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Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Sediment, and Polychaeta (Neoleanira Tetragona) from Coastal Areas Affected by Aquaculture, Urban Rivers, and Ports in South Sumatra

Rozirwan, Az-Zahrah Shahnaz Ajeng Fatimah, Khotimah Nadila Nur, Nugroho Redho Yoga, Putri Wike Ayu Eka, Fauziyah, Melki, Agustriani Fitri, Siregar Yusni Ikhwan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

303--319

EN

Industrial activities in coastal areas can produce pollutant substances that are detrimental to the ecological environment. This study aimed to assess the ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in water, sediments, and polychaeta (Neoleanira tetragona) affected by aquaculture, urban rivers, and ports. Water parameters such as temperature, DO, pH, and salinity were measured in situ at fifteen observation stations. Samples were taken at three locations around the aquaculture area, namely the Barong River, the Musi River Estuary as an urban river area, and Tanjung Api-api port in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Analysis of sediment grain size and substrate types using the method of Shepard’s triangle Heavy metal concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Then, the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey statistical analysis. Ecological risk assessment uses the bioconcentration factor (BCF), index geoaccumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and pollution load index (PLI). Based on the results, the concentration of heavy metal Pb in water was not detected until 0.625 mg/L, and Cu was not detected. Furthermore, Pb in sediments was 1.261–11.070 mg/kg, Cu was 0.193–19.300 mg/kg, Pb polychaeta was not detected until 0.0044 mg/kg, and Cu ranged from 0.0003–0.0014 mg/kg. Ecological risk assessment for BCF showed that the level of accumulation of polychaeta (N. tetragona) was categorized as an excluder (BCF < 1). Igeo and Cf indicate uncontaminated pollution levels (Igeo < 0) and low contamination (Cf < 1). Meanwhile, the Pollution Load Index is included in the nonpolluted category (PLI <0). Based on the results, the quality of the ecological environment affected by aquaculture, urban rivers, and ports is still classified as safe for ecological risk assessment; further studies are needed regarding the relationship between pollution levels and the physiological response of biota.

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Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the Sidi Boughaba Lake, Morocco

Najy Mohamed, Talbi Fatima Z., Ech-Chafay Hassan, Akkaoui Omar, Lachhab Mohamed, Achhar Abderrahman, Nouayti Nordine, Belghyti Driss

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

215--219

EN

The goal of the research was to evaluate the heavy metal detection and potential ecological risks in lake’s water. Geological formations consisting essentially of sandstone and quaternary marine or dune sands characterize the study area. With a climate of the Mediterranean type winters are mild and humid, whereas summers hot and dry. At the analysis center of the Faculty of Sciences, the monitoring of ETMs is carried out by ICP-MS, the processing of data and the validation of the analysis method have been drafted according to the NF T 90-120 standard applicable to the analysis in a laboratory. The analysis covers concentrations of heavy metals, which include Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb and As, in the water. Pollution load index (PLI) values were above one (>1) which indicates progressive deterioration of the water quality. However, contamination factor (CF) values of Pb and Cu, ranging from 8.31 to 15.68 and from 5.5 to 28.05 respectively, show that the studied water remains under a strong impact by Pb and Cu. Considering the severity of the ecological risk (Er) for a single metal, the descending order of contaminants is Cu > Pb > Mn > Fe > Zn. In relation to the total ecological risk index (RI), water from the lake shows low to considerable ecological risk.

3

Heavy Metals Effects on Agricultural Soil Enzyme Activities of Fez, Morocco

Zerrari Naoual, Rais Naoual, El Ghachtouli Naima, Kouchou Aziza, Ijjaali Mustapha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

144--154

EN

Enzyme activities in soils are influenced by soil characteristics and pollutants and could be indicator of soil quality. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between physicochemical characteristics, heavy metals contents and enzyme activities (EA) in agricultural soils in the Saiss plain (Morocco). The analysis of six agricultural soil samples (sites 1–6), collected from urban and periurban agricultural soils of Fez region, showed that soils are generally alkaline with high CaCO3 that rich 46%, EC (525–703 μS/cm), rich in organic matter (3.14–5.80%). The Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in the studied area are generally greater than the Upper Continental Crust, with a deceasing order: Zn> Cr> Pb> Cu> Ni. Geo-accumulation index showed that soils are unpolluted to moderately polluted except site 5 and site 6 that are moderately to strongly polluted by respectively Cu, Pb, Zn and Pb. Potential ecological rіsk factors were below 40, which means low potential ecological rіsk except site 5 that has moderate potential ecological risk by Cu and Pb. Soil potential ecological risk indices were found <150 indicating low ecological risk. According to this index, Cu caused more serious pollution than the other elements. The enzyme actіvities of the sіx soil samples showed almost the similar ranges of values. These EA showed the highest values in site 5.The sensіtivity of soil enzyme to heavy metals were observed UREA>PHOS>GALA. Pearson’s correlation showed significant posіtive correlatіon between studied soil EA and between these EA and heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn), and significant negative correlatіon between EA and heavy metals (Cr and Ni). The results of this study enrich and provide data base of the impact of heavy metals on soil enzyme actіvities in agrіcultural soils in the Saiss plain.

