Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Ecotoxicological Hazard of Pesticide Use in Traditional Agricultural Technologies

Lishchuk Alla, Parfenyk Alla, Furdychko Orest, Boroday Vira, Beznosko Iryna, Drebot Oksana, Karachinska Nadiya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 2

274--289

EN

The ecotoxicological hazard assessment of pesticide use on crops was performed. The study was conducted in 2021-2023 at the experimental field of the Skvyra Research Farm of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, located in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The influence of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides on the formation of environmental hazards in crop agrocenoses was studied: experiment (1) – peas, winter wheat, buckwheat; experiment (2) – winter wheat, buckwheat, oats. The ecological risk was assessed taking into account the ecotoxic properties of the chemical active ingredients of pesticides. It was found that the main parameters characterizing the occurrence of environmental risks are: (i) the pesticide load, i.e. the amount of toxicant applied per unit of sown area; (ii) the ecotoxicity of the pesticide (LD50), which is established by hygienic standards; (iii) the persistence of the pesticide in the soil, namely, its half-life (DT50), etc. The calculations proved that the pesticides used had a low environmental risk of impact on agrocenoses. This is evidenced by the ecotoxicity index (E). The total pesticide load (ΣE) on the agrocenosis of each crop during the three years of the study (2021–2023) was calculated. It was found that in experiment (1) – ΣExperiment 1 = 0.23 conventional units (c.u.); in experiment (2) – ΣEexperiment 2 = 0.04 c.u. The results obtained indicate an insignificant environmental risk of pesticide use for experimental plots of crops of the studied farm. However, prolonged use of pesticides certainly leads to the concentration of their persistent residues in the soil. This can lead to contamination of crop products and environmental. The cereals (buckwheat and oats) grown on the farm are intended for dietary consumption. To confirm the reliability of the hypothesis of the safety of the obtained grain and cereal products, it is advisable to further study their quality in terms of pesticide residues. It is shown that this methodology can be used to assess the risk of pesticide contamination of an agroecosystem. The ecotoxicity criterion (E) can be considered as a management tool for reducing environmental risks in agroecosystems.

2

Ecological and human health risks assessment of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Pławniowice water reservoir – artificial lake (Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)

Tytła Malwina, Kernert Joanna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2023

|

Nr 87

35--51

EN

This study aimed to assess the ecological and human health risks of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the bottom sediments of the Pławniowice reservoir, which is located in the Silesian Voivodeship, one of the most polluted regions in Poland. Sediment samples were collected at 5 sampling points located along the main axis of the reservoir. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using Avio 200 ICP-OES atomic absorption spectrometer (PerkinElmer Inc.). The geochemical quality classification, Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Ecotoxicological criteria, and Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER) were used for the assessment of the ecological risk, while for the human health risks, the Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), Carcinogenic Risk (CR) and Total Carcinogenic Risk (TCR). The results of the ecological risk analysis indicated that among the studied metals, only Cd may pose a potential hazard to the fauna and flora of the reservoir. The results of the health risks assessment indicated that the primary exposure pathway for adults and children can be accidental ingestion of polluted sediments. In both cases, children are far more exposed to the health effects. Although the studied metals did not pose a direct threat to human health, due to the values of CRs and TCRs to Cd, Cr and Ni it is recommended to take appropriate steps to reduce the concentrations of these heavy metals in the bottom sediments by their periodical removal.

PL

Celem pracy jest ocena ryzyka ekologicznego i zdrowotnego związanego z obecnością metali ciężkich (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb i Zn) w osadach dennych zbiornika Pławniowice, który znajduje się w województwie śląskim, jednym z najbardziej zanieczyszczonych regionów w kraju. Próbki do badań pobierano w pięciu punktach rozmieszczonych wzdłuż głównej osi zbiornika. Stężenia metali ciężkich oznaczano przy użyciu spektrometru absorpcji atomowej Avio 200 ICP-OES (PerkinElmer Inc.). Do oceny ryzyka ekologicznego wykorzystano geochemiczne klasy czystości osadów, Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Ecotoxicological criteria oraz Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), z kolei do oceny ryzyka zdrowotnego użyto Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), Cancirogenic Risk (CR) oraz Total Carcinogenic Risk (TCR). Wyniki analizy ryzyka ekologicznego wskazują, że spośród badanych metali tylko Cd może stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla fauny i flory zbiornika. Ocena ryzyka zdrowotnego wykazała, że główną drogą narażenia dla dorosłych i dzieci może być przypadkowe połknięcie zanieczyszczonych osadów. Ponadto w obu przypadkach dzieci są bardziej narażone na skutki zdrowotne. Pomimo że analizowane metale nie stwarzały bezpośredniego zagrożenia dla zdrowia człowieka, to ze względu na wartości indeksów CR i TCR, w odniesieniu do Cd, Cr i Ni, zaleca się podjęcie odpowiednich działań w celu zmniejszenia stężeń tych metali ciężkich w osadach dennych poprzez ich okresowe usuwanie.

