Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Development of paints and varnishes in the face of dynamic changes of end users’ needs – challenges for raw material producers

Styrzyński Robert, Koszewska Małgorzata, Jałmużna Irena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Łódzka

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2019

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z. 73

101--112

EN

Paint and varnishes market is one of the fastest growing globally, mainly due to the huge demand in the construction industry. Based on the purpose of using paints, varnishes and other coatings industry can be categorized in architectural decorative, industrial and special purpose coatings. The largest segment, with highest number of producers is the decorative one. The development of raw materials for decorative market segment must satisfy the needs of todays and future end users as well as regulatory challenges and economical challenges. This will not happen without influence on currently used raw materials and future development. Aim of the article is present short history of coating industry on the world and in Poland, drivers of changes that are currently ongoing as well as future trends and developments.

PL

Rynek farb i lakierów jest jednym z najszybciej rozwijających się na świecie, głównie ze względu na ogromne zapotrzebowanie w branży budowlanej. Biorąc pod uwagę zastosowanie końcowe farb i lakierów rynek ten można podzielić na architektoniczne powłoki dekoracyjne, przemysłowe i specjalne. Największy segment z największą liczbą producentów stanowi segment dekoracyjny. Rozwój surowców do segmentu farb i lakierów dekoracyjnych musi spełniać potrzeby dzisiejszych i przyszłych użytkowników jak i wyzwań regulacyjnych oraz wyzwań ekonomicznych. Nie stanie się to bez wpływu na obecnie stosowane surowce i przyszły rozwój. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie krótkiej historii przemysłu lakierniczego na świecie i w Polsce, wskazanie czynników napędzających obecnie ten rynek jak również wskazanie trendów istotnych w przyszłości.

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Factors Affecting Alien and Native Plant Species Richness in Temperate Nature Reserves of Northern China

Zhang X., Wang H., Wang S., Wang R., Wang Y., Liu J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

320--333

EN

Understanding the factors affecting the species richness of alien and native plant is a key issue for predicting the spread of alien species and protecting rare and endangered native species in nature reserves. To investigate the factors affecting alien and native species richness in temperate nature reserves of China, we used a database of 25 nature reserves in Shandong Province of northern China, and studied the relationship of alien and native plant species richness with climatic and anthropogenic factors, as well as area and elevation range. We found that most of the nature reserves in Shandong Province have been invaded by alien plant species. The distribution of alien and native species responds to the same climatic factors, and temperature and precipitation exert strong effects on both groups. Alien and native plant species richness are positively correlated. Human activity is more effective for explaining richness of alien than for native species. Simultaneously, human activity has stronger effects on alien herbaceous than on alien woody plants. Our results suggest that native species richness is mainly explained by climatic factors, whereas alien species richness is mainly explained by climatic factors and human activity together.

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Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Invasion in a Scots Pine Forest : Relationships between Soil Properties and Vegetation

Halarewicz A., Pruchniewicz D., Kawałko D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

295--302

EN

Prunus serotina Ehrh. is a rapidly expanding invasive in European temperate forests, threatening native species biodiversity. Three alternative models, ‘the passenger’, ‘the driver’, and ‘the opportunist’ were used to determine the interactions between the invasive species, the native community, and features of the habitat. To assess the relationships between soil properties and species composition of a Scots pine forest invaded by P. serotina, we randomly selected twelve research plots in each of four stands in the south-western part of Poland. We used the phytosociological relevé method and determined selected soil properties (total nitrogen, organic carbon, and pH value) in the organic and humus horizons. Based on redundancy analysis, we determined that selected soil properties explained 38% of the total variation in species composition of the Scots pine forest with P. serotina, indicating that community interactions followed the ‘passenger’ model. At the same time, we found that P. serotina invaded via the ‘driver’ model, since the decrease in soil C:N ratio correlated with black cherry presence, and showed a significant impact on the floristic diversity in the invaded phytocenoses. We conclude that soil parameters seem to facilitate the invasion of P. serotina, and comprise the consequences of this process.