years, probability of favourable bathing conditions occurrence with the division into three degrees of intensity (favourableness) was calculated. Assuming probability of favourable bathing days occurrence at least at 50 % level, the duration of the bathing season in Kołobrzeg was determined. According to K (which does not take into account the colding influence of wind and air humidity) the bathing season lasts from June, 25 to September, 5. But according to KE the bathing season would limit only just to the period from July, 29 to August, 12. No distinct trends of many years' changes of bathing conditions were found. However the 7-8 years periodicity of these conditions, especially of K coefficient, is recorded.

5

Warunki kąpieliskowe w Kołobrzegu

Girjatowicz J.P., Korpalska-Chabior G., Chabior M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Marine Sciences / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

|

1998

|

Nr 5

25-48

EN

The paper presents an attempt to determine the duration of the bathing season for the Baltic Sea at the coast of Kołobrzeg, based on data records collected within 1961-1990 by Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The following six conditions were applied to determine the bathing conditions: water temperature (tw > 150C) at 12 GMT, daily sunshine (U>4 hours), maximal daily (12-13 GMT) solar radiation intensity (r), air temperature (t), wind speed (v) and relative humidity (f) at 12 GMT. Solar conditions were described using an index S.>17. Correction coefficients of the index S were computed statistically. Thermal air conditions were determined in complex way by using effective temperature (TE.120C). For each bathing day, which satisfied the conditions presented above, complex indexes: K and KE (arythmetical means of TE, tw and S) were computed. For particular days from May, 1 to October, 31 within 30-years, probability of favourable bathing conditions occurence with the division into three degrees of intensity (favourableness) was calculated. Assuming probability of favourable bathing days occurence at least at 50% level, the duration of the bathing season in Kołobrzeg was determined. According to K (which does not take into account the colding influence of wind and air humidity) the bathing season lasts from June, 25 to September, 5. But according to KE the bathing season would limit only just to the period from July, 29 to August, 12. No distinct trends of many years' changes of bathing conditions were found. However the 7-8 years periodicity of these conditions, especially of K coefficient, is recorded.