3

Risk Management Model in ISO-standards as the Implementation of Environmental Safety for Housing Construction

Smirnova Elena, Larionov Arkadij, Shkarovskiy Alexander

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2023

|

Tom 25

282--288

EN

The authors analyse the standardisation of risk management as an effective tool for the safety of design solutions in residential construction. The analysed regulatory documentation answers the question of achieving an acceptable level of risk. Within the framework of improving environmental management, the use of specific penalties looks quite natural. However, the primary purpose of ISO 14001 is to form a responsible attitude toward the environment and natural resources as the most crucial assets of economic activity. The article raises the issue that domestic standards cannot thoroughly guide risk analysts due to their lack of development and inconsistency with ISO 31000:2018 and ISO 14001:2016. It is necessary to develop a unique approach to risk assessment, de facto describing the interaction of different scenarios, which will ensure an increase in the environmental and economic effects in the field of housing safety.

4

Predicting the Level of Ecological Safety for Man-made Objects

Smirnova Elena, Mamedov Shirali, Shkarovskiy Alexander

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2023

|

Tom 25

235--241

EN

The authors explored the utilization of simulation models as a means to ensure environmental safety, using the industrial hub of Kemerovo as an illustrative example. The article analyzes the factors that have contributed to the deterioration of the environment in the region for decades. It has been established that in terms of the overall percentage distribution of emissions from stationary sources, energy enterprises (73.0%), chemical and petrochemical industries (4.7%), and black metallurgy enterprises (7.8%) are leading in the city of Kemerovo. Simulation modelling has shown that the cause of high concentrations of harmful substances in the atmosphere of Kemerovo is due to the negative factors of industrial and household activities and their impact on environmental safety. High correlation and sensitivity coefficients indicate a lack of new available technologies in the region's industry and transport that could prevent air pollution. The forecasting model has indicated a potential two, three or even greater increase in emissions. For example, in the long-term perspective, by 2063, manufacturing emissions could potentially increase by 35 times, leading to irreversible ecological consequences. Extreme pollution and depletion of natural resources could make living in this region impossible.

5

Analiza potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego jako narzędzie wspomagające ocenę przydatności osadów ściekowych na cele przyrodnicze

Tytła Malwina

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2023

|

nr 1

18--24

PL

Procesy stosowane w oczyszczalniach ścieków nie gwarantują usuwania metali ciężkich, a jedynie sprawiają, że zanieczyszczenia te kumulują się w osadach ściekowych. Dlatego też zawartość metali w osadach ściekowych stanowi jedno z głównych kryteriów ograniczających wykorzystanie tej grupy odpadów do kondycjonowania i nawożenia gleb, jak również do rekultywacji i rewitalizacji terenów zdegradowanych w wyniku działalności człowieka. Obecność metali w osadach ściekowych wiąże się z potencjalnym zagrożeniem, zarówno w aspekcie ekologicznym, jak i zdrowotnym. Dlatego też, tak ważne jest monitorowanie zarówno ogólnej zawartości tych zanieczyszczeń w osadach ściekowych, jak również ich form chemicznych (specjacyjnych) występowania. Narzędziem ułatwiającym podjęcie decyzji o tym, czy dany osad ściekowy może być stosowany na cele przyrodnicze, w szczególności w rolnictwie, jest analiza potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego.

EN

The processes used in wastewater treatment plants do not guarantee the removal of heavy metals, but only make these pollutants accumulate in the sewage sludge. Therefore, the content of metals in sewage sludge is one of the main criteria limiting the use of sewage sludge for soil conditioning and fertilization, as well as for the reclamation and revitalization of areas degraded by human activity. The presence of metals in sewage sludge is associated with a potential threat, both in terms of ecology and health. Therefore, it is so important to monitor both the total content of these pollutants in sewage sludge, as well as their chemical (speciation) forms of occurrence. A tool facilitating the decision on whether a given sewage sludge can be used for natural purposes, in particular in agriculture, is the analysis of potential ecological risk.

