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New Ecofuel For Diesel Engines

Sitnik L.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

2009

Vol. 4, no 1

155-159

The World is strongly dependent on crude oil for its transport needs. In order to diminish this dependence, we need to introduce clean, CO2-efficient, secure and affordable transportation fuels. The current production of liquid biofuels in the EU25 is less than 1% of the market. Recent assessments have concluded that the 2010 tar-gets, 18 Mtoe used in the transport sector, are unlikely to be achieved. There can be three basic possibilities of accomplishing this target: i) the use of alcohols (first of all ethanol) and their mixing with petrol; ii) the use of fatty acids esters (methyl or ethyl) of vegetable oils and their mixing with diesel fuel, iii) the use of synthetic hydrocarbons of the synthetic gas coming from biomass resources and eventually their mixing with other “clas-sical” hydrocarbons. This paper presents a new way of utilizing alcohols as fuels for a diesel engine. It is proposed to use heavy alcohols as a mix with vegetable oils and conventional diesel fuel. It is presented another way to use alcohols. Namely the use of heavy alcohols as a solvent for vegetable oil (called the biomix or BM) and after the obtain-ment of the density which would be similar to diesel fuel, mixing the biomix with diesel fuel to obtain biomixdie-sel (BMD). This solution will be shown for example with butanol as heavy alcohol, rape oil as vegetable oil and conventional diesel fuel. The investigations are carried out with a simple diesel engine on the engine test bed. Main parameters of engine (power output, torque, specific fuel consumption) and the main exhaust gas compo-nents (in this case CO, NOx, PM) were investigated. There were better results achieved than one expected. Con-trary to existing experiences, the maximum of power output and the torque of engine is higher in the whole range of the rotatory speed of the engine crankshaft when the engine biomixdiesel (BMD) is reinforced. The addition of the biomix component to fuel influences the specific fuel consumption. Generally with the larger part of the bio-mix component the specific fuel consumption grows. Because the power of engine also grows up one should expect that in exploitation the specific fuel consumption should not increase. It is very important that this fuel could be used to reinforce old, existing now and the future diesel engines. It’s worth paying attention that the presented solution in which a virgin vegetable oil (contrary to today’s situation in which as a fuel ingredient we have only fatty esters) is an ingredient for fuel. The production of butanol is known (from biomass and in other way with electrolysis of ethanol). The possi-bility to get butanol from ethanol gives a very good perspective for the use of ethanol from today’s overproduction and moreover without the essential change of infrastructure. All this leads to the conclusion that fulfilling the expected requirements of European Union regarding the biofuels is fully possible.The introduction of new fuel needs carrying out of a lot of complicated investigations, but chosen direction may be interesting.