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Local Labour Market Outcomes of Educational Migration

Rokita-Poskart Diana, Adamska Małgorzata

Management

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2022

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Vol. 26, no. 2

63--85

EN

Thus far, the majority of studies have focused on international student migration. Less attention has been paid to internal migration for tertiary education and even less to local effects caused by this category of migration. To redress this limitation, the paper determines the most important consequences of internal migration for university enrolment in the local labour market of a university city. This is shown through the example of the Polish university city with one of the highest student-to-population ratios – Opole. The study is based on the literature review and the result of qualitative and quantitative research conducted in Opole. The first was conducted among students and the second among owners and employees of local enterprises. Findings of the research suggest that the inflow of students to the university city can lead to short-run and long-run effects on the local economy. Findings of the research suggest that in the short run the inflow of students to the university city leads to structurally important changes in the labour supply and creates new jobs. In the long run, it leads to permanent changes in labour resources, attracts investors to the city and causes permanent changes in the labour demand. The analysed outcomes of migration for tertiary education are only a small but vital part of the consequences of education migration. The global spread of the coronavirus has also stressed the importance of educational migrants in university cities. The impact of pandemic COVID-19 on university cities should be the subject of future research.

PL

Do tej pory większość badań koncentrowała się na międzynarodowej migracji studentów. Mniej uwagi poświęcono migracjom wewnętrznym związanym z podejmowaniem studiów wyższych, a jeszcze mniej – lokalnym skutkom tej kategorii migracji. W związku z tym w artykule określono najważniejsze konsekwencje migracji wewnętrznych związanych z podejmowaniem studiów wyższych dla lokalnego rynku pracy w mieście akademickim. Ukazano to na przykładzie Opola – jedno z miast o najwyższym wskaźniku studentyfikacji mierzonego liczbą studentów do liczby mieszkańców. Opracowanie opiera się na przeglądzie literatury oraz wynikach badań jakościowych i ilościowych przeprowadzonych w Opolu. Pierwsze z nich przeprowadzono wśród studentów, a drugie wśród właścicieli i pracowników lokalnych przedsiębiorstw. Wyniki badań sugerują, że napływ studentów do miasta uniwersyteckiego powoduje krótko- i długookresowe konsekwencje dla lokalnej gospodarki. W krótkim okresie napływ studentów do miast uniwersyteckich prowadzi do strukturalnie istotnych zmian w podaży pracy, a także do powstania nowych miejsc pracy. W długim okresie napływ studentów prowadzi do trwałych zmian w zasobach pracy, przyciąga inwestorów do miasta i powoduje trwałe zmiany w popycie na pracę. Analizowane w artykule skutki migracji stanowią niewielką, ale istotną część zidentyfikowanych w trakcie badań konsekwencji migracji edukacyjnych. Wagę tego zagadnienia ukazała także pandemia COVID-19, która ograniczyła mobilność za wykształceniem i dostępność w miastach akademickich studentów stanowiących ważną część lokalnych zasobów pracy.

2

Migration Processes in a Globalizing Society: Challenges for Donor and Recipient Countries

Tolubyak Vitalii, Mosora Larysa, Kis Halyna, Petryshyn Roman

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 4, Iss. 1

408--420

EN

The article examines the influence of migration processes on the formation and development of production capacities of countries. The main functions that perform population migration are indicated. Reasonably, the process of labor migration affects the redistribution of industry types that develop in different countries. The impact of international labor migration on the economies of donor and recipient countries is determined. It has been proven that labor migration has different effects on donor and recipient countries. Researched the question of how the human, social and financial capital of labor migrants can be better used for their counties of origin becomes more and more urgent. There is an opinion that labor migration is not always negative. It is emphasized that educational migration can have a positive impact on the development of industry in the donor country, provided that the population returns home. It is noted that Ukraine often acts as a labor donor for many countries, including Poland. The main spheres of activity in which Ukrainians work abroad are given. The main benefits that donor and recipient countries receive from population migration are identified. It is emphasized that the return flows, ie the return of emigrants home from earnings abroad, change over time the ratio of benefits and losses in the donor country.

3

Migration Factor of Stimuling the Development of the Production Industry in Ukraine and Poland

Mosora Larysa, Tolubyak Vitalii, Brodny Jarosław, Romanyshyn Liubomyr, Mosora Yurii

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

732--744

EN

The article examines the influence of migration processes on the formation and development of production capacities of countries. It is emphasized that population migration significantly affects the social and economic indicators of the country; under such influence, they can have both positive and negative trends. The article presents the main positive and negative consequences of population migration for donor countries, recipient countries, and for migrants themselves. It is proved that one of the most popular and promising is educational migration, which, under certain favorable circumstances, makes it possible to form highly qualified personnel, deepen international cooperation between higher education institutions of different countries, and strengthen the joint use of educational and scientific potential. The attention is focused on the fact that Ukraine today acts as a donor country and a leader in the number of young people who travel to study in Poland. It is indicated that in order to effectively regulate migration processes by the state, it is appropriate to ensure interaction between higher education institutions of different countries, namely, in the sphere of: a double-degree program, foreign internships, and holding joint international conferences. Using the example of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas and Ternopil National Economic University, it is shown how such interaction is implemented in practice and its consequences. The conclusions are based on the fact that educational migration is one of the most favorable types of migration. With its proper control by the state, it is possible to stimulate the development of the production industry in countries and improve social and economic indicators.

4

Youth migration in the context of overall European migration

Surina Iryna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 134

267--283

EN

The article focuses on the phenomenon of youth migration as a crucial characteristic of modern society. The aim of this article is an analysis of youth spatial mobility - especially of academic youth - in the context of migration processes in Europe. The result of the analysis is the conclusion that migration is attractive for the young generation, and it constitutes a way to construct a trajectory for life and a professional path which has both positive and negative aspects. In the context of personality development, emigration of young people is an opportunity to shape life according to their own vision, imagining their life and the life of their family in a country providing better conditions. On the other hand, youth emigration is, to a certain extent, a factor which slows down and inhabits the socio-demographic and economic development of the sending country. The article characterises the essence and scale of world-wide and European migration, presents statistical data regarding characteristics of Poland as an emigration country, illustrates the relation between the situation on the job market and the exodus of youth, as well as analyses the educational migration of young people.