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Badenian (middle Miocene) decapod crustaceans from western Ukraine, with remarks on eco-taphonomy, palaeoecology and biogeography

Górka M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 4

511–-535

EN

The decapod fauna from the Badenian (middle Miocene) deposits of western Ukraine comprises in total 31 taxa: 20 species, 9 taxa left in open nomenclature, and 2 determined at family level. Thirteen of these taxa are reported for the first time from the territory of Ukraine. Among them are the first records of Trapezia glaessneri Müller, 1976 in the Fore-Carpathian Basin and Pachycheles sp. in Paratethys. One taxon (Petrolisthes sp. A) probably represents a new species. The occurrence of this significant decapod fauna is restricted almost exclusively to the Upper Badenian (i.e., early Serravallian) coralgal reefs of the Ternopil Beds. The taxonomic composition of the decapods indicates that the Late Badenian depositional environment was a shallow marine basin dominated by reefs that developed in warm-to-tropical waters of oceanic salinity. The decapod assemblage from the Ternopil Beds is similar in its taxonomic composition to numerous decapod faunules from fossil reefs of Eocene to Miocene age from the Mediterranean realm and of Miocene age from Paratethys. In contrast, decapod remains are very scarce in Badenian siliciclastic deposits (Mikolaiv Beds) and are represented by the most resistant skeletal elements, i.e., dactyli and fixed fingers. This scarcity was caused by the high-energy environment, with frequent episodes of redeposition, which disintegrated and abraded the decapod remains. The decapod fauna from the Badenian (middle Miocene) deposits of western Ukraine comprises in total 31 taxa: 20 species, 9 taxa left in open nomenclature, and 2 determined at family level. Thirteen of these taxa are reported for the first time from the territory of Ukraine. Among them are the first records of Trapezia glaessneri Müller, 1976 in the Fore-Carpathian Basin and Pachycheles sp. in Paratethys. One taxon (Petrolisthes sp. A) probably represents a new species. The occurrence of this significant decapod fauna is restricted almost exclusively to the Upper Badenian (i.e., early Serravallian) coralgal reefs of the Ternopil Beds. The taxonomic composition of the decapods indicates that the Late Badenian depositional environment was a shallow marine basin dominated by reefs that developed in warm-to-tropical waters of oceanic salinity. The decapod assemblage from the Ternopil Beds is similar in its taxonomic composition to numerous decapod faunules from fossil reefs of Eocene to Miocene age from the Mediterranean realm and of Miocene age from Paratethys. In contrast, decapod remains are very scarce in Badenian siliciclastic deposits (Mikolaiv Beds) and are represented by the most resistant skeletal elements, i.e., dactyli and fixed fingers. This scarcity was caused by the high-energy environment, with frequent episodes of redeposition, which disintegrated and abraded the decapod remains.

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Badenian (Middle Miocene) echinoids and starfish from western Ukraine, and their biogeographic and stratigraphic significance

Radwański A., Górka M., Wysocka A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 2

207--247

EN

Echinoderms from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Fore-Carpathian Basin of western Ukraine are facies restricted. The Mykolaiv Beds, stratigraphically older, yielded the starfish Astropecten forbesi (complete skeletons), two genera of sand dollars (Parascutella, Parmulechinus), and numerous other echinoids of the genera Psammechinus , Echinocyamus, Spatangus, Hemipatagus, Echinocardium, Clypeaster, Echinolampas, and Conolampas. The stratigraphically younger, calcareous Ternopil Beds yielded Eucidaris (complete coronae, isolated spines), Arbacina , Brissus, and Rhabdobrissus. Sixteen species of echinoids are distinguished and/or commented. A new brissid, Rhabdobrissus tarnopolensis sp. nov., is established. A mass occurrence of some species (Psammechinus dubius and Hemipatagus ocellatus) contrasts with that of mass aggregations (sand dollars and Echinocardium leopolitanum) by dynamic events in selected layers of proximal tempestites. Of special note is the occurrence of very small specimens, interpreted as juveniles (‘babies’) having been swept out of their restricted biotopes (‘nurseries’). Some species hitherto regarded as of Early Miocene age, and the problem of their persistence beyond the Fore-Carpathian Basin and/or migration into that basin during the Middle Miocene transgression are discussed.