4

Current status of phenolic pollution in urban lakes and its toxicity to cells : a case study of Xi’an, China

Wang Min, Zhang Yutong, Sun Jingxin, Huang Chen, Zhai Hongqin

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no 1

63--73

EN

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect and analyze phenolic compounds in the surface waters of four urban lakes in Xi’an – Hancheng Lake, Xingqing Lake, Nanhu Lake, and Taohuatan Lake. A total of 5 phenolic compounds were detected from the water samples, with a concentration range of ND-100.32 ng/L, of which bisphenol A (BPA) and nonyl phenol (NP) were the main types of phenolic compounds pollution in the four lakes. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the concentration of phenolic compounds in the lake waters of Xi’an City and the water quality indicators COD, TP, NH3 -N, DO, and pH during the same period. It was found that there was a significant positive relationship between the concentration of BPA and COD, the concentration of estradiol (17-beta-E2), estrone (E1) and TP and TN, the concentration of octylphenol (4-t-OP) and pH. The ecological risk assessment (ERA) shows that the concentration of BPA, 4-t-OP and NP in the lakes is at a medium risk level( is between 0.1–1), and that of E1 is at a high risk level (is greater than 1). Female cells (breast cancer cells) and male germ cells (testis cells) of mice were used as research objects to explore BPA and NP Toxic effect on mouse germ cells. BPA and NP at a concentration of 10-8 mol/L were found to have the most value-inducing effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells positive for estrogen receptor. Obviously, both BPA and NP can induce the proliferation of testicular Sertoli cells.

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Trace Element Distribution in the Snow Cover of Different Functional Zones in Berezniki-Solikamsk Industrial Hub, Russia

Ushakova Evgeniya, Menshikova Elena, Karavaeva Tatiana, Puzik Alexey

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

28--39

EN

The current study considered the distribution of trace elements in snow cover taking into account the functional zoning of the territory of Berezniki-Solikamsk industrial hub, Perm Region, Russia. The concentrations of 22 trace elements were determined in the dissolved phase of snowmelt using ICP-MS method. On the basis of on the background approach, it was found that Ni, Se, Cu, and Sn are actively accumulated in the snow cover. Snowmelt surface runoff during snow melting period significantly contributes to the total watershed discharge of rivers; therefore, the compliance with the Russian fishery quality standards was assessed. It was found that meltwater is the source of Cu, Mn, Se, Zn, V in surface waters. Significant concentrations of Pb, Cd, W, As, Se in snow are characteristic of conditionally background sites in comparison with average values of global concentrations of dissolved trace elements in river waters, and Se, W, Pb, Ni, As, Cd are characteristic of all functional zones. This study presented the possible sources of priority pollutants. The greatest technogenic impact was observed in the area of transport infrastructure development. Upon that, recreational and residential functional zones also experience significant anthropogenic impact. In order to create a comfortable and healthy urban environment it is necessary to implement the measures to restore these areas.

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Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of a riverine wetland, Huaihe River Watershed, China

Yuan H., Pan W., Zhu Z., Wei Y., Geng Q., An S.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2015

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Vol. 22, nr 2

231--242

EN

The concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in sediment cores collected from a representative riverine wetland located in the Huaihe River watershed, China, dramaticlly increased from the bottom to upper layer of the cores. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and enrichment factor (EF) suggested that heavy metals might primarily have been derived from the inflow of contaminated water from an industrial park and agricultural region. Component 1 of the PCA was dominated by Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, and Pb, while Component 2 was dominated by As. Metals’ high concentrations and EF values showed that the anthropogenic pollutants have increased sharply in recent years and reflect the continuous development of industry and agriculture in the region of the wetland, with a corresponding dramatic deterioration of the environment due to constant effluent of pollutants. Cd exerted the highest potential ecological risk of individual metals of sediment cores. Additionally, integrated RI values for all metals indicated that sediments possessed low ecological risk from the bottom to about 6 cm depth of the cores, moderate ecological risk from about 5 cm depth upwards, then considerable ecological risk from 4 cm depth to the top layer of the sediment cores, which demonstrates a continuous deterioration of environmental quality in recent years in this region.