6

Formation of the Population of Micromycetes in the Leaf Microbiome of Cereal Cultures Using Different Plant Cultivation Technologies

Beznosko Iryna, Havryliuk Liliіa, Mazur Svetlana, Gorgan Tetiana, Mosiychuk Iryna, Bashta Olena, Kichigina Olga, Turovnik Julia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 11

236--248

EN

The selection of cereal crops varieties as a factor in the regulation of the phytopathogenic microbiome in agrocenoses is an actual direction of the research. Cultivation of such varieties leads to a decrease in the level of biological pollution in agrocenoses and increases the quality as well as safety of agricultural products in agroecosystems. Therefore, the influence of the environmental factors (including abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic, and other) on the formation of micromycete populations in the leaf microbiome of grain crops using different plant cultivation technologies has been thoroughly studied earlier. The results of the selection the plant varieties by the indicators of influence on their population density, the frequency of the occurrence, and the intensity of the micromycete sporulation, were presented in this article. Vegetative organs of plants of the cereal crops (including the oats of Parliamentsky variety, Tembre variety, and spring barley Salomi and Sebastian varieties) were selected in the following phases: tillering, stem stage of growth, and earing. It was determined that using the traditional and organic technologies of plant cultivation in the leaf microbiome of Tembre oats and Salomi variety spring barley, the population density, the frequency of the occurrence of micromycete species, and their sporulation intensity were significantly lower compared to the plants of Parliamentsky oat and Sebastian spring barley. This shows that the cultivation of the cereal crops varieties capable of restraining the formation of micromycete on an ecologically safe level will result in a decrease in the level of biological pollution of agrocenoses and increase the biosafety of plants.

7

Environmental Risks of the Pesticide Use in Agrocenoses and Their Management

Lishchuk Alla, Parfenyk Alla, Horodyska Іnna, Boroday Vira, Ternovyi Yurii, Tymoshenko Liudmyla

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 3

199--212

EN

The article is devoted to the development of methodical approaches to the management of environmental risks due to pesticide contamination of agrocenoses. An assessment of ecological risks due to the use of pesticides was carried out at the scientific research field of the Skvirskaya research station of organic production of the IAP of the National Academy of Sciences during the growing seasons of 2019–2021. The methods of assessing the ecological risks of potential pesticide contamination of agrocenoses based on the indicators of the agroecotoxicological index (AETI) and the ecotoxic impact of harmful substances (E) were used on the natural environment. It was shown that the level of environmental risk due to the use of pesticides in the research field of the station according to the weighted average indices (AETI) is characterized as low – risk, and the environmental risk due to the pesticides using is minimal. According to indicators of ecotoxicity (E), the pesticides that were used are characterized as having a low potential ecotoxic risk of impact on agrocenoses of cultivated plants. However, the total pesticide ecotoxicological load (ΣЕ = 0.425 compared to the standard EDDT = 1) indicates the possibility of disruption of ecological connectivities in the agroecosystem. One of the elements of environmental risk management can be the assessment of the pesticide load on agroecosystems and considering of the territory ability to self-clean. In order to minimize the environmental risks of pesticide contamination of agrocenoses, measures should be taken to regulate the use of chemical plant protection agents. This can be done by banning or limiting the use of pesticides that have a high level of ecotoxicity and are persistent in the soil. This will contribute to increasing the ecological safety of agro-ecosystems and the natural environment.

8

Assessment of the Risks of Toxic Effects of Atmospheric Air Pollution for Humans (on the Example of Cities in Southern Ukraine)

Kolіsnyk Alla, Chugai Angelina, Mozgovyy Andriy, Soloshych Iryna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 6

