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Nowoczesne rozwiązania w kształtowaniu komunikacji na obszarach zurbanizowanych

Kopeć K.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

5667-5672

PL

Na przykładzie wielu miast widać, że model komunikacji, w której głównym elementem jest przemieszczanie się prywatnymi samochodami, nie spełnia swojej roli. Nawet w przypadku rozbudowania sieci ulicznej nieuchronnie prowadzi on do kongestii. Jest więc kosztowny, a przy tym nieefektywny. Model ten prowadzi też do wyraźnego obniżenia jakości życia na obszarach zurbanizowanych – powstają miasta dla samochodów, a nie dla ludzi. Stąd komunikacja na obszarach zurbanizowanych w wielu państwach, zwłaszcza Ameryki Północnej, Europy Zachodniej i Azji Południowo-Wschodniej ulega wyraźnym przekształceniom. Wprowadzane są nowe, często innowacyjne rozwiązania będące elementami logistyki miejskiej. Dotyczą one wielu aspektów funkcjonowania komunikacji zbiorowej, przemieszczania się rowerem, pieszo, a także samochodem. Niejednokrotnie prowadzą do integrowania poszczególnych sposobów przemieszczania się i w efekcie zwiększenia multimodalności. Celem tych rozwiązań jest stworzenie efektywnie funkcjonującego systemu komunikacji na obszarze zurbanizowanym, który będzie charakteryzował się wysoką jakością życia.

EN

The example of many cities shows that the model of transportation in which driving private cars is the main element does not fulfill its role. Even in case of expansion of the street network it inevitably leads to congestion. Thus it is costly and inefficient. This Model leads to a clear reduction in the quality of life in urban areas – cities for cars are created, not for people. Hence transportation in urban areas in many countries, especially in North America, Western Europe and Southeast Asia, is clearly being transformed. New, often innovative solutions being elements of urban logistics are introduced. They regard many aspects of the functioning of public transport, moving by bike, on foot and by car. They often lead to integration of individual ways of moving, and as a result to an increase in multimodality. The purpose of these solutions is to create an effectively functioning system of transportation in an urban area, which will be characterized by a high quality of life.

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The influence of road transport on emission of toxic substances in Poland against the EU countries

Jacyna M., Ambroziak T., Merkisz-Guranowska A., Pielecha J., Jacyna-Gołda I., Lewczuk K., Pyza D., Wasiak M., Szczepański E., Żak J.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 3

133--140

EN

The paper is a result of research work carried out under the project EMITRANSYS for shaping ecological transport system. The paper presents selected aspects of emission and concentration of harmful compounds of exhaust gases generated by road transport. It also presents the share of harmful compounds emitted by road transport in comparison with the emission from other sectors of economy. Transport policy should encourage the usage of energyefficient and less environmentally damaging modes of transport and their efficient use. The paper analyses the emissions of selected pollutants and their estimated contribution to the total emissions of road transport. It also presents selected aspects of the identification of areas with the highest emissions of harmful compounds in Poland against the European Union. This analysis provides a basis to identify the instruments to prevent and reduce pollution arising from transport activities. In particular, variable emission of selected components of fumes according to the velocity of passenger vehicle. the measured values for NO2 concentration in the UE countries in 2011, the measured values for CO concentration in UE countries in 2011, the measured values for PM10 concentration in UE countries in 2011, the measured values for PM2.5 concentration in UE countries in 2011 are presented in the paper.

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Proecological approach to modelling traffic organization in national transport system

Jacyna M., Merkisz J.

Archives of Transport

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2014

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Vol. 30, iss. 2

31--41

EN

The paper presents a general approach to modelling traffic organization within the network of national transport system and with taking into account environmental aspects. General description of the model and necessary data for modelling are presented. The exact mathematical formulation of constrains and criteria functions assessing quality of traffic organization and taking into account level of emission of harmful compounds of exhaust gases are provided. The assessment of traffic organization in transport network is made in aspect of programming transport system development in ecological terms. Particular attention was paid to technical and ecological features of infrastructure and means of transport. What is important, model uses emission indexes set in real traffic conditions. The example of multi-variant distribution of freight traffic into the transport network is provided. Example was prepared with regard to environmental factors in simulation modelling tool EMITRANSYS developed in PTV VISUM.