PL

Stężenia Zn, Cr, Cu, As, Cd i Pb w rdzeniach osadów pobranych z reprezentatywnych podmokłych terenów nadrzecznych, znajdujących się w zlewni rzeki Huaihe, Chiny, wykazały znaczne wzrosty od dołu do górnej warstwy rdzeni. Zastosowanie analizy głównych składowych (PCA) i czynnika wzbogacania (EF) wykazało, że źródłem metali ciężkich mogą być przede wszystkim zanieczyszczone wody z parku przemysłowego i z obszarów rolniczych regionu. Składowa 1 PCA było zdominowane przez Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, i Pb, natomiast składowa 2 była zdominowana przez As. Duże stężenia metali i wartości EF wykazały, że antropogenne zanieczyszczenie gwałtownie wzrosło w ostatnich latach i odzwierciedla ciągły rozwój przemysłu i rolnictwa w regionie nadrzecznym, z odpowiednim drastycznym pogorszeniem stanu środowiska ze względu na stałe zanieczyszczenie ściekami. Cd stwarza największe potencjalne ryzyko ekologiczne spośród wszystkich metali rdzeni osadów. Dodatkowo, zintegrowane wartości RI dla wszystkich metali wskazują, że osady tworzyły niskie zagrożenie ekologiczne od dołu do około 6 cm głębokości rdzeni, umiarkowane ryzyko ekologiczne od około 5 cm głębokości do góry. Znaczne zagrożenie ekologiczne stwarzają osady od głębokości 4 cm do warstwy wierzchniej rdzenia, co świadczy o ciągłym pogarszaniu się jakości środowiska w ostatnich latach w tym regionie.

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Ecological risk and economic loss estimation of heavy metals pollution in the Beijiang River

He J., Zhang H., Zhang H., Guo X., Song M., Zhang J., Li X.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2014

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Vol. 21, nr 2

189--199

EN

The distribution and extent of heavy metal accumulation in the fluvial sediment of the Beijiang River are described. The potential toxicity of this pollution was quantified using a consensus based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) method and the Hakanson potential ecological risk index. The concentrations of Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cr were high enough to damage the sediment biota on a frequent basis. The potential ecological risk was much higher in the downstream, urbanized reaches of the river than in the upstream reaches which are still rural, but all sections of the river posed at least a moderate level of ecological risk. Estimates of the economic loss associated with these pollutions were appreciable, and were mainly due to Hg and Cu. The Beijiang River basin is heavily polluted, posing environmental risks for the downstream reaches of the Pearl River, and economic loss to the whole watershed.

PL

W artykule opisano dystrybucję i stopień akumulacji metali ciężkich w rzecznych osadach rzeki Beijiang. Potencjalną toksyczność tych zanieczyszczeń obliczono za pomocą metody wytycznych jakości osadów (SQGs) opartej na konsensusie i za pomocą potencjalnego wskaźnika ryzyka ekologicznego Håkansona. Stężenia Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni i Cr były na tyle wysokie, aby uszkodzić biocenozy osadu. Potencjalne ryzyko ekologiczne było znacznie większe w dalszych, zurbanizowanych odcinkach rzeki niż na wcześniejszych odcinkach, które nadal są wiejskie, ale wszystkie odcinki rzeki reprezentowały co najmniej umiarkowany poziom ryzyka ekologicznego. Szacunki strat ekonomicznych związanych z tymi zanieczyszczeniami były znaczne, a to głównie ze względu na obecność Hg i Cu. Dorzecze rzeki Beijiang jest mocno zanieczyszczone, stwarzając zagrożenie dla środowiska w dalszym biegu rzeki Perłowej i możliwość strat ekonomicznych dla całej zlewni.

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Ecological risk assessment of hazardous waste disposal sites - a case study

Rédey A., Kováts N.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2004

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Vol. 11, nr 10

1083--1088

EN

Hungary introduced the Short- and Long Term Governmental Action Plan of 1991 to evaluate environmental risk posed by abandoned or uncontrolled waste disposal sites. Ecological risk assessment is a key procedure in the diagnostic phase, however, analyses and tests necessary for the assessment require very much effort. In order to minimise costs, applicability and quality assurance of a rapid and cost-effective ecotoxicological test based on the bioluminescence inhibition of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri has been investigated.

PL

W 1991 r. rząd węgierski wprowadził krótko- i długoterminowy plan działania oceny ryzyka ekologicznego powodowanego opuszczonymi lub nie nadzorowanymi składowiskami odpadów niebezpiecznych. Ocena ryzyka ekologicznego z tym związanego ma kluczowe znaczenie dla całego etapu diagnostycznego. Jednakże analizy i testy niezbędne do opracowania takiej oceny wymagają dużej ilości pracy. Dla zminimalizowanie czasu i kosztów oraz uzyskania odpowiedniej jakości i pracochłonność wykonania takiej oceny przeprowadzono badania za pomocą testu ekotoksykologicznego wykorzystującego inhibowaną bioluminescencję bakterii morskiej Vibrio fischeri.