147--154

EN

The significance of the research lies in the fact that atmospheric air is one of the vital components of the natural environment, and a high level of atmospheric pollution can cause toxic effects on human health. Therefore, an important and necessary task is to assess the negative impact of atmospheric air pollution on human health using certain methodological approaches. The aforementioned impact can manifest itself through carcinogenic and immunotoxic, that is, chronic effects. The possibility of solving the task is provided by the „Methodology for assessing the risks of toxic effects on human health from atmospheric air pollution”, which is based on the use of a linear-exponential thresholdless model. The research aimed to assess the risks of toxic effects from atmospheric air pollution in the cities of southern Ukraine for the population. The specified methodical approach allows for establishing the level of safety of city dwellers under the conditions of polluted atmospheric air. According to the results of the assessment of the carcinogenic risk of chronic intoxication of the population of four cities in the south of Ukraine in 2015–2020, it was established that the highest level of total risk from atmospheric air pollution was observed in the city of Odesa. The total risk index at maximum exposure for the city of Zaporizhia is lower compared to Odesa. In 2019–2020, a slight increase in the risk of intoxication of the population of the city of Zaporizhia was noted. The level of total risk of chronic intoxication of the population in the city of Kherson according to average indicators is lower than in the city of Zaporizhia. The level of danger for the population in the city of Mykolaiv is the lowest; there was a clear trend of reducing the risk of intoxication during the study period. The safest conditions for the population are in the city of Mykolaiv.

9

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination Using Pollution Index, Geo-Accumulation Index, and Potential Ecological Risk Index in Agricultural Soil – A Case Study in the Coastal Area of Doukkala (Morocco)

Zaakour Fatna, Kholaiq Mariame, Khouchlaa Aya, El Mjiri Ikram, Rahimi Abdelmejid, Saber Najib

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 2

38--44

EN

Studies assessing the environmental risks related to metal pollution in agricultural soils are lacking in the coastal area of Doukkala, with is one of Morocco’s most agricultural regions. To overcome the shortcomings of such studies, trace element (As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) analyses were carried out at four sampling points in agricultural surface soils, a total of sixty-six surface soil samples were raised with an auger at a depth of (0–20 cm) from the study area. This study examined the classification and levels of heavy metals in agricultural soil and applied the pollution score and ecological risk index to the Doukkala coastal area (Morocco). This study used pollution indicators, a geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk indices to examine the distribution and quantity of heavy metals in agricultural soils in the coastal region of Doukkala (Morocco). This study provides significant information for policymakers and environmental specialists to quantify soil contamination in the coastal area of Doukkala (Morocco).

10

Effect of ultrasound on extraction of heavy metals from sewage sludge in the context of a potential ecological risk assessment

Tytła Malwina, Słaby Krzysztof, Widziewicz-Rzońca Kamila, Miszczak Ewa, Kernert Joanna, Klyta Justyna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2022

|

Nr 83

19--31

EN

The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of ultrasound waves on the recovery of heavy metals (HMs) from sewage sludge. For this purpose, we conducted a three-step sequential extraction process proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR; presently the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme). In the experiment use was made of certified reference material ERM-CC144 SEWAGE SLUDGE (Joint Research Centre; JRC). The content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in certified material was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using the Avio 200 ICP-OES apparatus (PerkinElmer Inc.). To reduce the sequential extraction time, ultrasound treatment was used instead of long hours of shaking. Sonication was conducted in an ultrasonic bath (Sonic-5; Polsonic). The sonication time was set at 20, 40 and 70 minutes. The frequency, power and temperature during the ultrasound treatment were kept constant. The recovery values of heavy metals obtained by the modified sequential extraction method were at similar levels to those achieved by the conventional one. Moreover, it has also been shown that after only 20 minutes of sonication, the recovery values can be obtained similarly as for the conventional method. In order to check whether the ultrasound waves have a significant impact on the distribution of heavy metals in the chemical fractions of sewage sludge, the percentage share for each element was calculated and the potential ecological risk analysis was conducted. This was possible thanks to the fact that the material used for production of ERM-CC144 (JRC) is sewage sludge of domestic origin. The obtained results revealed that ultrasound treatment does not significantly influence the distribution of analysed heavy metals in the chemical fractions of sewage sludge, with one exception, i.e., Zn. The assessment of the ecological risk was performed using Risk Assessment Code (RAC) index, which includes the content of metals in the most mobile fraction, i.e., bound to carbonates. The calculated values of RAC indicated that Zn posed the highest ecological risk. However, it can be also confirmed that the application of ultrasound treatment in the sequential extraction procedure does not have a significant impact on the interpretation of results of the ecological risk assessment. What is more, it confirms the legitimacy of using the discussed modification in the sequential extraction of heavy metals from sewage sludge.