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Mykolaiv Sands in Opole Minor and beyond : sedimentary features and biotic content of Middle Miocene (Badenian) sand shoals of Western Ukraine

Wysocka A., Radwański A., Górka M.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 3

475--492

EN

The Mykolaiv Sands are a huge lithosome of Middle Miocene (Badenian) age, accommodated within the Fore-Carpathian Basin in the Western Ukraine. Typically developed in the area of Opole Minor, it spreads across adjacent regions of Opole to cover an area of about 1300 km2. The varied sedimentary structures and ubiquitous burrows, indicate their development as a stack of sand shoals or related bodies, up to a few tens of metres thick, some of which temporarily reached sea level. Amidst the shoals, storm scours intermittently formed channel-like infills, some with residual lags at the base. The reversed density stratification and/or an increasing gravity gradient involved mass movements, some of which may have been triggered by seismic shocks focused at the shore or the adjacent hinterland of Podolia and Volhynia. Special attention is paid to the diverse fossils, all taphonomically filtered (aragonite shells and chitinous carapaces being lost), but which locally are mass-aggregated. They typify particular sand sets/bodies, to form allochthonous assemblages, some members of which (the cirripedes Scalpellum and Creusia, the shark Hemipristis, the ray Myliobatis) are newly recognized in the Ukrainian part of the Fore-Carpathian Basin. The others enrich considerably the faunal content of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Paratethyan basins, either in terms of taxonomic diversity, or the eco-taphonomy of selected taxa (the starfish Astropecten, diverse echinoids). The whole faunal content of the Mykolaiv Sands may owe its profuse development to the global Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum of early Badenian age.

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'Entobia balls' in the Medobory Biohermal Complex (Middle Miocene, Badenian; western Ukraine)

Radwański A., Wysocka A., Górka M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 3

265-376

EN

The peculiarly shaped 'Entobia balls', from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Medobory Biohermal Complex, western Ukraine, are a maze of moulds of clionid sponge borings belonging to the ichnogenus Entobia Bronn. The ichnospecies recognized (Entobia geometrica, E. paradoxa, E. cateniformis, E. laquea) are ascribed to the activity of two extant zoospecies, Cliona vastifica Hancock and C. celata Grant. Their habitat was provided by thick-walled shells of the bivalve Chama gryphoides garmella De Gregorio, the shells of which were drilled through completely. Some small patches of borings are compatible with those of the extant zoospecies Cliona viridis (O. Schmidt).

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Queues of blind phacopid trilobites Trimerocephalus: A case of frozen behaviour of Early Famennian age from the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland

Radwański A., Kin A., Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 4

459-481

EN

An assemblage of blind phacopid trilobites of the genus Trimerocephalus McCoy, 1849, representing either the species Trimerocephalus mastophthalmus (Reinhard Richter, 1856) or its allies (possibly, a new species), from an Early Famennian (Early Marginifera Zone) marly sequence of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland, is composed of well organized single-file queues. The trilobites in the queues appear almost intact, having been preserved in the position they kept when forming the queues, and are interpreted showing migratory behaviour known in various present-day arthropods, but unreported from the fossil state. This queuing was induced by environmental stress caused by a dramatic drop in sea level, temporarily leading to emersion. The preservation of the queues at omission horizons is thus ascribed to a mass mortality event, caused by subaerial exposure. The trilobites were suffocated and fossilized in a mortal spasm, and finally blanketed by calcareous ooze when inundated at a highstand. The assemblage of trilobite queues represents a unique example of frozen behaviour and a snapshot of the geological past.

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Eco-taphonomy of mass-aggregated giant balanids Concavus (Concavus) concavus (DARWIN, 1854) from the Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) of Rafina near Pikermi (Attica, Greece)

Radwańska U., Radwański A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 1

87-103

EN

The large- to giant-sized balanids, mass-aggregated in a tempestite of the Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) section at Rafina near Pikermi, Greece, represent a single species, Concavus (Concavus) concavus (DARWIN, 1854) [non BRONN, 1831], the taxonomy of which is revised. The peculiarly shaped forms .raphanoides. and .scutorum. are ecophenotypes of this species; the same applies to the .tulipiformis. specimens reported previously from this section. Discussed are dynamic events controlling the life and death conditions in the nearshore (offshore) environment of Rafina, where the giant specimens of Concavus (Concavus) concavus (DARWIN, 1854) flourished through several successive generations. As opportunistic species they adopted the r-selection reproduction strategy in order to dominate over other biota. The intermittent action of high-energy agents was responsible for the production of balanid-shell hash that involved taphonomic feedback. This enabled further colonization of the biotope and the growth of multiphased (bouquet-like and pyramidal) clusters. The demise of the monospecific balanid communities is ascribed to a heavy storm which stirred-up the whole balanid-bearing sequence, to produce a proximal tempestite. This final burial and subsequent depositional lull in the Rafina environment was favoured by a temporary deepening of the whole Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) basin beyond the bathymetric range in which the balanid population could survive.

