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Microbiological Landscape of Oil-Contaminated Soil and its Bioremediation by Microorganisms

Kupriyashkina Elena, Pylypenko Liudmyla, Sevastyanova Olena, Mazurenko Kseniya, Hugi Christoph, Breitenmoser Lena, Krusir Galyna, Malyovanyi Myroslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

31--40

EN

The composition of microbial contaminants of soil samples polluted with oil and oil products from oil depots of ports in southern Ukraine was investigated, and the possibility of their bioremediation by microorganisms present in the soil was determined. The microbiological landscape of the soil contaminated with oil and oil products was established, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, group and dendrological composition of microorganisms as well as their potential ability to biodegrade petroleum hydrocarbons were determined. The degree of sanitary and ecological contamination of the samples was characterized by the number of the main groups of microorganisms – mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (MAFAnM), molds, yeasts, as well as the dominance of MAFAnM by 3-5 orders among the studied groups of microorganisms. According to MAFANM, the number of thermophilic bacteria, titers of nitrifying bacteria, E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, bacteria of the genus Proteus, and the degree of oil contamination, the soil samples studied are characterized as contaminated and heavily contaminated. According to the study of morphological, tintorial, cultural, biochemical properties, 130 species were identified and 9 morphogroups of bacteria in oil-contaminated soil samples were determined. A dendrogram was constructed based on the set of studied properties of the isolated microorganisms. According to the results of the screening, the microorganisms isolated from the contaminated soil samples are capable of biodegradation of long-chain alkanes of petroleum hydrocarbons. The identified groups of microorganisms can be arranged in the following order of increasing indicator: Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus macerans ˂ Paenibacillus polymyxa ˂ Bacillus licheniformis ˂ Bacillus thuringiensis ˂ Bacillus megaterium ˂ Bacillus pumilis ˂ Bacillus cereus ˂ Paenibacillus circulans. Paenibacillus circulans and Bacillus cereus were identified as the most promising strains, biotransforming up to 48 percent of the total amount of hydrocarbons.

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Study of the Conditions for Accelerating the Composting Process when Adding Microbial Communities

Sokolova Valeriia, Krusir Galina, Sagdeeva Olga, Gnizdovskyi Oleksandr, Malovanyy Myroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

11--17

EN

The study of the composting process is a very urgent task. The rapid growth in food production leads to the formation of waste, which should be safely disposed of in a natural way – composting. Composting the vegetable component of food waste can significantly reduce the proportion of waste falling into landfills and utilize the food waste from the hotel and restaurant industry. Additional enrichment of the compost mixture of food waste with the «Baikal EM» microbiological additive accelerates the maturation process and enhances the efficiency of the finished compost. Such compost does not contain viable weed seeds or pathogenic microflora and can be used as a fertilizer. In contrast to the control, a sufficient level of germination index is observed for the studied samples and they are not phytotoxic. The finished compost can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture for growing crops. The results obtained indicate that the index of germination of radish seeds increases along with the duration of fermentation of the composted mixture. Communities of microorganisms contained in the «Baikal EM» additive accelerate the natural process of composting, taking an active part in the destruction of the components of the vegetable mixture. The pH value of the finished compost, both under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions, is close to neutral indicators. High values of CO2 emissions from reactors were recorded in the second week under thermophilic and for 3 weeks under mesophilic conditions. The finished compost that fermented under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions can be used as fertilizer, but considering that additional energy is required to create thermophilic conditions, it is advisable to compost the food waste mixture with the addition of the microbiological additive «Baikal EM» under mesophilic conditions.

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A Promising Way to Dispose of Fatty Waste by Hydrolysis and Study of the Conditions for Immobilization of Rhizopus Japonicus Lipase on Carriers

Skliar Viktoriia, Krusir Galina, Shunko Hanna, Zakharchuk Valentyna, Malovanyy Myroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 2

201--208

EN

The hydrogenation process in oil and fat production is accompanied by the formation of a large amount of waste, the majority of which includes spent catalysts and spent sorbents. The bioconversion of lipids through the use of immobilized enzyme preparations expands the possibilities and is one of the most powerful resource potentials of environmental biotechnology. The adsorption methods are most effective, which is due to the ease of the binding process, the low cost of the carrier and the absence of toxic substances. Immobilization of adsorption provides a large surface area, which is important for the lipolytic enzymes performing catalysis at the interface. In most cases, adsorption slightly reduces the activity of lipases and, which is extremely important, does not affect their specificity. It was shown that the use of activated carbon with a grain size of 2.0–2.8 as a carrier for immobilization of lipase, leads to maximum preservation of the initial lipolytic activity. The weight ratio of carrier/ enzyme, optimal in terms of preservation of lipolytic activity, was 1 g of biopolymer carrier per 500 mg of lipase (1: 0.5) with preservation of 36.33% of the initial activity of the native enzyme. From the obtained experimental data, it follows that the rational conditions for the immobilization of Rhizopus japonicus is GM 1.5, temperature 25°С, duration of immobilization 15 minutes, the size of particles of activated carbon as a matrix is 2.0–2.8 mm. The lipolytic activity of the enzyme immobilized under these conditions is preserved by more than 30% compared with the native one, which is a high indicator of the preservation of activity.

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Research Study of the Conditions of Wastes Lipolysis Lipid Fraction

Sklyar Victoria, Krussir Galina, Lebedenko Tetyana, Khomich Galina, Kovalenko Irina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 3

152--156

EN

Biotechnological processing of secondary raw material resources of the oil and fat industry in useful products is the most expedient and effective in terms of both economic and environmental requirements. The obtained experimental results of the study indicate the prospect of lipolysis with the lipase Rhizopus japonicus fat fraction of waste generated during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. The greatest activity in relation to olive oil is expressed by lipase Rhizopus oryzae. Lipase Rhizopus japonicus exhibits the highest activity relative to hydrogenated fat, which is explained by its substrate specificity. It was found that the content of free fatty acids in the hydrolyzate reached the saturation level after 72 hours of hydrolysis, and the concentration of triglycerides during this time of hydrolysis decreased to a minimum value. The results of research should be used to improve the processing technology of waste oil and fat industry in the food industry.