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu oddziaływania fali ultradźwiękowych na wielkość odzysku metali ciężkich z osadów ściekowych. W tym celu przeprowadzono proces trzystopniowej ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej zaproponowanej przez Community Bureau of Reference (BCR; aktualnie Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme). W badaniach wykorzystano certyfikowany materiał odniesienia ERM-CC144 SEWAGE SLUDGE (Joint Research Centre; JRC). Zawartość metali ciężkich (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) oznaczono przy użyciu spektrometru absorpcji atomowej Avio 200 ICP-OES (PerkinElmer Inc.). Aby skrócić czas ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej, w miejsce wielogodzinnego wytrząsania zastosowano obróbkę ultradźwiękami. Proces nadźwiękawiania prowadzono w łaźni ultradźwiękowej (Sonic-5; Polsonic). Czas nadźwiękawiania wynosił: 20, 40 i 70 minut. Częstotliwość, moc oraz temperaturę podczas obróbki ultradźwiękowej utrzymywano na stałym poziomie. Wartości odzysków dla metali ciężkich uzyskane z zastosowaniem zmodyfikowanej metody ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej były zbliżone do tych otrzymanych dzięki metodzie konwencjonalnej. Ponadto wykazano również, że już po 20 minutach nadźwiękawiania można uzyskać wartości odzysków jak dla metody konwencjonalnej. W celu zbadania, czy fale ultradźwiękowe wpływają istotnie na zawartość metali ciężkich w poszczególnych frakcjach chemicznych osadów ściekowych, obliczono udział procentowy dla każdego z pierwiastków, a następnie przeprowadzono ocenę potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego. Ocena ta była możliwa dzięki temu, że w skład materiału ERM-CC144 (JRC) wchodzą osady ściekowe pochodzenia komunalnego. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że obróbka ultradźwiękowa nie wpływa istotnie na udział analizowanych metali ciężkich we frakcjach chemicznych osadów ściekowych, za wyjątkiem cynku. Ocenę ryzyka ekologicznego przeprowadzono przy pomocy wskaźnika Risk Assessment Code (RAC), który uwzględnia zawartość metali w najbardziej mobilnej frakcji, czyli tej związanej z węglanami. Obliczone wartości RAC wskazują, że największe ryzyko ekologiczne powoduje cynk. Można również stwierdzić, że zastosowanie ultradźwięków w procedurze ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej nie wpływa istotnie na interpretację wyników oceny ryzyka ekologicznego. Jednocześnie potwierdza to zasadność stosowania omawianej modyfikacji w procesie ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej metali ciężkich z osadów ściekowych.

11

Improving the Environmental Safety Risk Assessment in Construction Using Statistical Analysis Methods

Smirnova Elena, Mamedov Shirali, Shkarovskiy Alexander

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2022

|

Tom 24

110--128

EN

The article aims to assess risk for substantiating the economic and organizational efficiency of construction in the context of ecologic safety. A quantitative risk estimation was made through the Monte Carlo way for negative and positive choices to avoid ecological harm. The simulation algorithm imitated the distribution obtained from the evidence-based fit. The outcomes of a sensitivity investigation are also prepared to verify the suggestion. This risk analysis technique has a digital computer implementation. The simulation data outputs demonstrate the alternative of the general norm of validation and the acceptance of the solution, which is not harmful to the environment. In situations of uncertainty, the decision to select the optimistic flavor with high spending (to retain the reliability of the technics) but less risk pretends to be a decisive factor in the eco-friendly protection strategies of the construction project.

12

Ecological Risk Assessment for Occurrence of Toxic Elements in Various Land Use Types in Vietnamese Mekong Delta Province

Nhien Huynh Thi Hong, Mi Le Thi Diem, Giao Nguyen Thanh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 7

121--130

EN

A total of 316 soil samples in the An Giang province were collected from the industrial zone (48 samples), mining (40 samples), farming (112 samples), landfills (88 samples) and cemeteries (28 a samples) to analyze toxic elements, including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and As. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollutant load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used to assess pollution levels and ecological risks. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals were almost still within the allowable limits of national standards. Cd was not detected. Heavy metals were detected in the soil in the following order: As < Pb < Cu < Zn, mining < industrial < landfill < cultivation < cemetery areas. The heavy metals contributing to soil environmental variability were similarly identified in the cemetery with industry and landfill with farming. The value of Igeo shows that As has a high potential to accumulate in soil in all land uses. The ranges of PLI values presented that the soil in industrial, farming, mining and landfills areas were classified moderate, while the cemetery areas has been rated at a high level. The RI values identified very high, high, and moderate ecological risks for cemetery, industrial and farming land and landfill, mining, respectively. The combination of PLI and RI indices showed that the cemetery areas were at the highest levels of pollution and risk. The results of this study provide scientific information on pollution level and ecological risks in various land use types supporting environmental zoning and managing strategies in the An Giang province.