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Middle Miocene coralgal facies at Maksymivka near Ternopil (Ukraine) : a preliminary account

Radwański A., Górka M., Wysocka A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2006

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Vol. 56, no. 1

89-103

EN

A peculiar coralgal facies is recognized in the Lviv-Ternopil region, Ukraine, from the northern shores of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Fore-Carpathian Basin. Its complex structure is dominated by algal buildups composed of interfingering red-algal (lithothamnian) colonies and blue-green-algal crusts, associated locally with numerous hermatypic corals (Tarbellastraea reussiana, Porites vindobonarum prima), either isolated, or overlapping each other. The holes amidst, and the crevices in, the buildups are filled with coarse bioclastic sediment (shell-grit), burrowed commonly by crustacean decapods (alpheid shrimps). The alpheid burrows, filled with coarser or finer shell-grit, served frequently as taphonomic traps for crustacean decapods (squat lobsters and crabs) and echinoids.Special attention is paid to the activity of rock-boring bivalves (Jouannetia semicaudata, Lithophaga lithophaga) in coralgal buildups and/or in particular coral colonies, some of which are redeposited, and riddled densely by bivalve borings. Emphasis is given to the environmental significance of alpheid shrimps, the tiered burrows of which are recorded in the Fore-Carpathian Basin for the first time. Crustacean decapods and echinoids are systematically studied. A comparison of the studied coralgal facies with others of the Lviv-Ternopil region, and those from the territory of Poland, indicates their faunistic and biogeographic identity.

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Kolonie korali z muszlowców ostrygowych i oolitów dolnego kimerydu Małogoszcza

Radwański A., Roniewicz E.

Volumina Jurassica

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2005

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Vol. 3, no. 1

97--107

EN

Scleractinian corals occurring scarcely in the Lower Kimmeridgian Actinostl'eon (=Lopha, =Alectryonia) shellbeds at Malogoszcz in the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland, are represented by abraded colonies densely riddled by rock-boring bivalves (Lithophaga inclusa Phillips, GastTOchaena sp.) and polychaetes (potamilla sp.). The taxonomically recognised specimens include C01nplexastrea bUJ'gundiae (de Blainville, 1830), D 'imorphocoenia sp., Ovalastrea caryophylloides (Goldfuss, 1826), and Thamnasteria graeilis (Miinster, 1826). AlI colonies are preserved in the form of hollows, the wall s of which bear moulds of coral calyces, and of bivalve and polychaete borings. Taking into account the structural features of shellbeds and their faunistic content (uprooted crinoids Apioerinites, dug-out deeply-infaunal bivalves), stormy agitation is postulated as a basic agent responsible for damaging AeUnostreon communities, and their associates. The studied corals are thought to have lived aside the Aetinostreon gardens, up on a muddy bottom, from where they have been stirred-up during the storm cataclysm, having been then abraded and riddled by rock-borers repeatedly until laid down in a shellbed and transferred in to the fossil record. The extremely shallow-water conditions, under which the ostreid Actinostreon has lived, suggest the typically opportunistic nature or the associated corals, the same as of Ovalastrea caryophylloides (Goldfuss, 1826) from oolitic shoals, and the only colony of which completes the coral assemblage of Malogoszcz. The opportunism or ali these corals differs them from the habit of hermatypie forms from coeval and Oxfordian patch-reef communities of the Holy Cross Mountains (ef. Roniewicz & Roniewicz 1968, 1971).

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Gąbki wapienne Elasmostoma lomes W. Mliller, 1984, z dolnego kimerydu Karsów koło Korytnicy, ich ekofenotypia i tafonomia

Radwański A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2005

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Vol. 3, no. 1

109--121

EN

Calcareous sponges Elastostoma !'omes W MUller, 1984, from the Lower Kimmeridgian marly onkolitic limestones exposed at Karsy in the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland, are studied in terms of their settlement, growth, behaviour, and resulting phenotypy. The lichen-shaped auriculate specimens are interpreted as growing upwardly, at a higher angle to the bottom surface, in order to involve passive flow carrying suspended nutrients up on which they fed. Unstable bottom and hydrodynamie conditions, under which the growth of sponges progressed, we re basic prerequisites that controlled ecophenotypic variability of the studied specimens, A peculiar case of regeneration is discussed, to postulaie the skeleton parts having been lithified during the sponge's life, and healed after an accidental injury. Aviolent event that caused catastrophic burial of the studied sponge assemblage is ascribed to high-energy agents, most likely of storm origin.

