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The effect of a support material on the nitrification rate in biofilm reactors

Kowalski E., Mazierski J., Suschka J.

Environment Protection Engineering

2010

Vol. 36, nr 2

45-61

The nitrification process in a Packed Bed Biofilm Reactor (PBBR) was investigated. The inert and carbonaceous materials were tested as the support materials. The results proved the feasibility of nitrification at pH value below 5.0. On the inert support material the bicarbonates and ammonia concentrations decreased simultaneously, but when the bicarbonates present in the bulk liquid were exhausted, the nitrification ceased. For the alkaline support media, the alkalinity in bulk liquid decreased to almost zero, but the carbonaceous support materials (marble, dolomite and Dofiltr™) react with the protons and buffer the system inside biofilm. If the marble or other carbonaceous support materials are used, the packed bed material due to dissolution controls the pH inside the fixed biofilm. In reactors, the mean residence time and the Peclet number were measured. On the basis of two models (dispersion model and reactors in series model) the nitrification constant rates in reactors were estimated.

The effect of pH on the sorption of copper ions by alginates

Kwiatkowska-Marks S., Miłek J., Wójcik M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2008

Vol. 10, nr 1

28-30

The effect of pH on copper ions sorption by alginates has been investigated. The granules of the sorbent obtained from sodium alginate (type DMF, manufactured by KELCO) have been applied. By using a new method of gelation a biosorbent containing from 11.3 to 20.3% mas. of alginate has been produced. Investigations have been carried out at a constant temperature of 25°C and the pH values ranging from 3 to 5. The obtained experimental results have been described by the Langmuir equation. It has been found that with the increasing pH of the solution the maximum biosorbent sorption capacity increased.

pH effect on rheological properties of surfactant solutions in hard water

Broniarz-Press L., Różański J., Bednarz J.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

2003

Vol. 8, no spec.

201-206

In the paper the results of experiments on the both, salt and pH effect, on the rheological properties of surfactant solutions (in hard and distilled water) are presented. Three surfactants were used: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic), sodium oleate and potassium oleate (anionic). The special additives were sodium salicylate (NaSal), calcium and magnesium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium phosphate as well as sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid of various concentrations. The studies showed the existing for a given solution the optimal pH value connected with both, the maximum of a viscosity and formation of the shear induced structure SIS. The effect of ions and pH depends on the kind of surfactant/solvent system. It has been shown that the effect of the pH of water on the rheological properties of the solutions studied is more evident for sodium oleate than for HTAB/NaSal.