13

Assessment of Occurrence, Ecological and Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil in the Hau Giang Province, Vietnam

Hong Tran Thi Kim, Dan Truong Hoang, Giao Nguyen Thanh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 9

61--71

EN

The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of some heavy metals in agricultural soil in the Hau Giang province, Vietnam. The geographical accumulation index (Igeo), pollutant load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (RI) are used to assess the pollution levels and potential ecological risks due to the presence of heavy metals in agricultural soil. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in the soil ranged from 16.25–40.32, 18.05–29.92 and 52.78–147.22 mg/kg, respectively, within the limits of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT. Cluster analysis showed that Pb originated from the process of using fertilizers, especially phosphate fertilizers in farming. Cu and Zn possibly share a common origin from the use of pesticides and fungicides in agricultural production. The Igeo value of Cu, Pb and Zn gradually increases in the order of Cu < Zn < Pb. The PLI (1.03–1.97) reflected that the soil in the study area is moderately polluted. The RI (14.80–25.33) represented a low potential ecological risk. In particular, position D3 had the highest level of pollution and risk among the study sites. Pb had the highest level of accumulation in soil with the highest single ecological risk factor; thus, measures should be taken to limit the source of Pb generation. The results of the study also indicated that ingestion route is the main exposure pathway by which heavy metals can be harmful to humans.

14

Pollution and health risk assessment of water quality: a case study in Mohammedia prefecture in Morocco

El morabet R., Berhazi L., Khan R. A., Bouhafa S., Khan N. A., Hakh T., Romaniv A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 110, nr 2

67--85

EN

Purpose: Water is vital for the sustenance of every life form. Urbanization, growing population and industrial development has led to exploitation of water resources globally. This study assesses quality of water resources of Mohammedia prefecture. Design/methodology/approach: The water quality analysis was carried out based on physio-chemical and heavy metal concentrations. The physio-chemical analysis comprised of status of concentration, overall quality and water pollution index evaluation. The heavy metal evaluation consisted of Ecological Risk Index, non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk assessment. Findings: The landfill near Ben Nfifikh River reported insignificant (WPI<1) – low level of pollution (>1≤1.5) for surface and groundwater points. However, the groundwater for Zenata region was found to pose both carcinogenic (CRt > 0.0001, range 0.4-35.31) and non-carcinogenic risks (HQ>1, range 6 -34) of higher degree rendering it unfit for human consumption. Hence, this study concludes that groundwater resources should not as water supply; instead, Oud El Maleh River can serve as surface water source for meeting requirements of Zenata region. Research limitations/implications: The data obtained can be categorized as landfill area near river Nfifikh and landfill area near river El Maleh. Both areas have been investigated for groundwater and surface water quality assessment. Practical implications: This study demonstrates the need to study the characteristics of groundwater (depth, flow rate, water renewal, etc.) before arranging a waste dump. This problem is especially relevant for arid countries, since residents experience a shortage of water, as well as a lack of rainfall provides a weak renewal of groundwater, which can contribute to the accumulation of a higher concentration of carcinogens in groundwater and provide a high risk to public health. If policymakers in arid countries and decision-makers have effective water quality maps, then the country can be more efficiently managed water resources without risking the population. Originality/value: The current study is planned as a multi-stage, each of which is supposed to conduct field studies of groundwater and surface water quality with appropriate parameters, analysis of institutional reports and related scientific studies in order to create an effective water quality map for rational water use.

15

Determination of Environmental Risks of Agricultural Land of Urbanized Territories around Mining Enterprises

Pirikov Oleksiy, Lunova Oksana, Tyutyunnyk Natalia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 5

72--83

EN

An agroanalysis was carried out, which showed that there is a natural connection between the gross content of nutrients and their mobile nitrogen compounds in the soil. A comparison of the content of gross and mobile forms of phosphorus in the soil showed that in ordinary chernozems the content of gross forms of phosphorus is 0.11–0.13%. The content of gross potassium in soils varies between 1.7–2.4% and the content of mobile from medium to very high degree of security. The study area in terms of the organic matter content of carbon has a rate of 0.9–3.2% (compared to background soils – 3.12%). The results of the research will serve as a starting point for substantiating the alleged contaminated agricultural land, which will contribute to the constant monitoring of areas, the basis of which is to control the condition of the soil cover of agricultural land.