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Lower Kimmeridgian comatulid crinoids of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2005

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Vol. 55, no. 3

269-282

EN

An assemblage of feather stars or comatulids (free-living crinoids of the order Comatulida A.H. CLARK, 1908) is reported for the first time from Upper Jurassic sequences of Poland, precisely from Lower Kimmeridgian strata of the Holy Cross Mountains. The major part of this assemblage comes from oolitic deposits exposed at Małogoszcz Quarry, others from oyster (Actinostreon, and Nanogyra) shellbeds higher up section at Małogoszcz, as well as from the coeval strata of the Karsy section. Taxonomically recognizable skeleton elements such as calyces, isolated centrodorsals and radials are here assigned to seven taxa, three of which are new to science: Comatulina malogostiana sp.nov., Palaeocomaster karsensis sp.nov., and Solanocrinites sanctacrucensis sp.nov. The majority of the material available was contained in burrows made by some ancestral stock of alpheid shrimp, closely comparable to those of present-day snapping shrimp (genus Alpheus WEBER, 1795), and its allies.These burrows, situated at the tops of oolitic shoals/banks at Małogoszcz, casually served both as habitats of cryptic faunas (mostly comatulids, dwarf-sized gastropods) and as preservational/taphonomic traps for others, primarily echinoderms (ten taxa of echinoids, three stalked crinoids, two ophiuroids, one asteroid) swept into by highly agitated waters, most likely during storms, to produce an Echinodermenlagerstńtte. Comatulid remains from the oyster shellbeds underwent longer periods of transport, to be entombed far from their habitats.

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Tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Upper Oxfordian of Wapienno/Bielawy, couiavia region, north-central Poland

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 1

35-52

EN

A relatively rich assemblage of tube-dwelling polychaetes is recognized in the talus facies of the Late Jurassic (Late Oxfordian) biohermal, sponge-cyanobacterial buidup from the Wapienno/Bielawy succession exposed in a salt-dome cored anticline of the Couiavia region, north-central Poland. Fourteen taxa are described belonging to 12 genera: Glomerula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Regenhardt, 1961; Cementula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Regenhardt, 1961; Ditrupula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Howell, 1962; Filogranula Langerhans, 1884; Laqueoserpula Lommerzheim, 1979; Metavermilia Bush, 1904; Mucroserpula Regenhardt, 1961; Neovermilia Day, 1961; Pannoserpula Jager, Kapitzke & Rieter, 2001; Pursimonia Regenhardt, 1961; Placostegus Philippi, 1844; Serpula Linnaeus, 1758. Only very few, or no representatives of these genera have formerly been reported from the Jurassic of Poland. Five species are established as new: Ditrupula meandrica sp.nov., Laqueoserpula intumescens sp.nov., Mucroserpula jaegeri sp.nov., Pannoserpula couiaviana sp.nov., Placostegus conchophilus sp.nov. The ecology of this assemblage, which comprises typically epizoans of sponges, and of brachiopods upon whose shells they often formed 'serpulid gardens', is discussed. In the case of the brachiopods, live specimens were favoured, to which the tube-dwelling polychaetes became commensals located preferably on their ventral valves. Some of the polychaetes had their own commensal, the hydroid Protulophila gestroi Rovereto, 1901, whose stolonal network was embedded in their tubes. The lithology of the source deposits indicates their transport by storm agitation and/or mass movements. Concequently, rapid burial affected all biota, including the living brachiopods, some of which were bearing living polychaetes.

