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Habitat requirements of Elodea canadensis Michx. in Polish rivers

Cegłowska A., Jusik S., Samecka-Cymerman A., Klink A., Szoszkiewicz K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 4

363--378

EN

The main objectives of this work were to investigate the range of habitat conditions (in terms of water chemistry and hydromorphological parameters) at sites colonized by Elodea canadensis and to analyze the species composition of communities with this plant species. We analyzed physicochemical, hydromorphological and biological data from 1135 sites located in Polish rivers to identify environmental factors that determine the occurrence of Elodea canadensis. Canadian waterweed was present at 18.1% of the analyzed river sites, located mainly in the lowlands (26.2% of all lowland sites).The results show that Elodea canadensis prefers moderately mineralized water (545 ± 329 μS cm−1), rich in calcium and magnesium carbonates (174 ± 63 mg CaCO3 |−1, 84.1 ± 31.4 mg Ca2+ |−1 and 11.1 ± 6.4 mg Mg2+ |−1), with moderate concentrations of chlorides and sulfates (38.9 ± 59.1 mg Cl−|−1 and 62.3 ± 50.9 mg SO42- |−1) and in terms of nutrients, it prefers water from moderately rich to mesotrophic and eutrophic. This plant has high light requirements and grows mainly in unshaded sections of shallow rivers. The studied species avoids sections of rivers strongly transformed and those with reinforced banks and bottoms. Canadian waterweed occurs mostly in the company of vascular macrophytes associated with slow-flowing rivers with sandy bottom material, indicating mesotrophic and eutrophic water.

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The Ecological Amplitude of Acorus calamus Young Shoots Under Water Level Gradient

Cao Y., Guo Z., Yang Y., Wang G., Xie Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 4

585--592

EN

This paper analysed the influence of the gradient of water levels (-54–120 cm) on Acorus calamus (A. calamus) young shoots in terms of their growth characteristics (germination rate, basal stem, height and biomass), leaf characteristics (number, area and moisture content), chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence parameters (Fv/ Fm, ETR, qP and qN) and other indicators. Based on a Gaussian model, we determined and quantified the response relationship between A. calamus young shoots and water level. The results showed that the ecological amplitude of water level for A. calamus young shoots was -52.3−141.8 cm, and the optimum range was -3.5−69.3 cm; a variety of indicators suggested that the optimum depth for A. calamus young shoots was from18.8 cm to 49.6 cm. The A. calamus seedling growth characteristics which were sensitive to changes in the water level were the germination rate and biomass. The germination rate was more sensitive to the submergence water depth, but the biomass was obviously influenced by the groundwater depth. Therefore, the A. calamus could be a suitable species for ecological restoration of land/inland water ecotones in lakes, rivers and reservoirs.

3

Invasion of alien Solidago taxa into urban habitats: A study of selected towns in southern Poland

Chmura D., Dyba P., Kraj P., Peplińska N., Pilorz A., Roman M.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2015

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R. 20, NR 1-2

97--104

EN

In Poland there are three invasive species of the genus Solidago native to North America. In the years 2010-2015 field survey in five tows in Oswiecim Basin and its vicinity was performed which aimed to examine frequency, habitat preferences and basic parameters of populations of these species. Amongst invasive goldenrods S. canadensis (79 localities) and S. gigantea (74) prevailed in the study area and are much more frequent than S. graminifolia (8). Populations of goldenrods were not very abundant and did not occupy large area, however, there were populations exceeding 500 m2 and that had more than 500 ramets except for S. graminifolia which occur at low densities. The Canadian goldenrod S. canadensis tended to occur more frequently in ruderal and segetal habitats than S. gigantea whereas S. graminifolia was encountered only at fallows. Both S. gigantea and S. canadensis were reported to occur in wetland habitats and sometimes formed monospecific stands what prove negative influence on biodiversity.

PL

W Polsce występują trzy inwazyjne gatunki z rodzaju nawłoć Solidago rodzime dla Ameryki Północnej. W latach 2010-2015 przeprowadzono badania pilotażowe w pięciu miastach Kotliny Oświęcimskiej i w jej sąsiedztwie. Badania miały na celu określenie częstości występowania, preferencji siedliskowych i podstawowych parametrów populacji tych taksonów. Wśród inwazyjnych nawłoci przeważały: nawłoć kanadyjska S. canadensis (79 stanowisk) oraz nawłoć późna (n. olbrzymia) S. gigantea (74) nad nawłocią trawolistną S. graminifolia (zaledwie 8 stanowisk). Populacje nawłoci nie były liczebne i zajmowały niewielką powierzchnię, aczkolwiek występowały populacje przekraczające 500 m2 i mające więcej niż 500 pędów (ramet) z wyjątkiem S. graminifolia, która pojawiała się tylko w małej liczbie okazów. Nawłoć kanadyjska miała tendencję do występowania na bardziej ruderalnych i segetalnych siedliskach niż S. gigantea, podczas gdy S. gramifolia została odnotowana wyłącznie na ugorach. Zarówno S. gigantea, jak i S. canadensis zostały stwierdzone na siedliskach mokradłowych i czasami tworzyły jednogatunkowe płaty, co jest przejawem negatywnego wpływu na rodzimą różnorodność biologiczną.

4

Phenotypic response of Doronicum austriacum Jacq. (Asteraceae) to diverse mountain and lowland conditions

Stachurska-Swakoń A., Kuź K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

249-262

EN

The knowledge of phenotypic response of rare and protected species provide useful information for the conservation and management strategies. Doronicum austriacum, a subalpine Central-European species has several lowland localities, which in Poland are regarded as glacial relicts. Diverse edaphic, climatic and coenotic conditions in particular localities give evidence to the broad ecological amplitude of the species. Based on data pertaining to three various populations occurring in different geographical regions (from South and Central Poland), different elevations a.s.l. (275-1350 m a.s.l.) and growing within different plant communities (subalpine tall-herb communities, mountain meadow, carr) an attempt has been made to characterise selected morphological, developmental and ecological features (like number of capitula and their diameter, effectiveness of reproduction, spatial distribution) and to test a hypothesis as to whether a lowland form of this species exists. The results indicate certain statistically significant differences (as number and diameter of capitula) between the study populations pertinent to plants at the generative stage. The distribution of the examined traits, however, falls within the range of species variability. The differences between averages are conditioned by the quality of the environment in terms of the soil moisture level, availability of mineral compounds and lighting, as well as by the degree of competition from other plants. The result of the experiment, involving transplantation of specimens into gardens, allow for the presumption that morphological features undergo environment-related modifications. At this stage of the studies, the idea of a morphologically different lowland form of the species cannot be supported.