16

O neutralności ekologicznej przedsięwzięć inwestycyjno-budowlanych

Bizon-Górecka Jadwiga, Górecki Jarosław

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2021

|

R. 92, nr 7-8

119--123

PL

Artykuł odnosi się do aktualnych wyzwań inżynierii środowiska naturalnego, zmierzających do znaczącego ograniczenia skutków ryzyka ekologicznego, prowadzącego do neutralności ekologicznej w zakresie budowlanych przedsięwzięć inwestycyjnych. Podkreślono konieczność holistycznego ujmowania przedsięwzięć inwestycyjno-budowlanych, obejmującego cały cykl ich życia. Podano wyniki badania pojmowania i specyfikacji ryzyka ekologicznego przedsięwzięć budowlanych przez ich kadrę kierowniczą. Wyspecyfikowano istotne czynniki neutralności ekologicznej przedsięwzięć budowlanych. Podano przykłady realizacji obiektów budowlanych na świecie, wpisujących się w inżynierię ekologiczną.

EN

The article refers to the current challenges of environmental engineering, aimed at a significant reduction of the effects of ecological risk, leading to ecological neutrality in the field of construction investment projects. The need for a holistic approach to investment and construction projects, covering their entire life cycle, was emphasized. The results of the study on the understanding and specification of the ecological risk of construction projects by their management staff are given. Significant factors of ecological neutrality of construction projects were specified. Given are examples of construction projects in the world that fit in with ecological engineering.

17

Metale ciężkie w osadach dennych - metody stosowane do oceny stopnia ich zanieczyszczenia oraz potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego

Tytła Malwina

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2021

|

nr 4

42--47

PL

Zanieczyszczenie zbiorników wodnych metalami ciężkimi (pierwiastkami potencjalnie toksycznymi) stanowi poważny problem w ujęciu środowiskowym, zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie. Metale przenikają do wód wraz ze ściekami przemysłowymi i bytowymi oraz ze spływem powierzchniowym (z pól i dróg). Finalnie pierwiastki te kumulowane są w osadach dennych, które pełnią szereg ważnych funkcji w ekosystemach wodnych, m.in. stanowią siedlisko dla organizmów żywych. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że metale nie podlegają degradacji w środowisku naturalnym, nadrzędnym elementem w ocenie stopnia zanieczyszczenia środowiska wodnego tymi pierwiastkami jest analiza składu chemicznego osadów dennych. Obecnie w tym celu stosowane są różne wytyczne i grupy wskaźników. Dla pełnej oceny stanu ekologicznego zbiornika wodnego konieczne jest jednak określenie formy chemicznej występowania metali ciężkich w osadach dennych. Takie podejście pozwoli na ocenę potencjalnego ryzyka, jakie pierwiastki te stwarzają dla środowiska i organizmów żywych. Jedną z metod umożliwiających stwierdzenie, z jakimi składnikami osadów dennych związane są poszczególne metale ciężkie, jest proces 3-stopniowej ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej zaproponowanej przez European Community Bureau of Reference (obecnie Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme).

EN

The problem of water reservoirs contamination with heavy metals (potentially toxic elements) is a serious environmental issue in Poland and all over the world. Metals get into the waters along with industrial and domestic sewage, as well as with surface runoff (from fields and roads). Finally, these elements are accumulated in bottom sediments, which perform a number of important functions in aquatic ecosystems, i.a. they provide a habitat for Iiving organisms. Taking into account the fact that metals are non-degradable in natural environment, the analysis of chemical composition of bottom sediments is the main element in assessing the level of aquatic ecosystem pollution with these elements. Currently, various guidelines and groups of indices a reused for this purpose. However, for a full assessment of the ecological condition of a water reservoir, it is necessary, to determine the chemical form of heavy metals in which they occurred in bottom sediments. This approach will allow for the assessment of the potential risk that these elements pose to the environment and Iiving organisms. One of the methods that make it possible to determine with which components of bottom sediments particular heavy metals are associated is the process of 3-step sequential extraction, proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference (now Standards, Measurements and Testing Program).