12

Farewell to Świniary sequence of mass-aggregated, spine-coated echinoids Psammechinus and their associates (Middle Miocene; Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland)

Radwański A., Wysocka A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 3

381--399

EN

The Świniary sand-pit (Middle Miocene; southern slopes of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland), which has yielded innumerable fossils of various kinds over the last fifty years, is revisited. Most significant there were mass accumulation of a single echinoid species, Psammechinus dubius (L. AGASSIZ, 1840), tests of which preserved spine canopies and Aristotle.s lanterns in position. Other echinoids represented were rare, e.g. Spatangus austriacus LAUBE, 1871, 'Giant Psammechinus sp.', Echinocardium peroni COTTEAU, 1877, and Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F. M LLER, 1776). The pit has since been abandoned and recultivated entirely; in view of this an updated review of, and supplement to, previous data on the Świniary biotic assemblages, and their environmental living conditions, is here presented. The mass accumulations of Psammechinus dubius are interpreted to have been of storm origin, i.e. mass transportation and burial of live, or freshly dead, specimens.Hinted at is a predatory activity of the starfish Astropecten forbesi HELLER, 1858, upon juveniles of Psammechinus dubius absent from the storm-related thanatocoenoses. Associated with echinoderms are, amongst other groups, verrucid barnacles Verruca sp. and inarticulate brachiopods Discinisca leopolitana (FRIEDBERG, 1921) derived from eulittoral habitats, as well as pieces of terrestrial amber swept out of the shore. A general shallowing-up trend in the Świniary sequence is recognised, as indicated by environmental conditions changing from deeper offshore to proximal sublittoral, possibly shallow subtidal.

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Eko-tafonomia serpulitów tytonu Brzostówki i Sławna na tle badań wieloszczetów dzisiejszych

Radwańska U.

Volumina Jurassica

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2003

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Vol. 1, no. 1

99-104

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Triassic brittlestar beds of Poland : a case of Aspiduriella ludeni (v. HAGENOW, 1846) and Arenorbis squamosus (E. PICARD, 1858)

Radwański A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 52, nr 4

395-410

EN

Exemplified by a new occurrence site of mass-aggregated Aspiduriella ludeni (v.HAGENOW, 1846) from the Lower Muschelkalk (lowest Anisian) sequence of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland, discussed are life conditions of ophiuroids in that region of Muschelkalk Basin (Middle Triassic) in Central Europe. Postulated is their fast deposition (burial) by the rip-current transport of alive, possibly torpid, and/or newly specimens captured by stormy agitation from their shallow subtidal and/or intertidal habitats. The palaeogeographical setting of the Holy Cross region is compared to that of the Silesia region in southern Poland, highly influenced till the early-Middle Triassic by oceanic waters of the Tethyan Realm. Shortly reviewed and/or discussed are the formerly known ophiuroid occurrences in Silesia, to be supplemented by a mass-aggregated case of Arenorbis squamosus (E.PICARD, 1858). Commented are also other ophiuroid aggregations reperted from the Muschelkalk Basin, and whose occurrence is considered in terms of their environmental conditions controlled both by physical (fluctuation of water parameters, and its dynamics) and biotic (low predation stress) agents. A biogeographical significance of the Aspiduriella during Triassic is outlined, to suggest its Muschelkalk-refugee provenance in the late Middle and Late Triassic of the Tethyan Realm.

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Mass aggregation of Middle Miocene spine-coated echinoids Echinocardium and their integrated eco-taphonomy

Radwański A., Wysocka A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2001

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Vol. 51, nr 4

295-316

EN

A unique "Fossillagerstatte" of spatangoid echinoids of the genus Echinocardium from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) sandy deposits of the Fore-Carpathian Depression, as exposed at Gleboviti (=Chlebowice) in the Ukraine, is characterised by a mass occurrence of tests often preserving their entire spine canopy, apparently unaffected by taphonomic filtering. These echinoids represent a new species, Echinocardium leopolitanum sp.nov., and are assumed to have had a similar mode of life as the extant, cosmopolitan species E. cordatum (PENNANT, 1777), i.e. relatively deep burrowing and confined to the sublittoral. Violent storms and/or storm-generated currents are held responsible for stirring up the sand and for bringing live specimens, of all ontogenetic stages, to the surface upon which followed deposition of a heavy-loaded sediment from which they could not escape. Thus, specimens are interpreted to have been buried alive, with all spines attached. Mass aggregation of tests occured either in patches laid down in vortical flutes on the current-swept seafloor, or within tabular scrolls of cross-bedded strata where they are locally imbricated. A functional analysis of the spines of Echinocardium leopolitanum sp.nov., and primarily of the large, triangular fan of plastron spines, suggests specimens to have been adapted to rapid burrowing throughout a weakly coherent and nutrient-poor sandy bottom. Ascribed to Echinocardium leopolitanum sp.nov. burrows, whose structure is comparable to, if not identical with, those of other Echinocardium species. The taxonomic potential of such burrows is discussed and it is suggested that names applied recently in ichnological analyses are in need of a modern revision.