18

Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments and Its Potential Ecological Risks in Youtefa Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia

Hamuna Baigo, Wanimbo Efray

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 8

209--221

EN

This study aimed to analyze the heavy metal contamination in sediments and their potential ecological risks. The sediment samples were collected using PVC pipes and grab samplers at nine study sites in Youtefa Bay, namely five sites in the mangrove ecosystem, two sites in the estuary, and two sites in the middle of the bay. The heavy metal content was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The results of the analysis of the heavy metal content in the sediment were in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd > As > Hg (106.077±98.857, 28.553±30.505, 19.798±11.541, 17.665±11.457, 12.103±0.124, 2.996±1.235, 0.149±0.124, and 0.082±0.047 mg kg-1, respectively). Only the Cd content has exceeded the Threshold Effect Level (TEL) at all study sites. On the other hand, the As and Cr content has not exceeded TEL at any study site. The content of Hg, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Ni has exceeded TEL only at a few study sites. The heavy metal content in estuary sites is higher than in mid-bay and mangrove sites, which can provide the information on the sources of heavy metal contaminants. There is a significant correlation for the content of Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni which can indicate that the sources of these heavy metals are relatively the same (r = 0.569 to r = 0.950). The CF and Igeo values indicate that there has been contamination of several heavy metals studied. Further analysis ( ERI ) showed that the heavy metal content in the sediments poses a potentially serious ecological risk. Most of the potential ecological risks are the contribution of Cd and Hg which have high toxicity factors and this should receive special attention from local governments and stakeholders to prevent higher contamination.

19

Evaluation of Surface Sediment Quality in Rivers with Fish Farming Potential (Peru) Using Indicators of Contamination, Accumulation and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals and Arsenic

Custodio María, Fow Anthony, Peñaloza Richard, Chanamé Fernán, Cano Deyvis

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 5

78--87

EN

Surface sediment quality of potential rivers in Peru was evaluated using indicators of contamination, accumulation and ecological risk of heavy metals and As. Surface sediment samples were collected at 54 sampling sites in the Tishgo and Chia rivers during 2018. The determination of Cu, Pb, Zn and As was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed the decreasing order of the mean concentrations of heavy metals and As in the Chia River of Zn > Cu > As > Pb and Tishgo of Zn > Pb > As > Cu. The PLI for the Tishgo River were greater than one (PLI > 1) denoting the deterioration it has been experiencing. In the Chia River, 60% of the sampling sites indicated no appreciable contamination by these elements (PLI < 1). The Igeo values of As in both rivers showed a state of contamination, from moderately to severely contaminated. In the Tishgo River the potential ecological risk varied from low to moderate and in the Chia River from low to considerable. Finally, this study reveals the applicability of the evaluation indexes of contamination, accumulation and potential ecological risk of toxic metals so that special control measures can be adopted.

20

Ecological Implications and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metal and Hydrocarbon Contaminants in the Soil of a Poorly Crude Oil Remediated Site in Nigeria: A Case of Ikot Ada Udo Community

Joseph Akaninyene, Udofia Udeme, Edet Uwem, Iwok Eno, Ivara Vivian

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 10

275--286

EN

The ecological risk and source apportionment of heavy metals and hydrocarbons in soil from the study site was carried out. Composite soil samples (n = 48) were collected from 3 sampling points (SP 1, SP 2, SP 3) within the site at 50, 200, and 500 meters, respectively, from the oil well and from a control site (Ibagwa, Abak) at 10,000 meters from the study site, using a hand-held auger. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES, Yobin Yvon JY-24) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) using Agilent 6890N Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC– FID model, Japan). Mean levels of heavy metals and TPH were higher in the study site compared to the control. The mean levels of heavy metals were 0.748 mg/kg (Pb), 0.754 mg/kg (Cd), 1.577 mg/kg (Ni), 0.274 mg/kg (Cr), 4.749 mg/kg (Fe), 0.020 mg/kg (V), 0.103 mg/kg (Co), 0.181 mg/kg (As), 5.544 mg/kg (Mn), and 5.187 mg/kg (TPH). The heavy metals in the soil had an increasing sequence of Vi_f) (91.47%) and ecological factor (Eⁱ_r) (99.29%) in the soil, denoting that Cd contributed the most to the ecological instability and contamination of the soil. Co-relation, principal component analysis (PCA), and coefficient of variation (CV) revealed that Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Fe, V, As, Mn, and TPH were introduced into the soil through the crude oil spill (artificial sources), while Co originated from natural sources. A thorough clean-up of the spill site is therefore recommended to ecologically restore the soil. More of similar studies are required in other crude oil impacted soils in Niger Delta, Nigeria.